Comparative efficacy and safety of vedolizumab and antitumor necrosis factor alfa in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A meta‑analysis

1 J. Torres, S. Mehandru, J. F. Colombel and L. Peyrin-Biroulet, Crohn’s disease, Lancet 389(10080) (2017) 1741–1755; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31711-1 Search in Google Scholar

2 R. Ungaro, S. Mehandru, P. B. Allen, L. Peyrin-Biroulet and J. F. Colombel, Ulcerative colitis, Lancet 389(10080) (2017) 1756–1770; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32126-2 Search in Google Scholar

3 S. C. Ng, H. Y. Shi, N. Hamidi, F. E. Underwood, W. Tang, E. I. Benchimol, R. Panaccione, S. Ghosh, J. C. Y. Wu, F. K. L. Chan, J. J. Y. Sung and G. G. Kaplan, Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: A systematic review of population-based studies, Lancet 390(10114) (2017) 2769–2778; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(1)32448-0 Search in Google Scholar

4 S. Flynn and S. Eisenstein, Inflammatory bowel disease presentation and diagnosis, Surg. Clin. North Am. 99(6) (2019) 1051–1062; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2019.08.001 Search in Google Scholar

5 L. Wang, Z. Jiang, M. Wang, F. Liu and L. Bai, Efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Chin. J. Gastroenter. 27 (2022) 32–38. Search in Google Scholar

6 G. Cui, Q. Fan, Z. Li, R. Goll and J. Florholmen, Evaluation of anti-TNF therapeutic response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Current and novel biomarkers, EBioMedicine 66 (2021) Article ID 103329 (9 pages); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103329 Search in Google Scholar

7 L. Peyrin-Biroulet, P. Arkkila, A. Armuzzi, S. Danese, J. Guardiola, J. Jahnsen, C. Lees, E. Louis, M. Lukáš, W. Reinisch, X. Roblin, M. Jang, H. G. Byun, D.-H. Kim, S. J. Lee and R. Atreya, Comparative efficacy and safety of infliximab and vedolizumab therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis, BMC Gastroenterol. 22(1) (2022) Article ID 291 (16 pages); https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-022-02347-1 Search in Google Scholar

8 V. Billioud, A. C. Ford, E. D. Tedesco, J. F. Colombel, X. Roblin and L. Peyrin-Biroulet, Preoperative use of anti-TNF therapy and postoperative complications in inflammatory bowel diseases: A meta-analysis, J. Crohns Colitis 7(11) (2013) 853–867; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2013.01.014 Search in Google Scholar

9 G. Mocci, M. Marzo, A. Papa, A. Armuzzi and L. Guidi, Dermatological adverse reactions during anti-TNF treatments: Focus on inflammatory bowel disease, J. Crohns Colitis 7(10) (2013) 769–779; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2013.01.009 Search in Google Scholar

10 B. Qiu, J. X. Liang and C. Li, Efficacy and safety of vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Medicine (Baltimore) 101(40) (2022) e30590; https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000030590 Search in Google Scholar

11 C. A. Lamb, N. A. Kennedy, T. Raine, P. A. Hendy, P. J. Smith, J. K. Limdi, B. Hayee, M. C. E. Lomer, G. C. Parkes, C. Selinger, K. J. Barrett, R. J. Davies, C. Bennett, S. Gittens, M. G. Dunlop, O. Faiz, A. Fraser, V. Garrick, P. D. Johnston, M. Parkes, J. Sanderson, H. Terry, D. R. Gaya, T. H. Iqbal, S. A. Taylor, M. Smith, M. Brookes, R. Hansen and A. B. Hawthorne, British society of gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults, Gut 68(Suppl. 3) (2019) s1-s106; https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318484 Search in Google Scholar

