The rostral epidural rete mirabile of the llama as a place of retrograde transport of various substances – anatomical basics

1 Hayward J, Baker M. A comparative study of the role of the cerebral blood in the regulation of brain temperature in five mammals. Brain Res. 1969;16:417–40; DOI:10.1016/0006-8993(69)90236-4. HaywardJ BakerM A comparative study of the role of the cerebral blood in the regulation of brain temperature in five mammals Brain Res 1969 16 417 40 10.1016/0006-8993(69)90236-4 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2 Caputa M. Mechanizmy obrony mózgu przed przegrzaniem u człowieka i niektórych innych gatunków ssaków. Toruń: Roz UMK; 1982. CaputaM Mechanizmy obrony mózgu przed przegrzaniem u człowieka i niektórych innych gatunków ssaków Toruń Roz UMK 1982 Search in Google Scholar

3 Strauss W, Hetem R, Mitchell D, Maloney S, O’Brien H, Meyer L, Fuller A. Body water conservation through selective brain cooling by the carotid rete: a physiological feature for surviving climate change? Conserv. Physiol. 2017; 5:1–15; DOI:10.1093/conphys/cow078. StraussW HetemR MitchellD MaloneyS O’BrienH MeyerL FullerA Body water conservation through selective brain cooling by the carotid rete: a physiological feature for surviving climate change? Conserv. Physiol. 2017 5 1 15 10.1093/conphys/cow078 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4 Hetem RS, Strauss WM, Fick LG, Maloney SK, Meyer LCR, Fuller A, Shobrak M, Mitchell D. Selective brain cooling in Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx): a physiological mechanism for coping with aridity? JEB. 2012;215(22):3917–24; DOI:10.1242/jeb.074666. HetemRS StraussWM FickLG MaloneySK MeyerLCR FullerA ShobrakM MitchellD Selective brain cooling in Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx): a physiological mechanism for coping with aridity? JEB 2012 215 22 3917 24 10.1242/jeb.074666 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5 Krzymowski T, Skipor J, Grzegorzewski W. Cavernous sinus and carotid rete of sheep and sows as a possible place for countercurrent exchange of some neuropeptides and steroid hormones. Anim Rep Sci 1992;29;225–40. KrzymowskiT SkiporJ GrzegorzewskiW Cavernous sinus and carotid rete of sheep and sows as a possible place for countercurrent exchange of some neuropeptides and steroid hormones Anim Rep Sci 1992 29 225 40 10.1016/0378-4320(92)90036-D Search in Google Scholar

6 Krzymowski T, Stefańczyk-Krzymowska S, Muszak J, Gilun P, Koziorowski M. Cavernous sinus and its mysterious physiological functions: facts and hypotheses Acta Biol Crac. 2014;55/56: 7–15. KrzymowskiT Stefańczyk-KrzymowskaS MuszakJ GilunP KoziorowskiM Cavernous sinus and its mysterious physiological functions: facts and hypotheses Acta Biol Crac 2014 55/56 7 15 Search in Google Scholar

7 McKenna M, Bell S. Classification of mammals above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press; 1997. McKennaM BellS Classification of mammals above the species level New York Columbia University Press 1997 Search in Google Scholar

