[1. European Commission (EC). State of the Art Report on Mixture Toxicity. Final Report. 2009 [displayed 16 July 2012]. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/pdf/report_Mixture%20toxicity.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[2. Litens S, Esteban J, Schrenk D, Germer S, Van der Ven L, Hakansson H. Morphological and biochemical changes in the livers of Wistar rats following subacute exposure to three technical brominated fl ame retardant mixtures. Toxicol Lett 2008;180(Supplement):S52.10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.620]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Pelletier G, Masson S, Wade MJ, Nakai J, Alwis R, Mohottalage S, Kumarathasan P, Black P, Bowers WJ, Chu I, Vincent R. Contribution of methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides to the toxicity of a contaminant mixture based on Canadian Arctic population blood profi les. Toxicol Lett 2009;184:176-85.10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.004]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Gregoraszczuk EL, Milczarek K, Wojtowicz AK, Berg V, Skaare JU, Ropstad E. Steroid secretion following exposure of ovarian follicular cells to three different natural mixtures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Reprod Toxicol 2008;25:58-66.10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.10.001]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Nordberg GF. Cadmium metabolism and toxicity. Environ Physiol Biochem 1972;2:7-36.]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Hammouda F, Messaoudi I, El Hani J, Baati T, Said K, Kerken, A. Reversal of cadmium-induced thyroid dysfunction by selenium, zinc, or their combination in rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008;126:194-203.10.1007/s12011-008-8194-8]Search in Google Scholar
[7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Draft Toxicological Profi le for Cadmium 2008 [displayed 16 July 2012]. Availble at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofi les/tp5.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Said L, Banni M, Kerkeni A, Said K, Messaoudi I. Infl uence of combined treatment with zinc and selenium on cadmium induced testicular pathophysiology in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:2759-65.10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.003]Search in Google Scholar
[9. International Program on Chemical Safety (IPSC). Cadmium. Environmental Health Criteria 134. Geneva; WHO; 1992.]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Lazarus M. Međudjelovanje kadmija i selenija u sisavaca [Cadmium and selenium interaction in mammals Croatian]. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2010;61:357-68.10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-2021]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Cvjetko P, Tolić S, Šikić S, Balen B, Tkalec M, Vidaković- Cifrek Ž. Effect of copper on the toxicity and genotoxicity of cadmium in duckweed ( Toksikol 2010;61:287-96.]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Matović V, Buha A, Bulat Z, Đukić-Ćosić D. Cadmium toxicity revisited: focus on oxidative stress induction and interactions with zinc and magnesium. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2011;62:65-75.10.2478/10004-1254-62-2011-2075]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Knežević Z, Serdar M. Procjena rizika od izloženosti ljudi pesticidima unesenim hranom [Risk Assessment of human exposure to pesticide in food, in Croatian]. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2011;62:269-77.]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Gupta P, Kar A. Cadmium induced thyroid dysfunction in chicken: hepatic type I iodothyronine 5`-monodeiodinase activity and role of lipid peroxidation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 1999;123:39-44.10.1016/S0742-8413(99)00007-9]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Piłat-Marcinkiewicz B, Sawicki B, Brzoska MM, Moniuszko- Jakoniuk J. Effect of chronic administration of cadmium on the rat thyroid: radioimmunological and immunohistochemical studies. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2002;40:189-90.]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Piłat-Marcinkiewicz B, Malgorzata M, Brzoska MM, Sawicki B, Jakoniuk JM. Structure and function of thyroid follicular cells in female rats chronically exposed to cadmium. Bull Vet Inst PuLawy 2003;47:157-63.]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Yoshizuka M, Mori N, Hamasaki K, Tanaka I, Yokoyama M, Hara K, Doi YX, Umezu Y, Araki H, Sakamoto Y, Miyazaki M, Fujimoto S. Cadmium toxicity in the thyroid gland of pregnant rats. Exp Mol Pathol 1991;55:97-104.10.1016/0014-4800(91)90021-O]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Darnerud PO, Eriksen GS, Johannesson T, Larsen PB, Viluksela M. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers: occurrence, dietary exposure, and toxicology. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109(Suppl 1):49-68.10.1289/ehp.01109s149124054211250805]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Darnerud PO, Atuma S, Aune M, Bjerselius R, Glynn A, Grawe KP, Becker W. Dietary intake estimations of organohalogen contaminants (dioxins, PCB, PBDE and chlorinated pesticides, e.g. DDT) based on Swedish market basket data. Food Chem Toxicol 2006;44:1597-606.10.1016/j.fct.2006.03.011]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Daubie S, Bisson J-F, Lalonde R, Schroeder H, Rychen G. Neurobehavioral and physiological effects of low doses of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)-99 in male adult rats. Toxicol Lett 2011;204:57-63.10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.04.009]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Frederiksen M, Vorkamp K, Thomsen M, Knudsen EL. Human internal and external exposure to PBDEs-A review of level and sources. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009;212:109-34.10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.005]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Lee E, Kim TH, Choi JS, Nabanata P, Kim NY, Ahn MY, Jung KK, Kang IIH, Kim TS, Kwack SJ, Park KL, Kim SH, Kang TS, Lee J, Lee BM, Kim HS. Evaluation of liver and thyroid toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats after exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether BDE-209. J Toxicol Sci 2010;35:535-45.10.2131/jts.35.535]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Wang F, Wang J, Dai J, Hu G, Wang J, Luo X, Mai B. Comparative tissue distribution, biotransformation and associated biological effects by decabromodiphenyl ethane and decabrominated diphenyl ether in male rats after a 90-day oral exposure study. Environ Sci Technol 2010;44:5655-60.10.1021/es101158e]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Fowles JR, Fairbrother A, Baecher-Steppan L, Kerkvliet NI. Immunologic and endocrine effects of the fl ame-retardant pentabromodiphenyl ether (DE-71) in C57BL/6J mice. Toxicology 1994;86:49-61.10.1016/0300-483X(94)90052-3]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Hallgren S, Sinjari T, Hakansson H, Darnerud P. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on thyroid hormone and vitamin a levels in rats and mice. Arch Toxicol 2001;75:200-8.10.1007/s002040000208]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Hallgren S, Darnerud PO. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated paraffi ns (CPs) in rats - testing interactions and mechanisms for thyroid hormone effects. Toxicology 2002;177:227-43.10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00222-6]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Skarman E, Darnerud PO, Ohrvik H, Oskarsson A. Reduced thyroxine levels in mice perinatally exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2005;19:273-81.10.1016/j.etap.2004.08.00121783486]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Zhou T, Ros DG, De Vito MJ, Crofton KM. Effects of shortterm in vivo exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormones and hepatic enzyme activities in weanling rats. Toxicol Sci 2001;61:76-82.10.1093/toxsci/61.1.7611294977]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Zhou T, Taylor MM, De Vito MJ, Crofton KM. Developmental exposure to brominated diphenyl ethers results in thyroid hormone disruption. Toxicol Sci 2002;66:105-16.10.1093/toxsci/66.1.10511861977]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Tseng LH, Lee CW, Pan MH, Tsai SS, Li MH, Chen JR, Lay JJ, Hsu PC. Postnatal exposure of the male mouse to 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-decabrominated diphenyl ether: Decreased epididymal sperm functions without alterations in DNA content and histology in testis. Toxicology 2006;224:33-43.10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.00316713668]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Chen J, Liufu C, Sun W, Sun X, Chen D. Assessment of the neurotoxic mechanisms of decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-209) in primary cultured neonatal rat hippocampal neurons includes alterations in second messenger signalling and oxidative stress. Toxicol Lett 2010;192:431-9.10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.11.02019948212]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Goodman JE. Neurodevelopmental effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and implications for the reference dose. Regul Toxicol Pharm 2009;54:91-104.10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.02.00619249332]Search in Google Scholar
[33. Lafuente A, Cano P, Esquifi no AI. Are cadmium effects on plasma gonadotropins, prolactin, ACTH, GH and TSH levels, dose-dependent? Biometals 2003;16:243-50.]Search in Google Scholar
[34. Iijima K, Otake T, Yoshinaga J, Ikegami M, Suzuki E, Naruse H, Yamanaka T, Shibuya N, Yasumizu T, Kato N. Cadmium, lead, and selenium in cord blood and thyroid hormone status of newborns. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007;119:10-8.10.1007/s12011-007-0057-117914214]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Chaurasia SS, Gupta P, Kar A, Maiti PK. Free radical mediated membrane perturbation and inhibition of TYPE-I iodothyronine 5’-monodeiodinase activity by lead and cadmium in rat liver homogenate. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1996;39:765-70.10.1080/152165496002018518843345]Search in Google Scholar
[36. Kelly GS. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones: a review. Altern Med Rev 2000;5:306-33.]Search in Google Scholar
[37. Paier B, Hagmuller K, Noli MI, Gonzalez Pondal M, Stiegler C, Zaninovich AA. Changes induced by cadmium administration on thyroxine deiodination and sulfhydryl groups in rat liver. J Endocrinol 1993;138:219-24.10.1677/joe.0.13802198228730]Search in Google Scholar
[38. Gupta P, Chaurasia SS, Maiti PK, Kar A. Cadmium induced alterations in extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine by type-I iodothyronine 5’-monodeiodinase in male mouse. Horm Metab Res 1997;29:151-2.10.1055/s-2007-9790099137987]Search in Google Scholar
[39. Chiamolera MI, Wondisford FE. Minireview: Thyrotropinreleasing hormone and the thyroid hormone feedback mechanism. Endocrinology 2009;150:1091-6.10.1210/en.2008-179519179434]Search in Google Scholar
[40. Pavia Jr MA, Paier B, Noli MI, Hagmuller K, Zaninovich AA. Evidence suggesting that cadmium induces a nonthyroidal illness syndrome in the rat. J Endocrinol 1997;154:113-7.10.1677/joe.0.15401139246944]Search in Google Scholar
[41. Chana A, Concejero MA, de Frutos M, Gonzalez MJ, Herradon B. Computational studies on biphenyl derivatives. Analysis of the conformational mobility, molecular electrostatic potential, and dipole moment of chlorinated biphenyl: searching for the rationalization of the selective toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Chem Res Toxicol 2002;15:1514-26.10.1021/tx025596d12482233]Search in Google Scholar
[42. Zoeller RT. Environmental chemicals as thyroid hormone analogues: new studies indicate that thyroid hormone receptors are targets of industrial chemicals? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005;242:10-5.]Search in Google Scholar
[43. Zoeller RT. Environmental chemicals impacting the thyroid: targets and consequences. Thyroid 2007;17:811-7.10.1089/thy.2007.010717956155]Search in Google Scholar
[44. Kim TH, Lee YJ, Lee E, Kim MS, Kwack SJ, Kim KB, Chung KK, Kang TS, Han SY, Lee J, Lee BM, KIM HS. Effects of gestational exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether on reproductive parameters, thyroid hormone levels, and neuronal development in Sprague-Dawley rats offspring. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2009;72:1296-303.10.1080/1528739090332074220077200]Search in Google Scholar