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Effects of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B surface antigen in neonates and its change in vivo

Shuqi Wang
Shuqi Wang
, 
Yuting Bai
Yuting Bai
, 
Fangyuan Yuan
Fangyuan Yuan
, 
Ting Wang
Ting Wang
, 
Wenyi Luo
Wenyi Luo
, 
Can Luo
Can Luo
, 
Qiang Wang
Qiang Wang
 e 
Dongsheng Wang
Dongsheng Wang
   | 16 giu 2023
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Article Category: Original article
Pubblicato online: 16 giu 2023
Pagine: 265 - 272
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0029
Parole chiave
© 2022 Shuqi Wang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Newborn HBsAg status (black bars, positive; gray bars, negative) grouped by maternal HBsAg status. ***P < 0.01 (Fisher exact test). HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.
Newborn HBsAg status (black bars, positive; gray bars, negative) grouped by maternal HBsAg status. ***P < 0.01 (Fisher exact test). HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.

Figure 2.

The proportion of neonatal HBsAg positives (mother with negative HBsAg) at various maternal anti-HBs concentrations (solid circles, <10 IU/mL; solid squares, 10–99 IU/mL; solid triangles, ≥100 IU/mL) and with days between vaccination and blood collection. Within 7 d of vaccination, among newborns with negative anti-HBs, the proportion of those (positive rate) of HBsAg was close to or >50%, while that for mothers with low and high levels of anti-HBs was <50%. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.
The proportion of neonatal HBsAg positives (mother with negative HBsAg) at various maternal anti-HBs concentrations (solid circles, <10 IU/mL; solid squares, 10–99 IU/mL; solid triangles, ≥100 IU/mL) and with days between vaccination and blood collection. Within 7 d of vaccination, among newborns with negative anti-HBs, the proportion of those (positive rate) of HBsAg was close to or >50%, while that for mothers with low and high levels of anti-HBs was <50%. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.

Figure 3.

The proportion of neonates positive for HBsAg and the average concentration of HBsAg in neonates (gray ≤0.06 IU/mL; black bars >0.06 IU/mL) after vaccination (solid circles). Neonates continued to appear positive for HBsAg 1–8 d after vaccination; the highest proportion was found on the second day after vaccination, and then the proportion gradually decreased with time. HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen.
The proportion of neonates positive for HBsAg and the average concentration of HBsAg in neonates (gray ≤0.06 IU/mL; black bars >0.06 IU/mL) after vaccination (solid circles). Neonates continued to appear positive for HBsAg 1–8 d after vaccination; the highest proportion was found on the second day after vaccination, and then the proportion gradually decreased with time. HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen.

Figure 4.

(A) HBsAg status after various concentrations of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine were added to anti-HBs (−) serum. (B) HBsAg results after various concentrations of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine were added to anti-HBs (+) serum. When the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was not added to the serum, the HBsAg levels in both groups were ≤0.06 IU/mL. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 0.5 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, or 2 ng/mL, only 2 instances were HBsAg positive in the anti-HBs-negative group. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 5 ng/mL, the HBsAg status in the anti-HBs negative group was all positive, while the proportion of HBsAg positives in the anti-HBs-positive group was 84.6%, and the average concentration of HBsAg in the anti-HBs negative group was higher than that in the anti-HBs-positive group. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 10 ng/mL, the HBsAg status in the 2 groups was positive. Similarly, the average concentration of HBsAg in the anti-HBs negative group was higher than that in the anti-HBs-positive group. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.
(A) HBsAg status after various concentrations of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine were added to anti-HBs (−) serum. (B) HBsAg results after various concentrations of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine were added to anti-HBs (+) serum. When the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was not added to the serum, the HBsAg levels in both groups were ≤0.06 IU/mL. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 0.5 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, or 2 ng/mL, only 2 instances were HBsAg positive in the anti-HBs-negative group. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 5 ng/mL, the HBsAg status in the anti-HBs negative group was all positive, while the proportion of HBsAg positives in the anti-HBs-positive group was 84.6%, and the average concentration of HBsAg in the anti-HBs negative group was higher than that in the anti-HBs-positive group. When the concentration of vaccine in serum was 10 ng/mL, the HBsAg status in the 2 groups was positive. Similarly, the average concentration of HBsAg in the anti-HBs negative group was higher than that in the anti-HBs-positive group. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.

