Accesso libero

Personal Network Composition and Cognitive Reflection Predict Susceptibility to Different Types of Misinformation

INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO

Cita

Allen, J., Howland, B., Mobius, M., Rothschild, D., & Watts, D. J. (2020). Evaluating the fake news problem at the scale of the information ecosystem. Science Advances, 6(14), eaay3539. AllenJ. HowlandB. MobiusM. RothschildD. WattsD. J. 2020 Evaluating the fake news problem at the scale of the information ecosystem Science Advances 6 14 eaay3539 Search in Google Scholar

Amira, K., Wright, J. C., & Goya-Tocchetto, D. (2021). In-group love versus out-group hate: Which is more important to partisans and when? Political Behavior, 43(2), 473–494. AmiraK. WrightJ. C. Goya-TocchettoD. 2021 In-group love versus out-group hate: Which is more important to partisans and when? Political Behavior 43 2 473 494 Search in Google Scholar

Bail, C. A., Argyle, L. P., Brown, T. W., Bumpus, J. P., Chen, H., Hunzaker, M. B. F., Lee, J., Mann, M., Merhout, F., & Volfovsky, A. (2018). Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(37), 9216–9221. BailC. A. ArgyleL. P. BrownT. W. BumpusJ. P. ChenH. HunzakerM. B. F. LeeJ. MannM. MerhoutF. VolfovskyA. 2018 Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115 37 9216 9221 Search in Google Scholar

Baron, H., Blair, R., Choi, D. D., Gamboa, L., Gottlieb, J., Robinson, A. L., Rosenzweig, S., Turnbull, M., & West, E. A. (2021). Can Americans depolarize? Assessing the effects of reciprocal group reflection on partisan polarization. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/3x7z8 BaronH. BlairR. ChoiD. D. GamboaL. GottliebJ. RobinsonA. L. RosenzweigS. TurnbullM. WestE. A. 2021 Can Americans depolarize? Assessing the effects of reciprocal group reflection on partisan polarization https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/3x7z8 Search in Google Scholar

Batailler, C., Brannon, S. M., Teas, P. E., & Gawronski, B. (2022). A signal detection approach to understanding the identification of fake news. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(1), 78–98. BataillerC. BrannonS. M. TeasP. E. GawronskiB. 2022 A signal detection approach to understanding the identification of fake news Perspectives on Psychological Science 17 1 78 98 Search in Google Scholar

Bradshaw, S., Howard, P. N., Kollanyi, B., & Neudert, L. M. (2020). Sourcing and automation of political news and information over social media in the United States, 2016–2018. Political Communication, 37(2), 173–193. BradshawS. HowardP. N. KollanyiB. NeudertL. M. 2020 Sourcing and automation of political news and information over social media in the United States, 2016–2018 Political Communication 37 2 173 193 Search in Google Scholar

Brashears, M. E. (2014). Trivial topics and rich ties: The relationship between discussion topic, alter role, and resource availability using the important matters name generator. Sociological Science, 1(27), 493–511. BrashearsM. E. 2014 Trivial topics and rich ties: The relationship between discussion topic, alter role, and resource availability using the important matters name generator Sociological Science 1 27 493 511 Search in Google Scholar

Brenner, P. S., Serpe, R. T., & Stryker, S. (2014). The causal ordering of prominence and salience in identity theory: An empirical examination. Social Psychology Quarterly, 77(3), 231–252. BrennerP. S. SerpeR. T. StrykerS. 2014 The causal ordering of prominence and salience in identity theory: An empirical examination Social Psychology Quarterly 77 3 231 252 Search in Google Scholar

Burke, P. J., & Stets, J. E. (2009). Identity theory. Oxford University Press. BurkeP. J. StetsJ. E. 2009 Identity theory Oxford University Press Search in Google Scholar

Chaiken, S., & Maheswaran, D. (1994). Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing: Effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(3), 460–473. ChaikenS. MaheswaranD. 1994 Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing: Effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 3 460 473 Search in Google Scholar

