The State Council’s “Outline for Accelerating the Development of Big Data” (GuoFa [2015] No. 50) states: The convergence of information technology and economic society has led to the rapid growth of data. The data have become a national basic strategic resource. Big data is increasingly being used globally, with an important impact on global production, circulation, distribution, consumption activities as well as economic operation mechanism, social life style and national governance ability.[1] At present, China ranks first in the world in the scale of Internet and mobile Internet users with abundant data resource and application market advantages. Breakthroughs have been made in key data technology research and development in some big data sectors. A number of Internet innovative enterprises and innovative applications have emerged. Some local governments have started big-data-related work. Insisting on innovation-driven development, accelerating the deployment of big data and deepening the application of big data have become the inherent and necessary choices of stabilizing growth, promoting reforms, adjusting structure, benefiting people’s livelihood, and promoting the modernization of government governance.[2]Big data technology opens up a whole new era of opportunities and challenges.
Big data is a data set featuring large capacity, multiple types, high speed access and high application value. It is rapidly evolving into collecting, storing and associating and analyzing a large amount of data with diverse sources and diverse formats, which will discover new knowledge, create new values and upgrade new capabilities in a new generation of information technology and service forms. [3] Big data is featured by massive scale, high-speed circulation and rich forms, which has been widely used and developed in IT, aviation, e-commerce and other industries. Big data complements and improves traditional data collection methods, which expands the breadth and depth of data usage.
The emergence of “Internet+” has promoted the innovation and development of information technology in the industry.[4] “National Fitness Program (2016-2020)” pointed out that we must promote depth integration between “Internet+”, big data and other information technology and the National Fitness Program, so as to facilitate the construction of national fitness public service information platform.[5] The “13th Five-Year Plan for Sports Development” issued by General Administration of Sport of China affirmed that “Internet+” has infused new vitality into sports development and should make full use of new technologies to develop various types of APP to open up the customer market.[6] Under the guidance of the programmatic documents, sports informatization has made some progress.
“The contradiction between the growing mass sports demand and the relative insufficiency of social sports resources” [7] has become increasingly acute. Relevant statistics show that the number of people who regularly participate in physical exercise in China has increased by 5.7% in the recent seven years, while that of sports supported by public finance has dropped by 0.13%.
On the one hand, there are largely idle sports facilities which are heavily subsidized by the government for large-scale sporting events. Most sports venues built by individuals or social groups are poorly equipped with few visitors, and the utilization rate of sports facilities in schools and enterprises is low; on the other hand, residents can not find a place suitable for exercise. The reasons are as follows: first, the distribution of public sports resources is not balanced; second, the dislocation of supply and demand of sports resources “aristocratic supply” and “civilian needs”; third, the information asymmetry of supply and demand of sports resources. Taking “Internet+” as an opportunity, we shall use big data technology to build a sports resource information platform to precisely match users and sports resources and improve the utilization rate of sports resources and satisfaction of all parties.
The ultimate goal of sports development is to better provide the public with satisfying sports products and services. The matching degree between sports informationization and public demand can most directly reflect the construction results of sports. Judging from the current situation of the development of sports informationization, there is still a big gap between sports information service and public demand, which is mainly manifested in the following three aspects:
As for the specific sports resources big data, it also faces many challenges. The problems that need to be solved are as follows: The old and new software and hardware systems are difficult to integrate in depth, and the applications and data based on the system are featured by low relevance and poor sharing; Unscientific data classification and low data utilization; Large differences among data formats and serious data redundancy.
Sports resource information big data content is huge, which involves a large number of departments, so we shall properly solve the above problems and make the sports resources information database to better serve the public.
The information technology is used to mine the information contained in the big data of sports resources and store the information according to certain rules, so that a massive sports information database is constructed, and a multi-user information platform is constructed based on the sports resources information database. Such a platform is called sports resources information big data platform.
The construction principles of Sports Resource Information Platform Based on Big Data include:
With the deepening of the concept of “Internet+”, sports informationization has also been developed. Sports administrations and Sports Industry Management Co., Ltd. have basically constructed portals and APP applications. We should build platforms on this basis and make overall planning in advance to further clarify the platform business framework.
The business on sports resources information big data platform in accordance with the occurrence of the object can be divided into: management department-to-management department, management department-to-business and business-to-business users.
There are many sources of information on sports resources, which can be divided into internal systems of management departments and external systems of management departments. The internal systems of management departments include: track and field training center, stadium management committee, sports industry group Co., Ltd., stadiums, sports service guarantee center, etc.; external systems include: sports facilities of enterprises and institutions, fitness centers organized by social forces.
We shall build a sports resources information big data platform and tap existing sports resources data to provide support and services for various applications that require sports resource data.
Based on the sports resource information of relevant agencies such as the sports management department, enterprises and institutions and the fitness center held by the social forces, the big data platform of sports resources information, through the mining of data, provides support for the sports resources information applied in the management department, the relevant units and individuals based on sports resources information sharing mechanism.
The data platform shall comply with the construction standards and the Basic Requirements for Protection of Security Level of Information Systems (People’s Republic of China National Standard GB/T 22239-2008) and shall be constructed by the infrastructure, big data system and big data application system.
