Volatile compounds as potential bio-fumigants against plant-parasitic nematodes – a mini review

Overview of studies investigating the effect of plant volatile compounds on different plant-parasitic nematodes_

Volatile compound producers	Identified volatile compounds	Experiment conditions	Target plant-parasitic nematodes	References
Brassica	Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates	Field biofumigation	Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Heterodera schachtii, Pratylenchus neglectus, Paratrichodorus allius	Thierfelder and Friedt (1995), Potter et al. (1998), Lord et al. (2011)
White mustard (Sinapis alba)	Methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide	Field biofumigation	Tylenchulus semipenetrans	Wang et al. (2009)
Brassica leaf	2-propenyl glucosinolate	Field biofumigation	Globodera pallida	Lord et al. (2011)
Brassica juncea, Azadirachta indica, Canavalia ensiformis, Mucuna pruriens, and Cajanus cajan	Alcohols and esters and sulfur containing compounds (mainly isothiocyanates)	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Barros et al. (2014)
Camellia seed cake	18 compounds were identified	In vitro	M. javanica	Yang et al. (2015)
Eruca sativa	(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and erucin	In vitro	M. incognita	Aissani et al. (2015)
Cottonseed meal	2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenyl-ethylalcohol, benzene-1-ethyl-4methoxy (p-ethylanisole), and 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Estupiñan-López et al. (2017)
Castor bean cake	Phenol, 4-methylphenol, γ-decalactone, and skatole	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Pedroso et al. (2019)
Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) or black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) leaves, broccoli shoots (Brassica oleracea L.) and Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.)	Dimethyl disulfide and 3-pentanol	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Silva et al. (2018), da Silva et al. (2019)
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) leaves and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds	26 and 12 compounds were identified. 1-octanol had strong nematicidal activity	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Silva et al. (2020)
Seeds of papaya fruit (Carica papaya)	Vinyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde and benzylacetonitrile	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Gomes et al. (2020)
Cymbopogon nardus and Dysphania ambrosioides	Ascaridole and citronellal	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	de Freitas Silva et al. (2020)

Overview of studies investigating the effect of bacterial volatile compounds on different plant-parasitic nematodes_

Volatile compound producers	Identified volatile compounds	Experiment conditions	Target plant-parasitic nematodes	References
Bacillus simplex, B. subtilis, B. weihenstephanensis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Serratia marcescens	Terpineol, benzeneethanol, propanone, phenyl ethanone and nonane	In vitro	B. xylophilus	Gu et al. (2007)
Bacillus megaterium YFM3.25	Benzeneacetaldehyde, 2-nonanone, decanal, 2-undecanone and dimethyl disulphide,phenyl ethanone, nonane, phenol, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethyl- butanedinitrile and 1-thenyl-4-methoxy- benzene	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Huang et al. (2010)
Pseudomonas putida, Microbacterium sp., Bacillus methylotrophicus, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus pumilus	Unidentified	In vitro	M. exigua	Costa et al. (2015)
Pseudomonas putida BP25	As 1-Undecene; Disulfide dimethyl; Pyrazine, methyl-Pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-; Isoamyl alcohol; Pyrazine,methyl-; Dimethyl trisulfide	In vitro	Radopholus similis	Sheoran et al. (2015), Agisha et al. (2019)
Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum, Wautersiella falsenii, Proteus hauseri, Arthrobacter nicotianae, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans	Acetophenone, S-methyl thiobutyrate, dimethyl disulfide, ethyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate, nonan-2 one, 1-methoxy-4-methylbenzene, and butyl isovalerate	In vitro	M. incognita	Xu et al. (2015)
Paenibacillus polymyxa KM 2501	Acetone, 2-heptanone, benzaldehyde, 2-nonanone, 2-nonanol, cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, 11-dodecen-2-one, 2-decanone, 2-decanol, 4-acetylbenzoic acid, furfural acetone, 2-undecanone, Acetic acid, [bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]phosphinyl]-, trimethylsilyl ester, 2-undecanol	In vitro	M. incognita	Cheng et al. (2017)
Pseudomonas putida 1A00316	Dimethyl disulfide, 1-undecene, 2- nonanone, 2-octanone, (Z)-hexen-1-ol acetate, 2-undecanone, and 1-(ethenyloxy)- octadecane. Of these, dimethyl disulfide, 2-nonanone, 2-octanone, (Z)-hexen-1-ol acetate, and 2-undecanone	In vitro	M. incognita	Zhai et al. (2018)
Bacillus sp., Paenibacillus sp. and Xanthomonas sp.	Unidentified	In vitro and greenhouse	M. graminicola	Bui et al. (2020)

Overview of studies investigating the effect of fungal volatile compounds on different plant-parasitic nematodes_

Volatile compound producers	Identified volatile compounds	Experiment conditions	Target plant-parasitic nematodes	References
Muscodor albus	Unidentified	In vitro	Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. hapla, Paratrichodorus allius, and P. penetrans	Riga et al. (2008)
Trichoderma sp. YMF 1.00416	1β-vinylcyclopentane-1α,3α-diol, 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenol	In vitro	Bursaphelenchus xylophilus	Yang et al. (2012)
Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani	Dioctyl disulfide (2-propyldecan-1-ol or 1-(2-hydroxyethoxy) tridecane); caryophyllene; 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; and acoradiene	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Freire et al. (2012)
Fusarium oxysporum	Unidentified	In vitro	M. exigua	Costa et al. (2015)
Endophytic fungus Daldinia cf. concentrica	3-methyl-1-butanol, (±)-2-methyl-1-butanol, 4-heptanone, and isoamyl acetate,	In vitro and greenhouse	M. javanica	Liarzi et al. (2016)
Epicoccum nigrum and Schizophyllum commune	Alcohols, esters, terpenes, and ketones	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Pimenta et al. (2017)
Fusarium oxysporum strain 21	More than 28 volatile organic compounds were identified.	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Terra et al. (2017)
Fusarium oxysporum strain 21	2-methylbutyl acetate, 3-methylbutyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and 2-methylpropyl acetate	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Terra et al. (2018)
Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani	23 compounds belong to esters, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and sesquiterpenes	In vitro and greenhouse	M. incognita	Estupiñan-López et al. (2018)