Cinelli, M., De Francisci Morales, G., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2021). The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(9), e2023301118. CinelliM. De Francisci MoralesG. GaleazziA. QuattrociocchiW. StarniniM. 2021 The echo chamber effect on social media Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118 9 e2023301118 Search in Google Scholar

CNN. (2021). Partisanship Survey Report. Retrieved from http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2021/images/09/12/rel5c.-.partisanship.pdf CNN 2021 Partisanship Survey Report Retrieved from http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2021/images/09/12/rel5c.-.partisanship.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Ditto, P. H., Liu, B. S., Clark, C. J., Wojcik, S. P., Chen, E. E., Grady, R. H., Celniker, J. B., & Zinger, J. F. (2019). At least bias is bipartisan: A meta-analytic comparison of partisan bias in liberals and conservatives. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(2), 273–291. DittoP. H. LiuB. S. ClarkC. J. WojcikS. P. ChenE. E. GradyR. H. CelnikerJ. B. ZingerJ. F. 2019 At least bias is bipartisan: A meta-analytic comparison of partisan bias in liberals and conservatives Perspectives on Psychological Science 14 2 273 291 Search in Google Scholar

Ervin, L. H., & Stryker, S. (2001). Theorizing the relationship between self-esteem and identity. In Extending self-esteem theory and research: Sociological and psychological currents (pp. 29–55). ErvinL. H. StrykerS. 2001 Theorizing the relationship between self-esteem and identity In Extending self-esteem theory and research: Sociological and psychological currents 29 55 Search in Google Scholar

Evans, J. St. B. T., & Over, D. E. (1996). Rationality and reasoning. Psychology Press. EvansJ. St. B. T. OverD. E. 1996 Rationality and reasoning Psychology Press Search in Google Scholar

Facciani, M. (2020). How self-sentiments and personal networks impact political polarization [Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina]. FaccianiM. 2020 How self-sentiments and personal networks impact political polarization Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina Search in Google Scholar

Facciani, M., & Brashears, M. E. (2019). Sacred alters: The effects of ego network structure on religious and political beliefs. Socius, 5. https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231198738 FaccianiM. BrashearsM. E. 2019 Sacred alters: The effects of ego network structure on religious and political beliefs Socius 5 https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231198738 Search in Google Scholar

Facciani, M., & McKay, T. (2022). Network loss following the 2016 presidential election among LGBTQ+ adults. Applied Network Science, 7(1), 1–21. FaccianiM. McKayT. 2022 Network loss following the 2016 presidential election among LGBTQ+ adults Applied Network Science 7 1 1 21 Search in Google Scholar

Facciani, M., Lazić, A., Viggiano, G., & McKay, T. (2023). Political network composition predicts vaccination attitudes. Social Science & Medicine, 328, 116004. FaccianiM. LazićA. ViggianoG. McKayT. 2023 Political network composition predicts vaccination attitudes Social Science & Medicine 328 116004 Search in Google Scholar

Faris, R., Roberts, H., Etling, B., Bourassa, N., Zuckerman, E., & Benkler, Y. (2017). Partisanship, propaganda, and disinformation: Online media and the 2016 US presidential election (p. 6). Berkman Klein Center Research Publication. FarisR. RobertsH. EtlingB. BourassaN. ZuckermanE. BenklerY. 2017 Partisanship, propaganda, and disinformation: Online media and the 2016 US presidential election 6 Berkman Klein Center Research Publication Search in Google Scholar

Finkel, E. J., Bail, C. A., Cikara, M., Ditto, P. H., Iyengar, S., Klar, S., Mason, L., McGrath, M. C., Nyhan, B., Rand, D. G., Skitka, L. J., Tucker, J. A., Bavel, J. J. V., Wang, C. S., & Druckman, J. N. (2020). Political sectarianism in America. Science, 370(6516), 533–536. FinkelE. J. BailC. A. CikaraM. DittoP. H. IyengarS. KlarS. MasonL. McGrathM. C. NyhanB. RandD. G. SkitkaL. J. TuckerJ. A. BavelJ. J. V. WangC. S. DruckmanJ. N. 2020 Political sectarianism in America Science 370 6516 533 536 Search in Google Scholar

Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(4), 25–42. FrederickS. 2005 Cognitive reflection and decision making Journal of Economic Perspectives 19 4 25 42 Search in Google Scholar

Freeman, L. C. (1992). The sociological concept of group: An empirical test of two models. The American Journal of Sociology, 98(1), 152–166. FreemanL. C. 1992 The sociological concept of group: An empirical test of two models The American Journal of Sociology 98 1 152 166 Search in Google Scholar

Freeman, L. C., Romney, A. K., & Freeman, S. C. (1987). Cognitive structure and informant accuracy. American Anthropologist, 89(2), 310–325. FreemanL. C. RomneyA. K. FreemanS. C. 1987 Cognitive structure and informant accuracy American Anthropologist 89 2 310 325 Search in Google Scholar

Frenkel, S., Alba, D., & Zhong, R. (2020). Surge of virus misinformation stumps Facebook and Twitter. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www/nytimes.com/2020/03/08/technology/coronavirus-misinformation-social-media.html FrenkelS. AlbaD. ZhongR. 2020 Surge of virus misinformation stumps Facebook and Twitter The New York Times Retrieved from http://www/nytimes.com/2020/03/08/technology/coronavirus-misinformation-social-media.html Search in Google Scholar

Garrett, R. K., & Bond, R. M. (2021). Conservatives’ susceptibility to political misperceptions. Science Advances, 7(23), eabf1234. GarrettR. K. BondR. M. 2021 Conservatives’ susceptibility to political misperceptions Science Advances 7 23 eabf1234 Search in Google Scholar

Gawronski, B. (2021). Partisan bias in the identification of fake news. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(9), 723–724. GawronskiB. 2021 Partisan bias in the identification of fake news Trends in Cognitive Sciences 25 9 723 724 Search in Google Scholar

Graham, M. H., & Svolik, M. W. (2020). Democracy in America? Partisanship, polarization, and the robustness of support for democracy in the United States. American Political Science Review, 114(2), 392–409. GrahamM. H. SvolikM. W. 2020 Democracy in America? Partisanship, polarization, and the robustness of support for democracy in the United States American Political Science Review 114 2 392 409 Search in Google Scholar

Grinberg, N., Joseph, K., Friedland, L., Swire-Thompson, B., & Lazer, D. (2019). Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Science, 363(6425), 374–378. GrinbergN. JosephK. FriedlandL. Swire-ThompsonB. LazerD. 2019 Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election Science 363 6425 374 378 Search in Google Scholar

Heise, D. (2007). Expressive order: Confirming sentiments in social actions. Springer Science & Business Media. HeiseD. 2007 Expressive order: Confirming sentiments in social actions Springer Science & Business Media Search in Google Scholar

Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019). The origins and consequences of affective polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 22(1), 129–146. IyengarS. LelkesY. LevenduskyM. MalhotraN. WestwoodS. J. 2019 The origins and consequences of affective polarization in the United States Annual Review of Political Science 22 1 129 146 Search in Google Scholar

Jacobson, L. (2018). Did Nancy Pelosi vow to raise taxes if democrats take the U.S. House? Politifact. Retrieved from https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2018/apr/09/blog-posting/did-nancy-pelosi-vow-raise-taxes-if-democrats-take/ JacobsonL. 2018 Did Nancy Pelosi vow to raise taxes if democrats take the U.S. House? Politifact Retrieved from https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2018/apr/09/blog-posting/did-nancy-pelosi-vow-raise-taxes-if-democrats-take/ Search in Google Scholar

Kahan, D. M., Peters, E., Dawson, E. C., & Slovic, P. (2017). Motivated numeracy and enlightened self-government. Behavioural Public Policy, 1(1), 54–86. KahanD. M. PetersE. DawsonE. C. SlovicP. 2017 Motivated numeracy and enlightened self-government Behavioural Public Policy 1 1 54 86 Search in Google Scholar

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan. KahnemanD. 2011 Thinking, fast and slow Macmillan Search in Google Scholar