Standard system: a scientific and feasible standard system is a key factor for the successful construction of a big data platform for sports resources information. We shall establish the “sports resources information big data platform expert committee”, and the expert committee shall develop data platform technical standards, management standards and safety regulations.
Security: security system is the lifeline of the big data platform of sports resources information. We shall make full use of the technical features of big data platform to prevent illegal invasion and vulnerability attacks and strengthen the establishment of security clearance system with virus clearing and access setting as the core so as to ensure the data security and system security of the sports resources information big data platform.
Infrastructure: The construction of a big data platform for sports resources information requires the existing sports resources information of sports management departments, sports institutions and enterprises and fitness centers organized by social forces, and needs to collect real-time data from these departments. The stable, reliable and secure network channel, powerful hardware and software systems are the necessary conditions for the completion of data collection and integration. We should further increase the intensity of infrastructure construction, optimize the network system, upgrade and update the computer hardware and software equipment, and lay a solid material foundation for the big data platform.
Big Data System: Sports Resource Information Big Data System includes support data, data exchange and integration system, catalog management system, operation and maintenance system. The data exchange and integration system will be distributed in different business systems, diversified data collection, cleaning, exchange and integration and other operations. The processed data is then stored by the catalog management system.
Big Data Application: Big Data Application System is the core of big data platform of sports resource information and also the key to realize various applications. The platform can provide various types of big data services to sports management departments, enterprises and public institutions, fitness centers and individuals. For example, the sports administration department monitors the sports stadiums in real time; the user reserves the venue through the terminal according to the stadium distribution and the number of real-time users; and the user reserves the courses online according to the contents and time of the coach.
The sports resources information big data platform includes: support data, data exchange and integration system, catalog management system, operation and maintenance management system, interface system and platform system. The structure of sports resources information big data platform is shown as in Figure 1.
The support data can effectively connect sports resources information big data platform and sports resources database, and also can support the normal operation of other systems. It mainly contains metadata, exchange data, directory data, management data and security data.
The metadata, also known as the intermediary data, is the information about the organization of the data, the data fields and their relation. In short, the metadata is the data about the data; the exchange data is generated during the data exchange, which includes node data, parameter management Information, etc.; the directory data is mainly the directory information of sports information resource; the operation and other information generated by the operation and maintenance system collectively referred to as management data; the system failure frequency information and system security analysis data that record security situation of sports resources information big data platform becomes safety data.
The data exchange is based on a unified network and exchange protocol to achieve the exchange of information on sports resources between the relevant departments, avoid data chaos and repeat in the process of running exchange so as to achieve the synchronization of sports resources information and ensure data stability and security. The data exchange business model is shown in Figure 2.
The main function of data integration is collecting, cleaning, exchanging and integrating the sports resource information data dispersed in various departments, re-analyzing the data collection for relevance and causality and digging data deeply to form new and more valuable data resources. Data integration service system includes modules of integrated configuration, component management, process management and integration results information query. The integrated configuration module is used for dynamically configuring and integrating rules. The component management module is used to package data cleaning, conversion, alignment and splitting. The process management module is used for process management of various processes in the integration and implementation process; The integrated result information query module is used to provide query and statistics of the data integration results. The data integration business model is shown in Figure 3.
The catalog management system achieves its functionality through three subsystems like cataloging, transmission, management and service. Catalog system finishes metadata assignment and generates the contents of the directory in accordance with predetermined standards; directory transmission system completes the transmission of the directory contents between databases; directory management and service system realizes directory content audit, query, publishing and other functions.
The O&M Management System realizes the daily operation and maintenance and the security of Big Data Platform of Sports Resource Information. The main functions are as follows:
User Management: This function is mainly used to distinguish between the providers, managers and users of sports resource information, and users with different identities have different permissions; Resource Management: This function is mainly used for the management of metadata, with the query function; Application Management: This function is mainly used for reviewing and sorting out the distributed sports resource information, and charging the released information of paid sports resources; Security Maintenance and Management: realizing such functions as user identity authentication, data encryption and transmission, real-time data backup, and recording daily access status and fault information.
The interface system is a channel for developers to call sports resource information. With this channel, developers can integrate the service of the platform with their own existing applications and directly develop the big data platform of sports resource information.
The running window of sports resources information big data platform is the platform system. The platform system is user-oriented, providing support services according to different needs, which is used for a variety of platform-based applications in order to achieve the construction of sports resources information big data platform.
The objective evaluation of sports resources information big data platform is to master the use of sports resources information, improve the utilization of sports resources, further promote the development of sports informatization and improve the physical fitness of the people. The selection of performance evaluation indicators should be clear and easy to operate, combining qualitative indicators with quantitative indicators, establishing a performance evaluation index system that objectively reflects the big data platform of sports resources information, and scientifically evaluating the big data platform of sports resources information.
The Big Data Platform for Sports Resource Information covers such big data as investment in sports resources, costs, prices and benefits, involving sports management departments, enterprises and institutions, and fitness centers organized by social forces. Through the data cleaning, mining and other operations to sports resource information and based on the sports resource information sharing mechanism, the platform can provide the support of sports resource information applications. Problems such as unbalanced distribution of public sports resources, dislocation of supply and demand of sports resources and informatoin asymmetry of supply and demand of sports resources must be solved technically and the pace of sports information construction in China shall be accelerated to further enhance the national physique.