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The role of Helicobacter cinaedi in the development of atherosclerosis

Tevhide Ziver Sarp
Tevhide Ziver Sarp
, 
Safa Gode
Safa Gode
, 
Suat Saribas
Suat Saribas
, 
Sevgi Ergin
Sevgi Ergin
, 
Gökhan Kasnak
Gökhan Kasnak
, 
Harika Oyku Dinc
Harika Oyku Dinc
, 
Halit Tokman
Halit Tokman
, 
Banu Tufan Kocak
Banu Tufan Kocak
, 
Melike Keskin
Melike Keskin
, 
Hrisi Bahar Tokman
Hrisi Bahar Tokman
 e 
Bekir Kocazeybek
Bekir Kocazeybek
   | 21 ott 2021
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Article Category: Original Study
Pubblicato online: 21 ott 2021
Pagine: 529 - 536
Ricevuto: 18 mar 2020
Accettato: 08 dic 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2021-0003
Parole chiave
© 2021 Bekir Kocazeybek., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Results of single-step in-house PCR and nested-PCR. Lane 1: Negative control; lane 2: ATCC BA847 H. cinaedi positive control; lane 3-8: positive samples for H. cinaedi DNA, ~359 bp; lane 9: Size marker 100 bp ladder
Results of single-step in-house PCR and nested-PCR. Lane 1: Negative control; lane 2: ATCC BA847 H. cinaedi positive control; lane 3-8: positive samples for H. cinaedi DNA, ~359 bp; lane 9: Size marker 100 bp ladder

The demographical characteristics of the patient and control groups

Variables Patient Group (n: 129) Control Group (n: 146) p
Age (mean ± SD) 61.24 ± 8.345 63.55 ± 7.92 >0.05
F 35 (27.1%) 36 (24.7%) >0.05
Gender
M 94 (72.9%) 110 (75.3%) >0.05
Yes 50 (38.8%) 53 (36.3%) >0.05
Smoking
No 79 (61.2%) 93 (63.7%) >0.05
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) 194.63 ± 53.71 220.54 ± 47 0.0001
Triglyceride (mg/dL) 142.38 ± 106.59 148.29 ± 110.03 0.651
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) 51.06 ± 17.44 47.95 ± 18.16 0.149
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) 112.14 ± 40.24 130.23 ± 42.05 0.0001
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) 107.49 ± 23.49 107.74 ± 27.09 0.936
H. cinaedi 6 (4.65%) 0 (0%) 0.010

Results of logistic regressions according to the variables in the patient group

B S.E. Wald df Sig. OR 95% C.I.
Lower Upper
Age 0.041 0.017 5.753 1 0.016 1.042 1.008 1.078
Gender (male) 0.001 0.153 0.000 1 0.997 1.001 0.742 1.349
Total (≥200 Cholesterol mg/dL) 0.615 0.151 16.470 1 0.000 1.849 1.374 2.488
(≥Triglyceride 150 mg/dL) 0.071 0.147 0.230 1 0.632 1.073 0.804 1.432
High-density (≥50 mg/lipoprotein dL) -0.295 0.143 4.273 1 0.039 0.745 0.563 0.985
Low-density (≥100 mg/lipoprotein dL) 0.193 0.165 1.371 1 0.242 1.213 0.878 1.676
Fasting (≥125 Blood mg/dL) Sugar -0.160 0.176 0.831 1 0.362 0.852 0.604 1.202
H. cinaedi presence 10.769 7720.80 0.000 1 0.999 47527 0.000
Constant 7.824 7720.80 0.000 1 0.999 2499.6

Comparison of patient and control groups for various variables

Variables Patient Group Control Group χ2 p OR %95 CI
Min Max
Smoking 50 53 0.177 0.674 1.11 0.681 1.811
Total* (≥200 Cholesterol mg/dL) 96 64 26.32 0.001 3.727 2.231 6.226
Triglyceride* (≥150 mg/dL) 41 22 0.296 0.587 1.154 0.689 1.932
High-density* (≥50 mg/lipoprotein dL) 80 103 2.240 0.135 0.682 0.412 1.127
Low-density* (≥100 mg/lipoprotein dL) 102 92 8.497 0.004 2.217 1.291 3.809
Fasting (≥125 blood* mg/dL) sugar 20 29 0.889 0.346 0.740 0.396 1.385
H. cinaedi presence** 6 0 - 0.010 - 0.401 0.521

Primers used in the nested-PCR method [5]

Sequences (5’-3’) Product size
H.cinaedi 1F: GGA GCT GTG AGT GTG CTG 1R: AAA TGA CCG ACA CGA GCT G 659 bp
H. cinaedi (nested PCR) 2F: GGA TTT AGG CTC TCG CTC TCG TCC GGA TAT 2R: ATC GCC GTC CTT ACT CGC GTC TCC AA ATTA 359 bp
Beta-globin F: ACA CAA CTG TGT TCA CTA GC R: GGA AAA TAG ACC AAT AGG CTG 251 bp
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