Keating, J., Van Boven, L., & Judd, C. M. (2016). Partisan underestimation of the polarizing influence of group discussion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 65, 52–58. KeatingJ. Van BovenL. JuddC. M. 2016 Partisan underestimation of the polarizing influence of group discussion Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 65 52 58 Search in Google Scholar

Lazer, D. M., Baum, M. A., Benkler, Y., Berinsky, A. J., Greenhill, K. M., Menczer, F., Metzger, M. J., Nyhan, B., Pennycook, G., Rothschild, D., Schudson, M., Sloman, S. A., Sunstein, C. R., Thorson, E. A., Watts, D. J., & Zittrain, J. L. (2018). The science of fake news. Science, 359(6380), 1094–1096. LazerD. M. BaumM. A. BenklerY. BerinskyA. J. GreenhillK. M. MenczerF. MetzgerM. J. NyhanB. PennycookG. RothschildD. SchudsonM. SlomanS. A. SunsteinC. R. ThorsonE. A. WattsD. J. ZittrainJ. L. 2018 The science of fake news Science 359 6380 1094 1096 Search in Google Scholar

Lazer, D., Rubineau, B., Chetkovich, C., Katz, N., & Neblo, M. (2010). The coevolution of networks and political attitudes. Political Communication, 27(3), 248–274. LazerD. RubineauB. ChetkovichC. KatzN. NebloM. 2010 The coevolution of networks and political attitudes Political Communication 27 3 248 274 Search in Google Scholar

Liberali, J. M., Reyna, V. F., Furlan, S., Stein, L. M., & Pardo, S. T. (2012). Individual differences in numeracy and cognitive reflection, with implications for biases and fallacies in probability judgment. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 25(4), 361–381. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.752 LiberaliJ. M. ReynaV. F. FurlanS. SteinL. M. PardoS. T. 2012 Individual differences in numeracy and cognitive reflection, with implications for biases and fallacies in probability judgment Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 25 4 361 381 https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.752 Search in Google Scholar

Marks, J., Copland, E., Loh, E., Sunstein, C. R., & Sharot, T. (2019). Epistemic spillovers: Learning others’ political views reduces the ability to assess and use their expertise in nonpolitical domains. Cognition, 188, 74–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.003 MarksJ. CoplandE. LohE. SunsteinC. R. SharotT. 2019 Epistemic spillovers: Learning others’ political views reduces the ability to assess and use their expertise in nonpolitical domains Cognition 188 74 84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.003 Search in Google Scholar

Marsden, P. V. (2006). Generalized blockmodeling. P. Doreian, V. Batagelj, A. Ferligoj, Cambridge University Press, New York (2005), (xv + 384 pp). Social Networks, 28(3), 275–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2006.02.001 MarsdenP. V. 2006 Generalized blockmodeling. P. Doreian, V. Batagelj, A. Ferligoj, Cambridge University Press, New York (2005), (xv + 384 pp) Social Networks 28 3 275 282 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2006.02.001 Search in Google Scholar

McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415–444. McPhersonM. Smith-LovinL. CookJ. M. 2001 Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks Annual Review of Sociology 27 415 444 Search in Google Scholar

McPhetres, J., Rand, D. G., & Pennycook, G. (2021). Character deprecation in fake news: Is it in supply or demand? Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(4), 624–637. McPhetresJ. RandD. G. PennycookG. 2021 Character deprecation in fake news: Is it in supply or demand? Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24 4 624 637 Search in Google Scholar

Metzger, M. J., Flanagin, A. J., Eyal, K., Lemus, D. R., & Mccann, R. M. (2003). Credibility for the 21st century: Integrating perspectives on source, message, and media credibility in the contemporary media environment. Annals of the International Communication Association, 27(1), 293–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2003.11679029 MetzgerM. J. FlanaginA. J. EyalK. LemusD. R. MccannR. M. 2003 Credibility for the 21st century: Integrating perspectives on source, message, and media credibility in the contemporary media environment Annals of the International Communication Association 27 1 293 335 https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2003.11679029 Search in Google Scholar

