Study on the Evolution of Genetic Resources of Domestic Animals in Romania

The paper proposes the identification of animal breeds at risk of abandonment and the analysis of animal genetic resources from the perspective of the evolution of total herds and genetic quality determination programs.

Data from the National Institute of Statistics show that in the period 2015–2022, Romania recorded a decline in the total livestock of cattle (−12.34%) and pigs (−32.44%) and slight increases in the total sheep and goats. On the other hand, the National Agency for Animal Husbandry indicates significant decreases in the number of breeding females, both in cattle (−14.7%) and pigs (−32.5%). Within the 4 species of animals analysed (cattle, sheep, goats and pigs), 14 breeds in danger of abandonment were identified, generally native breeds with lower production potential than that of improved breeds. For the identified animal breeds, genetic quality determination programs have been approved, which are implemented by animal breeders’ associations accredited for the establishment and management of Genealogical Registries.

Maintaining the genetic diversity of local breeds in danger of abandonment can contribute to the diversification of existing populations, to restoring the vitality of selected lines, to increasing the productivity and disease resistance of animals.