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Morphological and molecular characterization of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. from east Golestan province, north Iran; with an updated phylogeny of Malenchus Andrássy, 1968 (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae)

Parnaz Mortazavi
Parnaz Mortazavi
, 
Fariba Heydari
Fariba Heydari
, 
Joaquín Abolafia
Joaquín Abolafia
, 
Pablo Castillo
Pablo Castillo
 e 
Majid Pedram
Majid Pedram
   | 05 ago 2021
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Pubblicato online: 05 ago 2021
Pagine: 1 - 14
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-069
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© 2021 Parnaz Mortazavi et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Line drawings of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. (female). (A) Pharyngeal region. (B) Anterior end. (C) Entire body. (D) Cross section. (E) Reproductive system. (F, G) Tail.
Line drawings of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. (female). (A) Pharyngeal region. (B) Anterior end. (C) Entire body. (D) Cross section. (E) Reproductive system. (F, G) Tail.

Figure 2:

Light microphotographs of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. (female). (A) Pharynx. (B) Anterior end showing cephalic region. (C, D) Anterior end showing cephalic region and stylet (fresh material in water). (E) Cross section at mid-body. (F) Part of female reproductive system (arrowhead showing end of PUS). (G) Tail. (H) Pharyngeal bulb region (arrowhead showing excretory pore). (A, E-H = 10 µm, B-D = 5 µm.)
Light microphotographs of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. (female). (A) Pharynx. (B) Anterior end showing cephalic region. (C, D) Anterior end showing cephalic region and stylet (fresh material in water). (E) Cross section at mid-body. (F) Part of female reproductive system (arrowhead showing end of PUS). (G) Tail. (H) Pharyngeal bulb region (arrowhead showing excretory pore). (A, E-H = 10 µm, B-D = 5 µm.)

Figure 3:

Scanning electron microphotographs of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. (female). (A-C) Cephalic region in latero-frontal, frontal and subventral views, respectively (arrows pointing the amphidial openings). (D) Excretory pore in ventral view (arrow). (E, F) Lateral field at mid-body showing four incisures and unusual division, respectively. (G, H) Vulva in ventral and lateral views, respectively. (I) Posterior end (arrow pointing the anus). (J, K) Anus in ventral and lateral views, respectively.
Scanning electron microphotographs of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. (female). (A-C) Cephalic region in latero-frontal, frontal and subventral views, respectively (arrows pointing the amphidial openings). (D) Excretory pore in ventral view (arrow). (E, F) Lateral field at mid-body showing four incisures and unusual division, respectively. (G, H) Vulva in ventral and lateral views, respectively. (I) Posterior end (arrow pointing the anus). (J, K) Anus in ventral and lateral views, respectively.

Figure 4:

Light microphotographs of Golestan province population Malenchus gilanensis (Jalalinasab et al., 2019). (A) Pharynx. (B) Cephalic region and stylet. (C) Vulva region showing lateral flap. (D) Tail and spicule in lateral view. (E) Vulva region showing post-vulva uterine sac. (F) Female tail. (All scale bars = 10 μm).
Light microphotographs of Golestan province population Malenchus gilanensis (Jalalinasab et al., 2019). (A) Pharynx. (B) Cephalic region and stylet. (C) Vulva region showing lateral flap. (D) Tail and spicule in lateral view. (E) Vulva region showing post-vulva uterine sac. (F) Female tail. (All scale bars = 10 μm).

Figure 5:

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree inferred from SSU rDNA of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. under the GTR+G+I model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. The new sequence is in bold font.
Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree inferred from SSU rDNA of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. under the GTR+G+I model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. The new sequence is in bold font.

Figure 6:

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree inferred from LSU rDNA D2-D3 of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. and Malenchus gilanensis under the GTR + G + I model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. New sequences are in bold font.
Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree inferred from LSU rDNA D2-D3 of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. and Malenchus gilanensis under the GTR + G + I model. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. New sequences are in bold font.

Figure S1:

Light microphotographs of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. (female). (A, B) Anterior end showing stylet. (C, D) Anterior end showing stylet and DGO. (E, F) Irregular lateral lines forming a swollen portion. (G) Lateral field at mid body showing four incisures. (All scale bars = 10 μm).
Light microphotographs of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. (female). (A, B) Anterior end showing stylet. (C, D) Anterior end showing stylet and DGO. (E, F) Irregular lateral lines forming a swollen portion. (G) Lateral field at mid body showing four incisures. (All scale bars = 10 μm).

Morphometrics of Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. and Golestan province population of Malenchus gilanensis (Jalalinasab et al., 2019).

Filenchus pseudodiscus n. sp. Malenchus gilanensis
Holotype Paratypes Males Females
n 1 female 10 females 2 8
L 593 586 ± 22.3 (555-618) 268, 290 318 ± 16.8 (296-341)
a 39.5 37.0 ± 2.4 (30.8-39.5) 26.8, 36.3 28.7 ± 3.2 (25-34)
b 6.1 5.8 ± 0.3 (5.5-6.3) 4.1, 3.6 4.0 ± 0.3 (3.6-4.3)
c 4.7 4.7 ± 0.1 (4.5-4.8) 5.7, 5.9 6.9 ± 0.5 (6.0-7.7)
c΄ 12.6 11.8 ± 0.7 (10.9-12.8) 4.7, 8.9 7.2 ± 1.1 (6-9)
V 63 63.1 ± 0.8 (62-64) 33.6, 29.3 66.8 ± 4.8 (64-76)
Cephalic region height 2 2.4 ± 0.2 (2-3) 2.5, 3.0 2.0 ± 0.5 (2-3)
Cephalic region width 5 5.1 ± 0.3 (5-6) 5, 5 5.0 ± 0.5 (4-5)
Stylet length 10 9.6 ± 0.4 (9-10) 7.2, 8.0 7.5 ± 0.5 (7-8)
Conus length 3 3.3 ± 0.3 (3-4) 3.5, 4.0 2.5 ± 0.6 (3-4)
m 34 34.3 ± 1.6 (32-36) 36.8, 42.5 37.8 ± 2.0 (35.5-41.9)
Dorsal gland opening 1 1.4 ± 0.3 (1-2) – –
Median bulb from ant. end 42 43.0 ± 2.3 (40-46) – –
MB 43 42.5 ± 2.7 (39-47) – –
Excretory pore to ant. end 80 80.3 ± 6.0 (72-94) 54, 60 60.8 ± 3.8 (56-65)
Pharynx length 98 101.2 ± 3.3 (97-107) 65, 80 81.5 ± 3.9 (75-86)
Cephalic region to vulva 375 370.3 ± 14.8 (350-389) – 211 ± 11 (197-226)
Body width 15 15.9 ± 1.3 (15-19) 15, 18 11.0 ± 1.4 (9-13)
Tail length 126 125 ± 5 (115-133) 47, 49 45 ± 5 (42-55)
Tail/vulva-anus 1 1.4 ± 0.1 (1.2-1.5) – –
Anal body width 10 10.6 ± 0.5 (10-11) – 7.4 ± 1.0 (6-9)
Post-vulval uterine sac 8 10.0 ± 1.5 (8-12) – 6.3 ± 0.8 (5-7)
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