Motta, M., Callaghan, T., Sylvester, S., & Lunz-Trujillo, K. (2021). Identifying the prevalence, correlates, and policy consequences of anti-vaccine social identity. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 1–15. MottaM. CallaghanT. SylvesterS. Lunz-TrujilloK. 2021 Identifying the prevalence, correlates, and policy consequences of anti-vaccine social identity Politics, Groups, and Identities 1 15 Search in Google Scholar

Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning. University of Illinois Press. OsgoodC. E. SuciG. J. TannenbaumP. H. 1957 The measurement of meaning University of Illinois Press Search in Google Scholar

Palan, S., & Schitter, C. (2018). Prolific. ac—A subject pool for online experiments. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 17, 22–27. PalanS. SchitterC. 2018 Prolific. ac—A subject pool for online experiments Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance 17 22 27 Search in Google Scholar

Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2019). Lazy, not biased: Susceptibility to partisan fake news is better explained by lack of reasoning than by motivated reasoning. Cognition, 188, 39–50. PennycookG. RandD. G. 2019 Lazy, not biased: Susceptibility to partisan fake news is better explained by lack of reasoning than by motivated reasoning Cognition 188 39 50 Search in Google Scholar

Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2020). Who falls for fake news? The roles of bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, familiarity, and analytic thinking. Journal of Personality, 88(2), 185–200. PennycookG. RandD. G. 2020 Who falls for fake news? The roles of bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, familiarity, and analytic thinking Journal of Personality 88 2 185 200 Search in Google Scholar

Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2021). The psychology of fake news. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(5), 388–402. PennycookG. RandD. G. 2021 The psychology of fake news Trends in Cognitive Sciences 25 5 388 402 Search in Google Scholar

Pennycook, G., McPhetres, J., Zhang, Y., Lu, J. G., & Rand, D. G. (2020). Fighting COVID-19 misinformation on social media: Experimental evidence for a scalable accuracy-nudge intervention. Psychological Science, 31(7), 770–780. PennycookG. McPhetresJ. ZhangY. LuJ. G. RandD. G. 2020 Fighting COVID-19 misinformation on social media: Experimental evidence for a scalable accuracy-nudge intervention Psychological Science 31 7 770 780 Search in Google Scholar

Perry, B. L., Pescosolido, B. A., & Borgatti, S. P. (2018). Egocentric network analysis: Foundations, methods, and models. Cambridge University Press. PerryB. L. PescosolidoB. A. BorgattiS. P. 2018 Egocentric network analysis: Foundations, methods, and models Cambridge University Press Search in Google Scholar

Pew Research Center. (2014). Political Polarization and Personal Life. Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/2014/06/12/section-3-political-polarization-and-personal-life/ Pew Research Center 2014 Political Polarization and Personal Life Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/2014/06/12/section-3-political-polarization-and-personal-life/ Search in Google Scholar

Pew Research Center. (2020). About one-fifth of Democrats and Republicans get political news in a kind of media bubble. A fifth of Democrats, Republicans get news only from outlets with like-minded audiences. Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center 2020 About one-fifth of Democrats and Republicans get political news in a kind of media bubble. A fifth of Democrats, Republicans get news only from outlets with like-minded audiences Pew Research Center Search in Google Scholar

PolitiFact, & Bloggers. (n.d.). PolitiFact - Did Nancy Pelosi vow to raise taxes if democrats take the U.S. House? @Politifact. Retrieved February 14, 2022, from http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2018/apr/09/blog-posting/did-nancy-pelosi-vow-raise-taxes-if-democrats-take/ PolitiFact, & Bloggers (n.d.). PolitiFact - Did Nancy Pelosi vow to raise taxes if democrats take the U.S. House? @Politifact Retrieved February 14, 2022, from http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2018/apr/09/blog-posting/did-nancy-pelosi-vow-raise-taxes-if-democrats-take/ Search in Google Scholar