12 G. D. Hahn, J. F. LeBlanc, P. A. Golovics, P. Wetwittayakhlang, A. Qatomah, A. Wang, L. Boodaghians, J. Liu Chen Kiow, M. Al Ali, G. Wild, W. Afif, A. Bitton, P. L. Lakatos and T. Bessissow, Effectiveness, safety, and drug sustainability of biologics in elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective study, World J. Gastroenterol. 28(33) (2022) 4823–4833; https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i33.4823 Search in Google Scholar

13 R. Sablich, M. T. Urbano, M. Scarpa, F. Scognamiglio, A. Paviotti and E. Savarino, Vedolizumab is superior to infliximab in biologic naïve patients with ulcerative colitis, Sci. Rep. 13(1) (2023) Article ID 1816 (10 pages); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28907-3 Search in Google Scholar

14 L. Shamseer, D. Moher, M. Clarke, D. Ghersi, A. Liberati, M. Petticrew, P. Shekelle and L. A. Stewart, Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: Elaboration and explanation, BMJ 350 (2015) g7647 (25 pages); https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g7647 Search in Google Scholar

15 A. Stang, Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses, Eur. J. Epidemiol. 25(9) (2010) 603–605; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z Search in Google Scholar

16 A. R. Jadad, R. A. Moore, D. Carroll, C. Jenkinson, D. J. M. Reynolds, D. J. Gavaghan and H. J. Mc-Quay, Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?, Control. Clin. Trials 17(1) (1996) 1–12; https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4 Search in Google Scholar

17 X. Chen, M. Lu, W. Xu, X. Wang, M. Xue, J. Dai, Z. Zhang and G. Chen, Treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures with elastic stable intramedullary nails versus external fixation: A meta-analysis, Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. 106(7) (2020) 1305–1311; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2020.06.012 Search in Google Scholar

18 J. A. C. Sterne, A. J. Sutton, J. P. A. Ioannidis, N. Terrin, D. R. Jones, J. Lau, J. Carpenter, G. Rücker, R. M. Harbord, C. H. Schmid, J. Tetzlaff, J. J. Deeks, J. Peters, P. Macaskill, G. Schwarzer, S. Duval, D. G. Altman, D. Moher and J. P. Higgins, Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials, BMJ 343 (2011) Article ID d4002 (8 pages); https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4002 Search in Google Scholar

19 T. Adar, D. Faleck, S. Sasidharan, K. Cushing, N. Z. Borren, N. Nalagatla, R. Ungaro, W. Sy, S. C. Owen, A. Patel, B. L. Cohen and A. N. Ananthakrishnan, Comparative safety and effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor α antagonists and vedolizumab in elderly ibd patients: A multicentre study, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 49(7) (2019) 873–879; https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15177 Search in Google Scholar

20 C. Allamneni, K. Venkata, H. Yun, F. Xie, L. DeLoach and T. A. Malik, Comparative effectiveness of vedolizumab vs. Infliximab induction therapy in ulcerative colitis: Experience of a real-world cohort at a tertiary inflammatory bowel disease center, Gastroenterol. Res. 11(1) (2018) 41–45; https://doi.org/10.14740/gr934w Search in Google Scholar

21 M. Bohm, R. Xu, Y. Zhang, S. Varma, M. Fischer, G. Kochhar, B. Boland, S. Singh, R. Hirten, R. Ungaro, E. Shmidt, K. Lasch, V. Jairaith, D. Hudesman, S. Chang, D. Lukin, A. Swaminath, B. E. Sands, J. F. Colombel, S. Kane, E. V. Loftus, Jr., B. Shen, C. A. Siegel, W. J. Sandborn and P. S. Dulai, Comparative safety and effectiveness of vedolizumab to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapy for Crohn’s disease, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 52(4) (2020) 669–681; https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15921 Search in Google Scholar

22 B. Bokemeyer, S. Plachta-Danielzik, R. di Giuseppe, P. Efken, W. Mohl, M. Hoffstadt, T. Krause, A. Schweitzer, E. Schnoy, R. Atreya, N. Teich, L. Trentmann, R. Ehehalt, P. Hartmann and S. Schreiber, Real-world effectiveness of vedolizumab vs anti-TNF in biologic-naïve Crohn’s disease patients: A 2-year propensity-score-adjusted analysis from the VEDOIBD-study, Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 30(5) (2024) 746–756; https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izad138 Search in Google Scholar