8 Graczyk S, Zdun M. The structure of the rostral epidural rete mirabile in selected representatives of the Cervidae and Bovidae families. Acta Zool. 2021;00, 1–6; DOI:10.1111/azo.12391. GraczykS ZdunM The structure of the rostral epidural rete mirabile in selected representatives of the Cervidae and Bovidae families Acta Zool 2021 00 1 6 10.1111/azo.12391 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9 Kiełtyka-Kurc A, Frąckowiak H, Nabzdyk M, Kowalczyk K, Zdun M, Tołkacz M. The arteries on the base of the brain in the camelids. Ital J Zool. 2014;81:215–20; DOI:10.1080/11250003.2014.901428. Kiełtyka-KurcA FrąckowiakH NabzdykM KowalczykK ZdunM TołkaczM The arteries on the base of the brain in the camelids Ital J Zool 2014 81 215 20 10.1080/11250003.2014.901428 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10 Al Aiyan A, Menon P, Al Darwich A, Almuhairi F, Alnuaimi S, Bulshawareb A, Qablan M, Shehab S. Descriptive analysis of cerebral arterial vascular architecture in dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Front Neuroanat. 2019;13:67; DOI:10.3389/fnana.2019.00067. Al AiyanA MenonP Al DarwichA AlmuhairiF AlnuaimiS BulshawarebA QablanM ShehabS Descriptive analysis of cerebral arterial vascular architecture in dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) Front Neuroanat 2019 13 67 10.3389/fnana.2019.00067 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11 Jerbi H, Khalid S, Perez W. Morphometric study of the rostral epidural rete mirabile in the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus 1758). Int J Morph. 2016;34(4):1429–35; DOI:10.4067/S0717-95022016000400042. JerbiH KhalidS PerezW Morphometric study of the rostral epidural rete mirabile in the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus 1758) Int J Morph 2016 34 4 1429 35 10.4067/S0717-95022016000400042 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12 International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature. Nomina anatomica veterinaria. 6th ed. Hannover: Editorial Committee Germany (Hanover), Belgium (Ghent), U.S.A. (Columbia), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro); 2017. International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature Nomina anatomica veterinaria 6th ed. Hannover Editorial Committee Germany (Hanover), Belgium (Ghent), U.S.A. (Columbia), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) 2017 Search in Google Scholar

13 Simoens P, Lauwers H, De Geest J, De Schaepdrijver L. Functional morphology of the cranial retia mirabilia in the domestic mammals. Schweiz Arch Tierh. 1987;129:295–307. SimoensP LauwersH De GeestJ De SchaepdrijverL Functional morphology of the cranial retia mirabilia in the domestic mammals Schweiz Arch Tierh 1987 129 295 307 Search in Google Scholar

14 Brudnicki W. Basilar arteries of the brain in domestic goat (Capra hircus). EJPAU 2000;3:2. BrudnickiW Basilar arteries of the brain in domestic goat (Capra hircus) EJPAU 2000 3 2 Search in Google Scholar

15 Dieguez G, Conde V, Gomez B, Iglesias J, Marin J, Lluch S. Rete mirabile of goat: in vitro effects of adrenergic stimulation. Brain Res. 1983;289:281–4; DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90028-8. DieguezG CondeV GomezB IglesiasJ MarinJ LluchS Rete mirabile of goat: in vitro effects of adrenergic stimulation Brain Res 1983 289 281 4 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90028-8 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16 Dieguez G, García A, Conde M, Gomez B, Santamaría L, Lluch S. In vitro studies of the carotid rete mirabile of Artiodactyla. Microvasc Res. 1987;33:143–54; DOI: 10.1016/0026-2862(87)90013-6. DieguezG GarcíaA CondeM GomezB SantamaríaL LluchS In vitro studies of the carotid rete mirabile of Artiodactyla Microvasc Res 1987 33 143 54 10.1016/0026-2862(87)90013-6 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17 Dieguez G, García-Villalón A, Gomez B, Lluch S. Hemodynamic significance of the carotid rete during changes in arterial blood pressure. Am J Physiol. 1988;254:770–5; DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.5.R770. DieguezG García-VillalónA GomezB LluchS Hemodynamic significance of the carotid rete during changes in arterial blood pressure Am J Physiol 1988 254 770 5 10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.5.R770 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18 O’Brein HD, Bourke J. Physical and computional fluid dynamics models for the hemodynamics of the artiodactyl carotid rete. J Theor Biol. 2015;386:122–31; DOI:10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.09.008. O’BreinHD BourkeJ Physical and computional fluid dynamics models for the hemodynamics of the artiodactyl carotid rete J Theor Biol 2015 386 122 31 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.09.008 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19 Strauss AM, Hetem RS, Mitchell D, Maloney SK, Meyer LCR, Fuller A. Selective Brain Cooling Reduces Water Turnover in Dehydrated Sheep. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0115514; DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0115514. StraussAM HetemRS MitchellD MaloneySK MeyerLCR FullerA Selective Brain Cooling Reduces Water Turnover in Dehydrated Sheep PLoS One 2015 10 2 e0115514 10.1371/journal.pone.0115514 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20 Grzegorzewski W, Skipor J, Wąsowska B, Krzymowski T. Counter current transfer of oxytocin from the venous blood of the perihypophyseal cavernous sinus to the arterial blood of carotid rete supplying the hypophysis and brain depends on the phase of the estrous cycle in pigs. Biol Reprod. 1995;52:139–44; DOI:10.1095/biolreprod52.1.139. GrzegorzewskiW SkiporJ WąsowskaB KrzymowskiT Counter current transfer of oxytocin from the venous blood of the perihypophyseal cavernous sinus to the arterial blood of carotid rete supplying the hypophysis and brain depends on the phase of the estrous cycle in pigs Biol Reprod 1995 52 139 44 10.1095/biolreprod52.1.139 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21 Skipor J, Wąsowska B, Grzegorzewski W, Zezula-Szpyra A, Stefańczyk-Krzymowska S, Triery J. Transfer of dopamine by counter-current mechanism in the ewes changes with endocrine stage. Biog Amin. 2001;16:431–45. SkiporJ WąsowskaB GrzegorzewskiW Zezula-SzpyraA Stefańczyk-KrzymowskaS TrieryJ Transfer of dopamine by counter-current mechanism in the ewes changes with endocrine stage Biog Amin 2001 16 431 45 Search in Google Scholar

