Dependent variable | Independent variables | Groups | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADHD | Controls | ||||||
T1, n = 90, T2, n = 93 | T1, n = 59, T2, n = 52 | ||||||
Betaa | 95% CI |
|
Betaa | 95% CI |
|
||
FSIQ | Time (year) | −.93 | −1.51 ;−.35 | .002 | 1.10 | .41 ; 1.79 | .002 |
Girls vs boys | 4.10 | −1.05 ; 9.25 | .117 | −1.37 | −6.65 ; 3.91 | .605 | |
WAIS vs WISC | 3.11 | −.86 ; 7.07 | .119 | −.71 | −5.34 ; 3.92 | .740 | |
Special education supports | −.95 | −5.80 ; 3.89 | .696 | −9.25 | −16.49 ; −2.02 | .013 | |
SNAP IV T1, T2 b | −.08 | −.23 ; .06 | .250 | −.04 | −.54 ; .45 | .861 | |
ADHD medication | 1.55 | −4.47 ; 7.56 | .611 | ||||
Verbal comprehension | Time (year) | −.92 | −1.58 ;−.26 | .007 | 2.13 | 1.19 ; 3.06 | <.001 |
Girls vs boys | 4.39 | −1.35 ; 10.12 | .132 | −3.75 | −10.27 ; 2.77 | .253 | |
WAIS vs WISC | −5.79 | −10.31 ;−1.27 | .014 | −2.59 | −8.78 ; 3.60 | .374 | |
Special education supports | −3.26 | −8.65 ; 2.13 | .232 | −6.71 | −15.65 ; 2.22 | .137 | |
SNAP IV T1, T2b | −.02 | −.18 ; .15 | .821 | .14 | −.47 ; .75 | .654 | |
ADHD medication | .50 | −6.20 ; 7.19 | .884 | ||||
Perceptual reasoning | Time (year) | −.43 | −1.07 ; .21 | .184 | .88 | −.19 ; 1.94 | .104 |
Girls vs boys | 1.73 | −4.21 ; 7.68 | .564 | −5.61 | −12.20 ; .98 | .093 | |
WAIS vs WISC | .98 | −3.43 ; 5.38 | .653 | −2.48 | −9.45 ; 4.49 | .446 | |
Special education supports | .29 | −5.87 ; 5.30 | .919 | −7.45 | −16.48 ; 1.58 | .104 | |
SNAP IV T1, T2 b | .07 | −.09 ; .23 | .390 | .02 | −.60 ; .64 | .954 | |
ADHD medication | 1.94 | −5.00 ; 8.89 | .579 | ||||
Working memory | Time (year) | −.28 | −1.06 ; .50 | .484 | −.52 | −1.45 ; .41 | .268 |
Girls vs boys | .77 | −3.95 ; 5.49 | .746 | 4.78 | .45 ; 9.11 | .031 | |
WAIS vs WISC | 5.35 | .30 ; 10.40 | .039 | 3.59 | −2.22 ; 9.40 | .198 | |
Special education supports | −.48 | −4.92 ; 3.95 | .830 | −4.06 | −10.01 ; 1.88 | .176 | |
SNAP IV T1, T2b | −.23 | −.41 ; −.06 | .009 | −.23 | −.64 ;.17 | .252 | |
ADHD medication | −.79 | −6.28 ; 4.70 | .775 | ||||
Processing speed | Time (year) | −1.37 | −2.21 ; −.53 | .002 | .30 | −.86 ; 1.47 | .602 |
Girls vs boys | 6.19 | .70 ; 11.68 | .028 | 3.36 | −2.17 ; 8.89 | .228 | |
WAIS vs WISC | 10.51 | 4.98 ; 16.04 | .001 | .09 | −7.18 ; 7.37 | .978 | |
Special education supports | 3.02 | −2.14 ; 8.18 | .248 | −9.52 | −17.11 ; −1.94 | .015 | |
SNAP IV T1, T2 b | −.12 | −.32 ; .07 | .212 | −.16 | −.68 ; .36 | .538 | |
ADHD medication | 2.91 | −3.48 ; 9.30 | .369 |
Groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
ADHD | Controls | |||
Baseline measures | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) |
WISC-IV/WAIS-IV | 120/5 | 59/0 | ||
FSIQ | 125 | 88.90 (12.67) | 59 | 96.51 (9.71) |
Verbal comprehension | 125 | 93.43 (13.36) | 59 | 95.12 (12.97) |
Perceptual reasoning | 125 | 97.06 (14.04) | 59 | 101.41 (12.00) |
Working memory | 125 | 82.03 (12.95) | 59 | 93.02 (10.45) |
Processing speed | 124 | 88.69 (13.59) | 59 | 98.42 (11.06) |
SNAP–IV | 116 | 30.69 (10.58) | 59 | 5.98 (6.81) |
Model statistics | Variables | Odds Ratio | 95% CI |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 Measures | SNAP-IV T1 | .99 | .94 ; 1.04 | .678 |
Χ2 = 5.86 | Verbal comprehension | 1.05 | 1.00 ; 1.10 | .031 |
df = 5 | Perceptual reasoning | .99 | .96 ; 1.04 | .788 |
|
Working memory | .98 | .94 ; 1.02 | .335 |
Nagelkerke |
Processing speed | 1.00 | .97 ; 1.04 | .815 |
n = 82 | ||||
T2 Measures | SNAP-IV T2 | .92 | .87 ; .98 | .007 |
Χ2 = 23.80 | Verbal comprehension | 1.11 | 1.04 ; 1.19 | .001 |
df = 5 | Perceptual reasoning | 1.01 | .96 ; 1.07 | .624 |
|
Working memory | .95 | .89 ; 1.00 | .073 |
Nagelkerke |
Processing speed | 1.00 | .96 ; 1.04 | .897 |
n = 79 |
Percentiles | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FTF variables | < 90 | ≥ 90 | < 98 | ≥ 98 | ||
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Motor skills | 67 | 60 | 35 | 31 | 10 | 9 |
EF | 14 | 12 | 62 | 55 | 36 | 32 |
Perception | 46 | 41 | 51 | 46 | 15 | 13 |
Memory | 39 | 35 | 58 | 51 | 16 | 14 |
Language | 54 | 48 | 40 | 35 | 19 | 17 |
Learning | 25 | 26 | 39 | 41 | 32 | 33 |
Social skills | 38 | 34 | 56 | 50 | 19 | 17 |
Externalized | 27 | 24 | 39 | 34 | 47 | 42 |
Internalized | 59 | 52 | 38 | 34 | 16 | 14 |
Compulsivity | 71 | 57 | 34 | 27 | 8 | 6 |