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Atorvastatin reduces alloxan-induced impairment of aversive stimulus memory in mice

Osman Kukula
Osman Kukula
 e 
Caner Günaydın
Caner Günaydın
   | 29 apr 2022
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Article Category: Original article
Pubblicato online: 29 apr 2022
Pagine: 71 - 78
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0009
Parole chiave
© 2022 Osman Kukula et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

(A) Mouse weight throughout the experiment analyzed with a general linearized model. #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 alloxan-induced diabetes vs. vehicle control. ***P < 0.001 liraglutide + alloxan-induced diabetes vs. alloxan-induced diabetes. (B) Blood glucose levels after oral glucose administration for each experimental group in the OGTT. (C) Locomotor activity for each experimental group. Statistical analyses were conducted using a one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation. ANOVA, analysis of variance; Ator, atorvastatin; Control, saline vehicle treatment alone as a negative control; DM, alloxan-induced model of diabetes mellitus; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.
(A) Mouse weight throughout the experiment analyzed with a general linearized model. #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 alloxan-induced diabetes vs. vehicle control. ***P < 0.001 liraglutide + alloxan-induced diabetes vs. alloxan-induced diabetes. (B) Blood glucose levels after oral glucose administration for each experimental group in the OGTT. (C) Locomotor activity for each experimental group. Statistical analyses were conducted using a one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation. ANOVA, analysis of variance; Ator, atorvastatin; Control, saline vehicle treatment alone as a negative control; DM, alloxan-induced model of diabetes mellitus; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.

Figure 2

Effect of each drug treatment on (A) initial latency and (B) retention period latency in the passive avoidance test. There were no significant differences in initial latency between experimental groups. Alloxan-induced diabetes significantly decreased retention period latency. #P < 0.05 vs. vehicle control. Atorvastatin significantly attenuated the alloxan-induced diabetes decrease in retention period latency. *P < 0.05 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes; +P < 0.05 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes + liraglutide. Liraglutide also significantly attenuated the alloxan-induced diabetes decrease in retention period latency even more than atorvastatin. ***P < 0.001. Symbols represent each data point and the bar indicates mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using a Kruskal–Wallis test. Ator, atorvastatin; Control, saline vehicle treatment alone as a negative control; DM, alloxan-induced model of diabetes mellitus.
Effect of each drug treatment on (A) initial latency and (B) retention period latency in the passive avoidance test. There were no significant differences in initial latency between experimental groups. Alloxan-induced diabetes significantly decreased retention period latency. #P < 0.05 vs. vehicle control. Atorvastatin significantly attenuated the alloxan-induced diabetes decrease in retention period latency. *P < 0.05 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes; +P < 0.05 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes + liraglutide. Liraglutide also significantly attenuated the alloxan-induced diabetes decrease in retention period latency even more than atorvastatin. ***P < 0.001. Symbols represent each data point and the bar indicates mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using a Kruskal–Wallis test. Ator, atorvastatin; Control, saline vehicle treatment alone as a negative control; DM, alloxan-induced model of diabetes mellitus.

Figure 3

The amount of time spent in the dark compartment by mice in each experimental group. Alloxan-induced diabetes significantly increased the time spent in the dark compartment. #P < 0.05 vs. saline vehicle control. Atorvastatin attenuated this increase in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes. *P < 0.05 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes; +P < 0.05 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes + liraglutide. Liraglutide significantly attenuated the time mice with alloxan-induced diabetes spent in the dark compartment. ***P < 0.001 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes. Symbols represent each data point and the bars indicate mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test. ANOVA, analysis of variance; Ator, atorvastatin; Control, saline vehicle treatment alone as a negative control; DM, alloxan-induced model of diabetes mellitus.
The amount of time spent in the dark compartment by mice in each experimental group. Alloxan-induced diabetes significantly increased the time spent in the dark compartment. #P < 0.05 vs. saline vehicle control. Atorvastatin attenuated this increase in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes. *P < 0.05 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes; +P < 0.05 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes + liraglutide. Liraglutide significantly attenuated the time mice with alloxan-induced diabetes spent in the dark compartment. ***P < 0.001 vs. alloxan-induced diabetes. Symbols represent each data point and the bars indicate mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test. ANOVA, analysis of variance; Ator, atorvastatin; Control, saline vehicle treatment alone as a negative control; DM, alloxan-induced model of diabetes mellitus.
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Lingua:
Inglese
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6 volte all'anno
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Medicine, Assistive Professions, Nursing, Basic Medical Science, other, Clinical Medicine
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