22 Skipor J, Wąsowska B, Picard S, Thiery J. Dopamine asses to the mediane eminence and brain throughout the vascular pathway in seep. Reprod Biol. 2004;4:91–106. SkiporJ WąsowskaB PicardS ThieryJ Dopamine asses to the mediane eminence and brain throughout the vascular pathway in seep Reprod Biol 2004 4 91 106 Search in Google Scholar

23 Khamas WA, Ghoshal NG, Bal HS. Histomorphologic structure of the carotid rete-cavernous sinus complex and its functional importance in sheep (ovis aries). Am J Vet Res. 1984;45:156–8. KhamasWA GhoshalNG BalHS Histomorphologic structure of the carotid rete-cavernous sinus complex and its functional importance in sheep (ovis aries) Am J Vet Res 1984 45 156 8 Search in Google Scholar

24 Grzegorzewski W, Skipor J, Wąsowska B, Krzymowski T. Countercurrent transfer of 125I-LHRH in the perihypophyseal cavernous sinus-carotid rete vascular complex, demonstrated on isolated pig heads perfused with autologous blood. Dom Ani Endoc. 1997;14:149–60; DOI:10.1016/s0739-7240(97)00004-0. GrzegorzewskiW SkiporJ WąsowskaB KrzymowskiT Countercurrent transfer of 125I-LHRH in the perihypophyseal cavernous sinus-carotid rete vascular complex, demonstrated on isolated pig heads perfused with autologous blood Dom Ani Endoc 1997 14 149 60 10.1016/s0739-7240(97)00004-0 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25 Oren D. Humoral phototransduction: blood is messenger. Neuroscientist. 1996;2:207–10; DOI:10.1177/107385849600200408. OrenD Humoral phototransduction: blood is messenger Neuroscientist 1996 2 207 10 10.1177/107385849600200408 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26 Gilun P, Stefańczyk-Krzymowska S, Romerowicz-Misielak M, Tabęcka-Lonczynska A, Przekop F, Koziorowski M. Carbon monoxide-mediated humoral pathway for the transmission of light signal to the hypothalamus. J Phys Pharm. 2013;64:761–72. GilunP Stefańczyk-KrzymowskaS Romerowicz-MisielakM Tabęcka-LonczynskaA PrzekopF KoziorowskiM Carbon monoxide-mediated humoral pathway for the transmission of light signal to the hypothalamus J Phys Pharm 2013 64 761 72 Search in Google Scholar