23 B. Bokemeyer, S. Plachta-Danielzik, R. di Giuseppe, P. Efken, W. Mohl, T. Krause, M. Hoffstadt, R. Ehehalt, L. Trentmann, A. Schweitzer, P. Jessen, P. Hartmann and S. Schreiber, Real-world effectiveness of vedolizumab compared to anti-TNF agents in biologic-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis: A two-year propensity-score-adjusted analysis from the prospective, observational VEDO(IBD) -study, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 58(4) (2023) 429–442; https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17616 Search in Google Scholar

24 B. Bressler, A. Yarur, M. S. Silverberg, M. Bassel, E. Bellaguarda, C. Fourment, A. Gatopoulou, P. Karatzas, U. Kopylov, G. Michalopoulos, S. Michopoulos, U. Navaneethan, D. T. Rubin, J. Siffledeen, A. Singh, K. Soufleris, D. Stein, D. Demuth and G. J. Mantzaris, Vedolizumab and anti-tumour necrosis factor α real-world outcomes in biologic-naïve inflammatory bowel disease patients: Results from the evolve study, J. Crohns Colitis 15(10) (2021) 1694–1706; https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab058 Search in Google Scholar

25 A. Cassinotti, N. Mezzina, A. De Silvestri, D. Di Paolo, M. V. Lenti, C. Bezzio, D. Stradella, M. Mauri, V. Zadro, C. Ricci, V. Casini, E. Radice, A. Massari, G. Maconi, S. Saibeni, F. Caprioli, R. Tari, M. Fichera, C. C. Cortelezzi, M. Parravicini, C. Tinelli, P. A. Testoni, F. Pace, S. Segato, P. Invernizzi, P. Occhipinti, G. Manes, A. Di Sabatino, L. Pastorelli, M. Vecchi and S. Ardizzone, Continuous clinical remission with biologics in ulcerative colitis: The ‘aurora’ comparison study, Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 34(12) (2022) 1238–1246; https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002443 Search in Google Scholar

26 R. S. Dalal, E. L. McClure, J. Marcus and J. R. Allegretti, Comparative long-term drug survival of vedolizumab, adalimumab, and infliximab in biologic-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis, Dig. Dis. Sci. 68(1) (2023) 223–232; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-022-07472-1 Search in Google Scholar

27 F. D’Amico, L. Massimino, G. Palmieri, A. Dal Buono, R. Gabbiadini, B. Caron, P. Moreira, I. Silva, M. Bosca-Watts, T. Innocenti, G. Dragoni, C. Bezzio, A. Zilli, F. Furfaro, S. Saibeni, M. Chaparro, M. J. García, G. Michalopoulos, N. Viazis, G. J. Mantzaris, P. Ellul, J. P. Gisbert, F. Magro, L. Peyrin-Biroulet, A. Armuzzi, F. Ungaro, S. Danese, G. Fiorino and M. Allocca, An international multicentre study of switching from intravenous to subcutaneous infliximab and vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel diseases: The time study, Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 54(11) (2024) e14283; https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.14283 Search in Google Scholar

28 R. Davis, P. McParland, S. Dodd, D. Storey, C. Probert, P. Collins, T. Skouras, A. Steel, E. Derbyshire, M. Dibb and S. Subramanian, Comparative effectiveness of antitumour necrosis factor agents and vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis, Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 31(6) (2019) 661–667; https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000001395 Search in Google Scholar

29 A. Favale, S. Onali, F. Caprioli, D. Pugliese, A. Armuzzi, F. S. Macaluso, A. Orlando, A. Viola, W. Fries, A. Rispo, F. Castiglione, G. Mocci, F. Chicco, P. Usai, E. Calabrese, L. Biancone, G. Monteleone and M. C. Fantini, Comparative efficacy of vedolizumab and adalimumab in ulcerative colitis patients previously treated with infliximab, Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 25(11) (2019) 1805–1812; https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izz057 Search in Google Scholar

