<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of a simple, easy-to-use cognitive screening test in the pharmaceutical care of elderly patients (aged 60 years and over) in community pharmacies and to test whether cognitive decline is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Current research has reported the increasing prevalence of MetS with age and indicated a link between cardiovascular risk factors and impairment of cognitive functions. We hypothesized that the short cognitive test realised in pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies could help identify risk groups of patients with potential cognitive decline. Because of the increasing pressure on primary care, collaboration between community pharmacists and general practitioners is essential, especially in preventive programmes and regarding chronically ill patients.
The study included 222 elderly patients aged 60 years and over reached between February 2018 and February 2019 in 16 community pharmacies in Slovakia. Criteria for the classification of MetS were used, following the International Diabetes Federation Worldwide Definition of MetS (2005) for European populations. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Slovak version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The scale range of the MoCA test is 0–30 points, and the cut-off for cognitive impairment is ≤ 24 points.
Our outcomes show that the presence of metabolic syndrome only slightly contributes to the impairment of cognitive functions of patients receiving routine pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies. Cognitive assessment might be an important tool for identifying risk groups of patients that would benefit from a specific approach within the framework of pharmaceutical care.
</abstract>

The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of a simple, easy-to-use cognitive screening test in the pharmaceutical care of elderly patients (aged 60 years and over) in community pharmacies and to test whether cognitive decline is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Current research has reported the increasing prevalence of MetS with age and indicated a link between cardiovascular risk factors and impairment of cognitive functions. We hypothesized that the short cognitive test realised in pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies could help identify risk groups of patients with potential cognitive decline. Because of the increasing pressure on primary care, collaboration between community pharmacists and general practitioners is essential, especially in preventive programmes and regarding chronically ill patients.
The study included 222 elderly patients aged 60 years and over reached between February 2018 and February 2019 in 16 community pharmacies in Slovakia. Criteria for the classification of MetS were used, following the International Diabetes Federation Worldwide Definition of MetS (2005) for European populations. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Slovak version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The scale range of the MoCA test is 0–30 points, and the cut-off for cognitive impairment is ≤ 24 points.
Our outcomes show that the presence of metabolic syndrome only slightly contributes to the impairment of cognitive functions of patients receiving routine pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies. Cognitive assessment might be an important tool for identifying risk groups of patients that would benefit from a specific approach within the framework of pharmaceutical care.

Short cognitive screening in elderlies as a part of advanced pharmaceutical care in Slovak community pharmacies - The pilot study KOGNIMET-SK

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy

Hospital Pharmacy, Nemocnica AGEL Košice-Šaca a.s.

Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin

Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy

Department of Organisation and Management of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy

European Pharmaceutical Journal

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of a simple, easy-to-use cognitive screening test in the pharmaceutical care of elderly patients (aged...

	MoCA score ± SD		p value	MoCA score ± SD		p value
	All		p value	MoCA score ± SD		p value
MetS components	Presence	Absence		Male	Female
Abdominal obesity	23.6 ± 3.4	24.5 ± 3.6	0.061	24.1 ± 3.2	23.3 ± 3.5	0.243
Hypertension	23.6 ± 3.6	24.9 ± 3.1	<0.05	23.7 ± 3.3	23.5 ± 3.8	0.774
Dyslipidaemias	23.5 ± 3.7	24.2 ± 3.4	0.227	25.7 ± 1.2	23.3 ± 4.0	0.251
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	23.6 ± 3.2	24.0 ± 3.6	0.500	24.5 ± 2.7	22.8 ± 3.5	0.149

Characteristics
Participants number	222
Age, mean (SD)	69 ± 6.3
Female, N (%)	141 (64)
Male, N (%)	81 (36)
Abdominal obesity, N (%)	134 (60)
Hypertension, N (%)	151 (68)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, N (%)	31 (14)
Dyslipidaemias, N (%)	57 (26)
sMetS according to IDF 2006, N (%)	42 (19)
Smoking, N (%)	32 (14)
Sedentary lifestyle, N (%)	90 (41)
MoCA score, mean (SD)	24.0 (3.5)
MoCA score ≤ 24, N (%)	91 (41)

Short cognitive screening in elderlies as a part of advanced pharmaceutical care in Slovak community pharmacies - The pilot study KOGNIMET-SK

Article Category: Original Paper

Pubblicato online: 24 giu 2022

Pagine: 37 - 42

Ricevuto: 14 feb 2022

Accettato: 03 mag 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2022-0005

Parole chiave
metabolic syndrome, cognitive impairment, elderly, pharmaceutical service, community pharmacy

© 2022 Mačeková Z. et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

MoCA mean score with presence or absence of individual MetS components.

Baseline characteristics of study cohort.

Short cognitive screening in elderlies as a part of advanced pharmaceutical care in Slovak community pharmacies - The pilot study KOGNIMET-SK

Article Category: Original Paper

Pubblicato online: 24 giu 2022

Pagine: 37 - 42

Ricevuto: 14 feb 2022

Accettato: 03 mag 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2022-0005

Parole chiavemetabolic syndrome, cognitive impairment, elderly, pharmaceutical service, community pharmacy

© 2022 Mačeková Z. et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

MoCA mean score with presence or absence of individual MetS components.

Baseline characteristics of study cohort.

Parole chiave
metabolic syndrome, cognitive impairment, elderly, pharmaceutical service, community pharmacy