This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Bjornard K, Riehle-Colarusso T, Gilboa SM, Correa A. Patterns in the prevalence of congenital heart defects, metropolitan Atlanta, 1978 to 2005. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2013; 97:87–94.BjornardKRiehle-ColarussoTGilboaSMCorreaAPatterns in the prevalence of congenital heart defects, metropolitan Atlanta, 1978 to 2005201397879410.1002/bdra.2311123404870Search in Google Scholar
Liu X, Liu G, Wang P, Huang Y, Liu E, Li D, et al. Prevalence of congenital heart disease and its related risk indicators among 90 796 Chinese infants aged less than 6 months in Tianjin. Int J Epidemiol. 2015; 44:884–93.LiuXLiuGWangPHuangYLiuELiDPrevalence of congenital heart disease and its related risk indicators among 90 796 Chinese infants aged less than 6 months in Tianjin2015448849310.1093/ije/dyv10726071138Search in Google Scholar
Bhardwaj R, Kandoria A, Marwah R, Vaidya P, Singh B, Dhiman P, et al. Prevalence of congenital heart disease in rural population of Himachal – A population-based study. Indian Heart J. 2016; 68:48–51.BhardwajRKandoriaAMarwahRVaidyaPSinghBDhimanPPrevalence of congenital heart disease in rural population of Himachal – A population-based study201668485110.1016/j.ihj.2015.08.022475949426896266Search in Google Scholar
Bernier P-L, Stefanescu A, Samoukovic G, Tchervenkov CI. The challenge of congenital heart disease worldwide: epidemiologic and demographic facts. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2010; 13:26–34.BernierP-LStefanescuASamoukovicGTchervenkovCIThe challenge of congenital heart disease worldwide: epidemiologic and demographic facts201013263410.1053/j.pcsu.2010.02.00520307858Search in Google Scholar
Sayasathid J, Sukonpan K, Somboonna N. Epidemiology and etiology of congenital heart diseases, Chapter 2. In: Congenital heart disease - selected aspects, Rao PS, editor. Shanghai: InTech; 2012, p. 47–84.SayasathidJSukonpanKSomboonnaNEpidemiology and etiology of congenital heart diseases, Chapter 2In:RaoPSeditor.ShanghaiInTech2012478410.5772/27083Search in Google Scholar
Donofrio MT, Moon-Grady AJ, Hornberger LK, Copel JA, Sklansky MS, Abuhamad A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014; 129:2183–242.DonofrioMTMoon-GradyAJHornbergerLKCopelJASklanskyMSAbuhamadADiagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association2014129218324210.1161/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d24763516Search in Google Scholar
Brick DH, Allan LD. Outcome of prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease: an update. Pediatr Cardiol. 2002; 23:449–53.BrickDHAllanLDOutcome of prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease: an update2002234495310.1007/s00246-002-1330-x12170364Search in Google Scholar
Cholkraisuwat E, Buddharaksa Y, Sayasathid J. Congenital heart disease in elementary school children in rural Thailand: the role of the trained noncardiologist. Asian Biomedicine (Res Rev News). 2013; 7:287–91.CholkraisuwatEBuddharaksaYSayasathidJCongenital heart disease in elementary school children in rural Thailand: the role of the trained noncardiologist2013728791Search in Google Scholar
Sayasathid J, Tantiwongkosri K, Somboonna N. Unrecognized congenital heart disease among Thai children. J Med Assoc Thai. 2009; 92:356–9.SayasathidJTantiwongkosriKSomboonnaNUnrecognized congenital heart disease among Thai children2009923569Search in Google Scholar
Fung A, Manlhiot C, Naik S, Rosenberg H, Smythe J, Lougheed J, et al. Impact of prenatal risk factors on congenital heart disease in the current era. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013; 2:e000064. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000064FungAManlhiotCNaikSRosenbergHSmytheJLougheedJImpact of prenatal risk factors on congenital heart disease in the current era20132e00006410.1161/JAHA.113.000064369876423727699Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Arjmandnia M, Besharati M, Rezvan S. Studying the determinant factors leading to congenital heart disease in newborns. J Educ Health Promot. 2018; 7:53. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_146_17ArjmandniaMBesharatiMRezvanSStudying the determinant factors leading to congenital heart disease in newborns201875310.4103/jehp.jehp_146_17590317029693034Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Patel SS, Burns TL. Nongenetic risk factors and congenital heart defects. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013; 34:1535–55.PatelSSBurnsTLNongenetic risk factors and congenital heart defects20133415355510.1007/s00246-013-0775-423963188Search in Google Scholar
