<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p><italic>Mycobacterium (M.) abscessus</italic>, a highly pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterium, is responsible for several clinical manifestations. A very frequent occurrence is proven in patient with various lung diseases. Furthermore, it can result in complications such as skin and soft tissue diseases, central nervous system infections, bacteremia, eye infections, and others. <italic>M. abscessus</italic> is a clinical contraindication in cystic fibrosis patients awaiting a lung transplant, as it can exacerbate disease progression. Its pathogenicity and the emergence of resistance are influenced by factors including the composition of the cell envelope, rough and smooth <italic>M. abscessus</italic> morphotypes, efflux pumps, antibiotic-modifying/inactivating enzymes, and genetic polymorphisms in target genes. Management of the infection requires multicomponent therapy due to the high level of resistance. The following antibiotics are recommended according to the guidelines from the year 2017: amikacin, tigecycline, and imipenem with a macrolide. In order to properly manage patients with <italic>M. abscessus</italic> infection, correct identification of the subspecies as well as determination of resistance is essential. To achieve this goal, molecular-genetic techniques, such as whole-genome sequencing, are becoming increasingly favored in modern clinical practice. In this review, we provide up-to-date information on the issue of infections caused by non-tuberculous <italic>M. abscessus</italic>. We focus on its characteristics, possible infectious diseases, cystic fibrosis, and resistance, as well as the benefits of whole-genome sequencing.</p>
</abstract>

Mycobacterium (M.) abscessus, a highly pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterium, is responsible for several clinical manifestations. A very frequent occurrence is proven in patient with various lung diseases. Furthermore, it can result in complications such as skin and soft tissue diseases, central nervous system infections, bacteremia, eye infections, and others. M. abscessus is a clinical contraindication in cystic fibrosis patients awaiting a lung transplant, as it can exacerbate disease progression. Its pathogenicity and the emergence of resistance are influenced by factors including the composition of the cell envelope, rough and smooth M. abscessus morphotypes, efflux pumps, antibiotic-modifying/inactivating enzymes, and genetic polymorphisms in target genes. Management of the infection requires multicomponent therapy due to the high level of resistance. The following antibiotics are recommended according to the guidelines from the year 2017: amikacin, tigecycline, and imipenem with a macrolide. In order to properly manage patients with M. abscessus infection, correct identification of the subspecies as well as determination of resistance is essential. To achieve this goal, molecular-genetic techniques, such as whole-genome sequencing, are becoming increasingly favored in modern clinical practice. In this review, we provide up-to-date information on the issue of infections caused by non-tuberculous M. abscessus. We focus on its characteristics, possible infectious diseases, cystic fibrosis, and resistance, as well as the benefits of whole-genome sequencing.

Mycobacterium Abscessus – Diagnostic and Therapeutic Frontiers in Infection Management

Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin

Acta Medica Martiniana

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Mycobacterium (M.) abscessus, a highly pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterium, is responsible for several clinical manifestations. A very frequent occurrence...

Deletion of gene	Increased susceptibility to antibiotic
AAC(2 ′ )	kanamycin B, tobramycin, dibekacin, and gentamicin C
Eis2	capreomycin, hygromycin B, amikacin, and kanamycin
Eis1	no affect on drug susceptibility

Year duration	Increase in cases per 100 people
from the early 1980s to 2013	from 2.4 to 15.2
1997–2007 among the elderly population (>65 years)	from 20 to 47
1995–2006	from 0.9 to 2.9

Mycobacterium Abscessus – Diagnostic and Therapeutic Frontiers in Infection Management

Pubblicato online: 31 dic 2023

Pagine: 84 - 93

Ricevuto: 11 nov 2023

Accettato: 08 dic 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acm-2023-0012

Parole chiave
Mycobacterium abscessus, resistance, whole-genome sequencing

© 2023 Simona Masiarova et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Enhanced susceptibility of NTM to aminoglycosides through gene deletion (39)

An overview of the increase in NTM cases in United States (7)

Mycobacterium Abscessus – Diagnostic and Therapeutic Frontiers in Infection Management

Pubblicato online: 31 dic 2023

Pagine: 84 - 93

Ricevuto: 11 nov 2023

Accettato: 08 dic 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acm-2023-0012

Parole chiaveMycobacterium abscessus, resistance, whole-genome sequencing

© 2023 Simona Masiarova et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Enhanced susceptibility of NTM to aminoglycosides through gene deletion (39)

An overview of the increase in NTM cases in United States (7)

Parole chiave
Mycobacterium abscessus, resistance, whole-genome sequencing