Figure 5.

In the anti-HBs (+) group, the correlation between HBsAg and anti-HBs was analyzed when the concentration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was 10 ng/mL. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the anti-HBs detection results in the serum without recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the HBsAg detection results after the addition of the hepatitis B vaccine. The Pearson correlation, r = −0.658, P < 0.014, indicates that the original anti-HBs concentration in the serum is negatively correlated with the HBsAg levels after adding the same amount of vaccine. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.
In the anti-HBs (+) group, the correlation between HBsAg and anti-HBs was analyzed when the concentration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was 10 ng/mL. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the anti-HBs detection results in the serum without recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the HBsAg detection results after the addition of the hepatitis B vaccine. The Pearson correlation, r = −0.658, P < 0.014, indicates that the original anti-HBs concentration in the serum is negatively correlated with the HBsAg levels after adding the same amount of vaccine. Anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen.

HBsAg and anti-HBs levels after 1417 newborns were vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine

HBsAg Number of newborns Anti-HBs
<10 mIU/mL (%) 10–99 mIU/mL (%) ≥100 mIU/mL (%)
≤ 0.06 IU/mL 1111 229 (20.6) 259 (23.3) 623 (56.1)
>0.06 IU/mL 306 204 (66.7) 69 (22.6) 33 (10.8)

HBsAg after the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was added to the serum samples

Vaccine (ng/mL) Group
Anti-HBs (−) Anti-HBs (+)
Positive number (proportion) HBsAg (IU/mL) mean (range) Positive number (proportion) HBsAg (IU/mL) mean (range)
0.5 2 (15.4%) NA 0 (0) NA
1 2 (15.4%) NA 0 (0) NA
2 2 (15.4%) NA 0 (0) NA
5 13 (100%) 0.132 (0.122–0.143)*** 11 (84.6%) 0.103 (0.079–0.111)
10 13 (100%) 2.210 (2.02–2.22)* 13 (100%) 1.87 (1.32–2.08)

HBsAg and the distribution of anti-HBs in neonates with different concentrations of anti-HBs in the mothers

Newborn Maternal anti-HBs (mIU/mL)
<10 (%) 10–99 (%) ≥100 (%)
Number 225 167 265
HBsAg-positive rate (%)*** 61.33 25.15 9.34
Anti-HBs <10 mIU/mL 193 (85.8) 8 (4.8) 4 (1.5)
10.00 IU/mL ≤ anti-HBs ≤ 99 IU/mL 24 (10.7) 133 (79.5) 5 (1.9)
Anti-HBs ≥ 100 mIU/mL 8 (3.6) 26 (15.7) 256 (96.6)

HBsAg distribution at different blood collection times after 1417 neonates were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine

Interval (days) Number of newborns Number of newborns (%) HBsAg (IU/mL) mean (range)
HBsAg ≤0.06 IU/mL HBsAg >0.06 IU/mL
1 375 283 (75.47) 92 (24.53) 0.188 (0.106–0.312)
2 205 118 (57.56) 87 (42.44) 0.222 (0.110–0.405)
3 207 145 (70.05) 62 (29.95) 0.178 (0.099–0.346)
4 147 109 (74.15) 38 (25.85) 0.209 (0.123–0.338)
5 91 76 (83.52) 15 (16.48) 0.117 (0.095–0.188)
6 55 46 (83.64) 9 (16.36) 0.088 (0.083–0.120)
7 45 43 (95.56) 2 (4.44) –
8 29 28 (96.55) 1 (3.45) –
9–28 263 263 0 <0.05
Total 1417 1111 306 0.186 (0.104–0.339)
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Lingua:
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Medicine, Assistive Professions, Nursing, Basic Medical Science, other, Clinical Medicine
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