Rathje, S., Van Bavel, J. J., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Out-group animosity drives engagement on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(26), e2024292118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024292118 RathjeS. Van BavelJ. J. van der LindenS. 2021 Out-group animosity drives engagement on social media Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118 26 e2024292118 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024292118 Search in Google Scholar

Robison, J., Leeper, T. J., & Druckman, J. N. (2018). Do disagreeable political discussion networks undermine attitude strength? Political Psychology, 39(2), 479–494. RobisonJ. LeeperT. J. DruckmanJ. N. 2018 Do disagreeable political discussion networks undermine attitude strength? Political Psychology 39 2 479 494 Search in Google Scholar

Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C. R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A. M., & Van Der Linden, S. (2020). Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world. Royal Society Open Science, 7(10), 201199. RoozenbeekJ. SchneiderC. R. DryhurstS. KerrJ. FreemanA. L. RecchiaG. van der BlesA. M. Van Der LindenS. 2020 Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world Royal Society Open Science 7 10 201199 Search in Google Scholar

Roozenbeek, J., Traberg, C. S., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Technique-based inoculation against real-world misinformation. Royal Society Open Science, 9(5), 211719. RoozenbeekJ. TrabergC. S. van der LindenS. 2022 Technique-based inoculation against real-world misinformation Royal Society Open Science 9 5 211719 Search in Google Scholar

Schaedel, S. (2016, October 24). Did the pope endorse Trump? FactCheck.org. Retrieved from https://www.factcheck.org/2016/10/did-the-pope-endorse-trump/ SchaedelS. 2016 October 24 Did the pope endorse Trump? FactCheck.org Retrieved from https://www.factcheck.org/2016/10/did-the-pope-endorse-trump/ Search in Google Scholar

Shenhav, A., Rand, D. G., & Greene, J. D. (2012). Divine intuition: Cognitive style influences belief in God. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(3), 423. ShenhavA. RandD. G. GreeneJ. D. 2012 Divine intuition: Cognitive style influences belief in God Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 141 3 423 Search in Google Scholar

Sloman, S. A. (1996). The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 119(1), 3–22. SlomanS. A. 1996 The empirical case for two systems of reasoning Psychological Bulletin 119 1 3 22 Search in Google Scholar

Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 224–237. StetsJ. E. BurkeP. J. 2000 Identity theory and social identity theory Social Psychology Quarterly 63 3 224 237 Search in Google Scholar

Stets, J. E., & Serpe, R. T. (Eds.). (2016). New directions in identity theory and research. Oxford University Press. StetsJ. E. SerpeR. T. (Eds.). 2016 New directions in identity theory and research Oxford University Press Search in Google Scholar

Stets, J. E., Aldecoa, J., Bloom, Q., & Winegar, J. (2021). Using identity theory to understand homophily in groups. In P. S. Brenner, J. E. Stets, & R. T. Serpe (Eds.), Identities in action: Developments in identity theory (pp. 285–302). Springer International Publishing. StetsJ. E. AldecoaJ. BloomQ. WinegarJ. 2021 Using identity theory to understand homophily in groups In BrennerP. S. StetsJ. E. SerpeR. T. (Eds.), Identities in action: Developments in identity theory 285 302 Springer International Publishing Search in Google Scholar

Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C., Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Organizational Identity: A Reader, 56(65), 9780203505984-16. TajfelH. TurnerJ. C. AustinW. G. WorchelS. 1979 An integrative theory of intergroup conflict Organizational Identity: A Reader 56 65 9780203505984-16 Search in Google Scholar

Tardáguila, C. (2020). Coronavirus: Fact-checkers from 30 countries are fighting 3 waves of misinformation. Poynter. Retrieved from http://www/poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/coronavirus-fact-checkers-from-30-countries-are-fighting-3-waves-of-misinformation TardáguilaC. 2020 Coronavirus: Fact-checkers from 30 countries are fighting 3 waves of misinformation Poynter Retrieved from http://www/poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/coronavirus-fact-checkers-from-30-countries-are-fighting-3-waves-of-misinformation Search in Google Scholar