30 A.-L. Gagnon, W. Beauchesne, L. Tessier, C. David, D. Berbiche, A. Lavoie, A. Michaud-Herbst and K. Tremblay, Adalimumab, infliximab, and vedolizumab in treatment of ulcerative colitis: A long-term retrospective study in a tertiary referral center, Crohn’s Colitis 360 3(4) (2021) Article ID otab049 (9 pages); https://doi.org/10.1093/crocol/otab049 Search in Google Scholar

31 Z. Huang, J. Tang, R. Wu, S. Long, W. Chen, T. Lu, Q. Xia, Y. Wu, H. Yang, Q. Yang, Z. Huang, Q. Guo, M. Li, X. Gao and K. Chao, Comparison of clinical and endoscopic efficacy between vedolizumab and infliximab in bio-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis: A multicenter, real-world study, Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol. 17 (2024) 1–13; https://doi.org/10.1177/17562848241281218 Search in Google Scholar

32 M. Hupé, P. Rivière, S. Nancey, X. Roblin, R. Altwegg, J. Filippi, M. Fumery, G. Bouguen, L. Peyrin-Biroulet, A. Bourreille, L. Caillo, M. Simon, F. Goutorbe and D. Laharie, Comparative efficacy and safety of vedolizumab and infliximab in ulcerative colitis after failure of a first subcutaneous anti-TNF agent: A multicentre cohort study, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 51(9) (2020) 852–860; https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15680 Search in Google Scholar

33 T. Innocenti, J. Roselli, E. N. Lynch, P. Apolito, L. Parisio, S. Bagnoli, G. Macrì, F. Rogai, M. Tarocchi, S. Milani, A. Galli, M. Milla and G. Dragoni, Infectious risk of vedolizumab compared with other biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 33(1S) (2021) e574–e579; https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002166 Search in Google Scholar

34 M. J. Kim, Y. J. Kim, D. Jeong, S. Kim, S. Hong, S. H. Park and K. W. Jo, Comparative risk of serious infections and tuberculosis in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with non-anti-TNF biologics or anti-TNF-α agents: A nationwide population-based cohort study, Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol. 17 (2024) 1–14; https://doi.org/10.1177/17562848241265013 Search in Google Scholar

35 M. D. Long, T. W. Smith, M. Dibonaventura, D. Gruben, D. Bargo, L. Salese and D. Quirk, Real-world effectiveness of advanced therapies among patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis in the United States, Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 26(6) (2020) 941–948; https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izz204 Search in Google Scholar

36 D. Lukin, D. Faleck, R. Xu, Y. Zhang, A. Weiss, S. Aniwan, S. Kadire, G. Tran, M. Rahal, A. Winters, S. Chablaney, J. L. Koliani-Pace, J. Meserve, J. P. Campbell, G. Kochhar, M. Bohm, S. Varma, M. Fischer, B. Boland, S. Singh, R. Hirten, R. Ungaro, K. Lasch, E. Shmidt, V. Jairath, D. Hudesman, S. Chang, A. Swaminath, B. Shen, S. Kane, E. V. Loftus, Jr., B. E. Sands, J. F. Colombel, C. A. Siegel, W. J. Sandborn and P. S. Dulai, Comparative safety and effectiveness of vedolizumab to tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy for ulcerative colitis, Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20(1) (2022) 126–135; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.003 Search in Google Scholar

37 F. S. Macaluso, M. Ventimiglia, W. Fries, A. Viola, M. Cappello, B. Scrivo, A. Magnano, D. Pluchino, S. Camilleri, S. Garufi, R. D. Mitri, F. Mocciaro, G. Magrì, C. Ferracane, M. Citrano, F. Graziano, C. Bertolami, S. Renna, R. Orlando, G. Rizzuto, M. Cottone and A. Orlando, A propensity score weighted comparison of vedolizumab, adalimumab, and golimumab in patients with ulcerative colitis, Dig. Liver Dis. 52(12) (2020) 1461–1466; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.06.014 Search in Google Scholar