Ou Y, Mai J, Zhuang J, Liu X, Wu Y, Gao X, et al. Risk factors of different congenital heart defects in Guangdong, China. Pediatr Res. 2016; 79:549–58.OuYMaiJZhuangJLiuXWuYGaoXRisk factors of different congenital heart defects in Guangdong, China2016795495810.1038/pr.2015.26426679154Search in Google Scholar
Øyen N, Diaz LJ, Leirgul E, Boyd HA, Priest J, Mathiesen ER, et al. Prepregnancy diabetes and offspring risk of congenital heart disease: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation. 2016; 133:2243–53.ØyenNDiazLJLeirgulEBoydHAPriestJMathiesenERPrepregnancy diabetes and offspring risk of congenital heart disease: a nationwide cohort study201613322435310.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017465489083827166384Search in Google Scholar
Malik S, Cleves MA, Honein MA, Romitti PA, Botto LD, Yang S, et al. Maternal smoking and congenital heart defects. Pediatrics. 2008; 121:e810–6. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1519MalikSClevesMAHoneinMARomittiPABottoLDYangSMaternal smoking and congenital heart defects2008121e810610.1542/peds.2007-151918381510Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Liu X, Nie Z, Chen J, Guo X, Ou Y, Chen G, et al. Does maternal environmental tobacco smoke interact with social-demographics and environmental factors on congenital heart defects? Environ Pollut. 2018; 234:214–22.LiuXNieZChenJGuoXOuYChenGDoes maternal environmental tobacco smoke interact with social-demographics and environmental factors on congenital heart defects?20182342142210.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.02329175685Search in Google Scholar
Cedergren MI, Selbing AJ, Källén BA. Risk factors for cardiovascular malformation — a study based on prospectively collected data. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2002; 28:12–7.CedergrenMISelbingAJKällénBARisk factors for cardiovascular malformation — a study based on prospectively collected data20022812710.5271/sjweh.64111873776Search in Google Scholar
Abqari S, Gupta A, Shahab T, Rabbani MU, Ali SM, Firdaus U. Profile and risk factors for congenital heart defects: a study in a tertiary care hospital. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2016; 9:216–21.AbqariSGuptaAShahabTRabbaniMUAliSMFirdausUProfile and risk factors for congenital heart defects: a study in a tertiary care hospital201692162110.4103/0974-2069.189119500792927625518Search in Google Scholar
Cresci M, Foffa I, Ait-Ali L, Pulignani S, Gianicolo EAL, Botto N, et al. Maternal and paternal environmental risk factors, metabolizing GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, and congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011; 108:1625–31.CresciMFoffaIAit-AliLPulignaniSGianicoloEALBottoNMaternal and paternal environmental risk factors, metabolizing GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, and congenital heart disease201110816253110.1016/j.amjcard.2011.07.02221890078Search in Google Scholar
Cresci M, Foffa I, Ait-Ali L, Pulignani S, Kemeny A, Gianicolo EAL, Andreassi MG. Maternal environmental exposure, infant GSTP1 polymorphism, and risk of isolated congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013; 34:281–5.CresciMFoffaIAit-AliLPulignaniSKemenyAGianicoloEALAndreassiMGMaternal environmental exposure, infant GSTP1 polymorphism, and risk of isolated congenital heart disease201334281510.1007/s00246-012-0436-z22815093Search in Google Scholar
Jenkins KJ, Correa A, Feinstein JA, Botto L, Britt AE, Daniels SR, et al. Noninherited risk factors and congenital cardiovascular defects: current knowledge: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation. 2007; 115:2995–3014.JenkinsKJCorreaAFeinsteinJABottoLBrittAEDanielsSRNoninherited risk factors and congenital cardiovascular defects: current knowledge: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics20071152995301410.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.18321617519397Search in Google Scholar
Woods SE, Raju U. Maternal smoking and the risk of congenital birth defects: a cohort study. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2001; 14:330–4.WoodsSERajuUMaternal smoking and the risk of congenital birth defects: a cohort study2001143304Search in Google Scholar