Thomson, K. S., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2016). Cognitive reflection test-2. Judgment and Decision Making. ThomsonK. S. OppenheimerD. M. 2016 Cognitive reflection test-2 Judgment and Decision Making Search in Google Scholar

Traberg, C. S. (2022). Misinformation: Broaden definition to curb its societal influence. Nature, 606(7915), 653–653. TrabergC. S. 2022 Misinformation: Broaden definition to curb its societal influence Nature 606 7915 653 653 Search in Google Scholar

Traberg, C. S., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Birds of a feather are persuaded together: Perceived source credibility mediates the effect of political bias on misinformation susceptibility. Personality and Individual Differences, 185, 111269. TrabergC. S. van der LindenS. 2022 Birds of a feather are persuaded together: Perceived source credibility mediates the effect of political bias on misinformation susceptibility Personality and Individual Differences 185 111269 Search in Google Scholar

Traberg, C. S., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Psychological inoculation against misinformation: Current evidence and future directions. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 700(1), 136–151. TrabergC. S. RoozenbeekJ. van der LindenS. 2022 Psychological inoculation against misinformation: Current evidence and future directions The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 700 1 136 151 Search in Google Scholar

Unsworth, K. L., & Fielding, K. S. (2014). It’s political: How the salience of one’s political identity changes climate change beliefs and policy support. Global Environmental Change, 27(1), 131–137. UnsworthK. L. FieldingK. S. 2014 It’s political: How the salience of one’s political identity changes climate change beliefs and policy support Global Environmental Change 27 1 131 137 Search in Google Scholar

Van Bavel, J. J., Harris, E. A., Pärnamets, P., Rathje, S., Doell, K. C., & Tucker, J. A. (2021). Political psychology in the digital (mis) information age: A model of news belief and sharing. Social Issues and Policy Review, 15(1), 84–113. Van BavelJ. J. HarrisE. A. PärnametsP. RathjeS. DoellK. C. TuckerJ. A. 2021 Political psychology in the digital (mis) information age: A model of news belief and sharing Social Issues and Policy Review 15 1 84 113 Search in Google Scholar

van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., & Compton, J. (2020). Inoculating against fake news about COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 566790. van der LindenS. RoozenbeekJ. ComptonJ. 2020 Inoculating against fake news about COVID-19 Frontiers in Psychology 11 566790 Search in Google Scholar

von Hohenberg, B. C. (2020). Truth and bias, left and right. von HohenbergB. C. 2020 Truth and bias, left and right Search in Google Scholar

Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146–1151. VosoughiS. RoyD. AralS. 2018 The spread of true and false news online Science 359 6380 1146 1151 Search in Google Scholar

Westfall, J., Van Boven, L., Chambers, J. R., & Judd, C. M. (2015). Perceiving political polarization in the United States: Party identity strength and attitude extremity exacerbate the perceived partisan divide. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 145–158. WestfallJ. Van BovenL. ChambersJ. R. JuddC. M. 2015 Perceiving political polarization in the United States: Party identity strength and attitude extremity exacerbate the perceived partisan divide Perspectives on Psychological Science 10 2 145 158 Search in Google Scholar

World Economic Forum. (2018). The global risks report 2018 – 13th edition. In Vol. 14, Issue 1. World economic forum. www.weforum.org World Economic Forum 2018 The global risks report 2018 – 13th edition In Vol. 14, Issue 1 World economic forum www.weforum.org Search in Google Scholar

Zarocostas, J. (2020). How to fight an infodemic. The Lancet, 395(10225), 676. ZarocostasJ. 2020 How to fight an infodemic The Lancet 395 10225 676 Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Y., Chen, F., & Lukito, J. (2022). Network amplification of politicized information and misinformation about COVID-19 by conservative media and partisan influencers on Twitter. Political Communication, 1–24. ZhangY. ChenF. LukitoJ. 2022 Network amplification of politicized information and misinformation about COVID-19 by conservative media and partisan influencers on Twitter Political Communication 1 24 Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
0226-1766
Lingua:
Inglese
Frequenza di pubblicazione:
Volume Open
Argomenti della rivista:
Social Sciences, other