38 F. S. Macaluso, M. Ventimiglia, W. Fries, A. Viola, A. Sitibondo, M. Cappello, B. Scrivo, A. Busacca, A. C. Privitera, S. Camilleri, S. Garufi, R. Di Mitri, F. Mocciaro, N. Belluardo, E. Giangreco, C. Bertolami, S. Renna, R. Orlando, G. Rizzuto, M. Cottone and A. Orlando, A propensity score weighted comparison of vedolizumab and adalimumab in Crohn’s disease, J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 36(1) (2021) 105–111; https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15107 Search in Google Scholar

39 R. P. Meng, B. B. Huang, Y. L. Wei, L. Lyu, H. Yang, C. Liu, H. L. Zhou, X. P. Liao, J. Y. Zhou and X. Xie, Effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab and infliximab in biologic-naïve patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study, J. Dig. Dis. 25(4) (2024) 230–237; https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-2980.13270 Search in Google Scholar

40 A. Moens, B. Verstockt, D. Alsoud, J. Sabino, M. Ferrante and S. Vermeire, Translating results from varsity to real world: Adalimumab vs vedolizumab as first-line biological in moderate to severe IBD, Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 28(8) (2022) 1135–1142; https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izab257 Search in Google Scholar

41 B. S. Pabla, C. Alex Wiles, J. C. Slaughter, E. A. Scoville, R. L. Dalal, D. B. Beaulieu, D. A. Schwartz and S. N. Horst, Safety and efficacy of vedolizumab versus tumor necrosis factor α antagonists in an elderly ibd population: A single institution retrospective experience, Dig. Dis. Sci. 67(7) (2022) 3129–3137; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-021-07129-5 Search in Google Scholar

42 H. Patel, D. Latremouille-Viau, R. Burne, S. Shi and S. Adsul, Comparison of real-world treatment outcomes with vedolizumab versus infliximab in biologic-naive patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s Colitis 360 1(2) (2019) Article ID otz022 (9 pages); https://doi.org/10.1093/crocol/otz022 Search in Google Scholar

43 R. Roberti, L. F. Iannone, C. Palleria, C. De Sarro, R. Spagnuolo, M. A. Barbieri, A. Vero, A. Manti, V. Pisana, W. Fries, G. Trifirò, M. D. Naturale, T. Larussa, A. E. De Francesco, V. Bosco, E. Donato di Paola, R. Citraro, F. Luzza, L. Bennardo, S. Rodinò, P. Doldo, E. Spina, E. Russo and G. De Sarro, Safety profiles of biologic agents for inflammatory bowel diseases: A prospective pharmacovigi-lance study in southern italy, Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 36(9) (2020) 1457–1463; https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2020.1786681 Search in Google Scholar

44 B. E. Sands, L. Peyrin-Biroulet, E. V. Loftus, Jr., S. Danese, J. F. Colombel, M. Törüner, L. Jonaitis, B. Abhyankar, J. Chen, R. Rogers, R. A. Lirio, J. D. Bornstein and S. Schreiber, Vedolizumab versus adalimumab for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, N. Engl. J. Med. 381(13) (2019) 1215–1226; https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1905725 Search in Google Scholar

45 M. Shehab, A. Alfadhli, I. Abdullah, W. Alostad, A. Marei and F. Alrashed, Effectiveness of biologic therapies in achieving treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease; real-world data from the Middle East (ENROLL study), Front. Pharmacol. 15 (2024) Article ID 1388043 (8 pages); https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1388043 Search in Google Scholar

46 S. Singh, A. T. Iversen, K. H. Allin and T. Jess, Comparative outcomes and safety of vedolizumab vs tumor necrosis factor antagonists for older adults with inflammatory bowel diseases, JAMA Netw. Open 5(9) (2022) e2234200; https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.34200 Search in Google Scholar