Li X, Liu Z, Deng Y, Li S, Mu D, Tian X, et al. Modification of the association between maternal smoke exposure and congenital heart defects by polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase genes. Sci Rep. 2015; 5:14915. doi: 10.1038/srep14915LiXLiuZDengYLiSMuDTianXModification of the association between maternal smoke exposure and congenital heart defects by polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase genes201551491510.1038/srep14915460107226456689Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lee LJ, Lupo PJ. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013; 34:398–407.LeeLJLupoPJMaternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring: a systematic review and metaanalysis20133439840710.1007/s00246-012-0470-x22886364Search in Google Scholar
Liu Z, Li X, Li N, Li S, Deng K, Lin Y, et al. Association between maternal exposure to housing renovation and offspring with congenital heart disease: a multi-hospital case–control study. Environ Health. 2013; 12:25. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-25LiuZLiXLiNLiSDengKLinYAssociation between maternal exposure to housing renovation and offspring with congenital heart disease: a multi-hospital case–control study2013122510.1186/1476-069X-12-25363915323522351Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gorini F, Chiappa E, Gargani L, Picano E. Potential effects of environmental chemical contamination in congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol. 2014; 35:559–68.GoriniFChiappaEGarganiLPicanoEPotential effects of environmental chemical contamination in congenital heart disease2014355596810.1007/s00246-014-0870-124452958Search in Google Scholar
Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KGM. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement. BJOG. 2015; 122:434–43.CollinsGSReitsmaJBAltmanDGMoonsKGMTransparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement20151224344310.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014508429722025561516Search in Google Scholar
Bassili A, Mokhtar SA, Dabous NI, Zaher SR, Mokhtar MM, Zaki A. Risk factors for congenital heart diseases in Alexandria, Egypt. Eur J Epidemiol. 2000; 16:805–14.BassiliAMokhtarSADabousNIZaherSRMokhtarMMZakiARisk factors for congenital heart diseases in Alexandria, Egypt2000168051410.1023/A:1007601919164Search in Google Scholar
Roodpeyma S, Kamali Z, Afshar F, Naraghi S. Risk factors in congenital heart disease. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2002; 41:653–8.RoodpeymaSKamaliZAfsharFNaraghiSRisk factors in congenital heart disease200241653810.1177/00099228020410090312462314Search in Google Scholar
Hollier LM, Leveno KJ, Kelly MA, MCIntire DD, Cunningham FG. Maternal age and malformations in singleton births. Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 96:701–6.HollierLMLevenoKJKellyMAMCIntireDDCunninghamFGMaternal age and malformations in singleton births2000967016Search in Google Scholar
Reefhuis J, Honein MA. Maternal age and non-chromosomal birth defects, Atlanta—1968–2000: teenager or thirty-something, who is at risk? Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2004; 70:572–9.ReefhuisJHoneinMAMaternal age and non-chromosomal birth defects, Atlanta—1968–2000: teenager or thirty-something, who is at risk?200470572910.1002/bdra.2006515368555Search in Google Scholar
Miller A, Riehle-Colarusso T, Siffel C, Frías JL, Correa A. Maternal age and prevalence of isolated congenital heart defects in an urban area of the United States. Am J Med Genet A. 2011; 155A:2137–45.MillerARiehle-ColarussoTSiffelCFríasJLCorreaAMaternal age and prevalence of isolated congenital heart defects in an urban area of the United States2011155A21374510.1002/ajmg.a.3413021815253Search in Google Scholar
Materna-Kiryluk A, Wiśniewska K, Badura-Stronka M, Mejnartowicz J, Wieckowska B, Balcar-Boroń A, et al. Parental age as a risk factor for isolated congenital malformations in a Polish population. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2009; 23:29–40.Materna-KirylukAWiśniewskaKBadura-StronkaMMejnartowiczJWieckowskaBBalcar-BorońAParental age as a risk factor for isolated congenital malformations in a Polish population200923294010.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00979.x19228312Search in Google Scholar