47 M. Tallarico, C. Palleria, L. Ruffolo, R. Spagnuolo, M. D. Naturale, A. E. De Francesco, C. De Sarro, R. Romeo, R. Citraro, P. Doldo, L. Abenavoli, L. Gallelli, F. Luzza, A. Leo and G. De Sarro, Biologics for inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice: A Calabria (Southern Italy) prospective pharmacovigilance study, Pharmaceutics 14(11) (2022) Article ID 2449 (11 pages); https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112449 Search in Google Scholar

48 K. Wagner, T. M. Müller, F. Vitali, S. Fischer, S. Haberkamp, R. Rouse-Merkel, R. Atreya, M. F. Neurath and S. Zundler, Treatment trajectories and outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease: a tertiary single--centre experience, Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol. 17 (2024) 1–14; https://doi.org/10.1177/17562848241284051 Search in Google Scholar

49 C. Guo, K. Wu, X. Liang, Y. Liang and R. Li, Infliximab clinically treating ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Pharmacol. Res. 148 (2019) Article ID 104455; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104455 Search in Google Scholar

50 E. V. Loftus, Jr., B. G. Feagan, R. Panaccione, J. F. Colombel, W. J. Sandborn, B. E. Sands, S. Danese, G. D’Haens, D. T. Rubin, I. Shafran, A. Parfionovas, R. Rogers, R. A. Lirio and S. Vermeire, Long-term safety of vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel disease, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 52(8) (2020) 1353–1365; https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16060 Search in Google Scholar

51 A. Cholapranee, G. S. Hazlewood, G. G. Kaplan, L. Peyrin-Biroulet and A. N. Ananthakrishnan, Systematic review with meta-analysis: Comparative efficacy of biologics for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis controlled trials, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 45(10) (2017) 1291–1302; https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14030 Search in Google Scholar

52 V. Jairath, K. Chan, K. Lasch, S. Keeping, C. Agboton, A. Blake and H. Patel, Integrating efficacy and safety of vedolizumab compared with other advanced therapies to assess net clinical benefit of ulcerative colitis treatments: A network meta-analysis, Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15(6) (2021) 711–722; https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2021.1880319 Search in Google Scholar

53 S. Singh, M. Fumery, W. J. Sandborn and M. H. Murad, Systematic review with network meta--analysis: First- and second-line pharmacotherapy for moderate-severe ulcerative colitis, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 47(2) (2018) 162–175; https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14422 Search in Google Scholar

54 M. E. de Jong, L. J. T. Smits, B. van Ruijven, N. den Broeder, M. G. V. M. Russel, T. E. H. Römkens, R. L. West, J. M. Jansen and F. Hoentjen (on behalf of IBDREAM), Increased discontinuation rates of anti-TNF therapy in elderly inflammatory bowel disease patients, J. Crohn’s Colitis 14(7) (2020) 888–895; https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa012 Search in Google Scholar

55 C. Harris and J. R. F. Cummings, JAK1 inhibition and inflammatory bowel disease, Rheumatology (Oxford) 60(Suppl. 2) (2021) ii45–ii51; https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa896 Search in Google Scholar

56 W. J. Sandborn, S. Vermeire, L. Peyrin-Biroulet, M. C. Dubinsky, J. Panes, A. Yarur, T. Ritter, F. Baert, S. Schreiber, S. Sloan, F. Cataldi, K. Shan, C. J. Rabbat, M. Chiorean, D. C. Wolf, B. E. Sands, G. D’Haens, S. Danese, M. Goetsch and B. G. Feagan, Etrasimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (elevate): Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies, Lancet 401(10383) (2023) 1159–1171; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00061-2 Search in Google Scholar

57 Z. Tian, Q. Zhao and X. Teng, Anti-IL23/12 agents and JAK inhibitors for inflammatory bowel disease, Front. Immunol. 15 (2024) Article ID 1393463 (8 pages); https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393463 Search in Google Scholar