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Perception of dental midline deviation and smile attractiveness by eye-tracking and aesthetic ratings

Sümeyye Aşik
Sümeyye Aşik
 e 
Hatice Kök
Hatice Kök
   | 21 ott 2021
Australasian Orthodontic Journal's Cover Image
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Article Category: research-article
Pubblicato online: 21 ott 2021
Pagine: 187 - 196
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/aoj-2021.020
© 2021 Sümeyye Aşik., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

The study photograph and eight modified smile photographs. The dental midline was shifted to the left and right segments gradually. A. Dental Midline In Place (DML0). B. Shifted Dental Midline 1 mm Right (DML1R). C. Shifted Dental Midline 2 mm Right (DML2R). D. Shifted Dental Midline 3 mm Right (DML3R). E. Shifted Dental Midline 4 mm Right (DML4R). F. Shifted Dental Midline 1 mm Left (DML1L). G. Shifted Dental Midline 2 mm Left (DML2L). H. Shifted Dental Midline 3 mm Left (DML3L). I. Shifted Dental Midline 4 mm Left (DML4L).
The study photograph and eight modified smile photographs. The dental midline was shifted to the left and right segments gradually. A. Dental Midline In Place (DML0). B. Shifted Dental Midline 1 mm Right (DML1R). C. Shifted Dental Midline 2 mm Right (DML2R). D. Shifted Dental Midline 3 mm Right (DML3R). E. Shifted Dental Midline 4 mm Right (DML4R). F. Shifted Dental Midline 1 mm Left (DML1L). G. Shifted Dental Midline 2 mm Left (DML2L). H. Shifted Dental Midline 3 mm Left (DML3L). I. Shifted Dental Midline 4 mm Left (DML4L).

Figure 2.

A. The detection of the VP eyes. B. The calibration of the VP eyes.
A. The detection of the VP eyes. B. The calibration of the VP eyes.

Figure 3.

An example of the survey form.
An example of the survey form.

The correlation between datasets of eye-tracking, VAS, and Likert scale.

DML0 Rho (p) VAS LIKERT
DMLTTFD 0.011 (0.918) 0.018 (0.861)
DMLTFFD ‒0.204 (0.047*) ‒0.196 (0.056)
DMLP TFD ‒0.113 (0.459) ‒0.065 (0.670)
VAS 0.804 (<0.001***)
DML1R Rho (p) VAS LIKERT
DML1R TFD 0.098 (0.417) 0.077 (0.525)
DML1R FFD 0.236 (0.049) 0.272 (0.023)
VAS 0.810 (<0.001***)
DML1L Rho (p) VAS LIKERT
DML1L TFD 0.038 (0.737) ‒0.008 (0.941)
DML1L FFD ‒0.056 (0.625) ‒0.005 (0.963)
VAS 0.836 (<0.001***)
DML2R Rho (p) VAS LIKERT
DML2R TFD ‒0.134 (0.095) ‒0.139 (0.083)
DML2R FFD 0.120 (0.135) 0.095 (0.235)
VAS 0.852 (<0.001***)
DML2L Rho (p) VAS LIKERT
DML2L TFD ‒0.145 (0.086) ‒0.183 (0.030)
DML2L FFD 0.017 (0.842) 0.072 (0.399)
VAS 0.861 (<0.001***)
DML3R Rho (p) VAS LIKERT
DML3R TFD 0.049 (0.552) 0.026 (0.752)
DML3R FFD 0.034 (0.684) 0.041 (0.623)
VAS 0.877 (<0.001***)
DML3L Rho (p) VAS LIKERT
DML3L TFD ‒0.120 (0.143) ‒0.187 (0.022*)
DML3L FFD 0.086 (0.296) 0.114 (0.164)
VAS 0.868 (<0.001***)
DML4R Rho (p) VAS LIKERT
DML4R TFD ‒0.111 (0.147) ‒0.122 (0.112)
DML4R FFD 0.162 (0.034*) 0.198 (0.009**)
VAS 0.840 (<0.001***)
DML4L Rho (p) VAS LIKERT
DML4L TFD ‒0.225 (0.023*) ‒0.266 (0.042*)
DML4L FFD 0.161 (0.232) 0.165 (0.128)
VAS 0.843 (<0.001***)

The repeated photographs correlations between datasets of eye-tracking, VAS, and Likert scale.

DML2LRho (p) VAS LIKERT VAS2 LIKERT2
DML2L TFD ‒0.145 (0.086) ‒0.183 (0.030*) ‒0.145 (0.086) ‒0.183 (0.073)
DML2L FFD 0.017 (0.842) 0.072 (0.399) 0.017 (0.842) 0.072 (0.399)
VAS 0.861 (<0.001***) 0.711 (<0.001***) 0.622 (<0.001***)
VAS2 0.635 (<0.001***) 0.872 (<0.001***)
LjKERT2 0.656 (<0.001***)
DML3RRho (p) VAS LjKERT VAS2 LjKERT2
DML3R TFD 0.049 (0.552) 0.026 (0.752) ‒0.027 (0.748) ‒0.078 (0.347)
DML3R FFD 0.034 (0.684) 0.041 (0.623) 0.083 (0.314) 0.159 (0.053)
VAS 0.877 (<0.001***) 0.714 (<0.001***) 0.618 (<0.001***)
VAS2 0.625 (<0.001***) 0.854 (<0.001***)
LjKERT2 0.650 (<0.001***)

Fixation values based on occupational groups.

DML (sn) Dentist Ortodontist Patient relatives Layperson p
M ± SD
DMLT (n = 131)
  TFD 1.74 ± 0.98 1.73 ± 1.01 1.74 ± 0.98 1.41 ± 0.5 0.611
  FFD 1.3 ± 1.2 1.12 ± 1.08 1.13 ± 1.09 1.54 ± 1.44 0.870
  VC 0.61 0.49 0.46 0.41 0.640
DMLP (n = 56)
  TFD 0.47 ± 0.33 0.30 ± 0.16 0.76 ± 0.64 0.46 ± 0.48 0.026*
  FFD 1.38 ± 1.17 0.85 ± 0.45 1±1.18 1.11 ± 1.19 0.621
  VC 1 1 1 1 0.322
DML1R (n = 70)
  TFD 0.53 ± 0.51 0.52 ± 0.6 0.33 ± 0.25 0.44 ± 0.54 0.483
  FFD 1.34 ± 0.9 1.2 ± 1.08 1.4 ± 1.14 1.57 ± 1.4 0.935
  VC 1 1 1 1 0.404
DML1L (n = 80)
  TFD 0.52 ± 0.44 0.5 ± 0.39 0.45 ± 0.35 0.31 ± 0.2 0.450
  FFD 1.4 ± 1.22 1.91 ± 1.17 1.46 ± 1.28 1.38 ± 1.29 0.415
  VC 1.5 1 1 1 0.014*
DML2R (n = 157)
  TFD 0.84 ± 0.8 0.93 ± 0.71 0.51 ± 0.42 0.66 ± 0.55 0.026*
  FFD 0.89 ± 0.92 0.85 ± 0.81 1.13 ± 1.03 1.12 ± 1.04 0.496
  VC 2 2 1.5 1 0.085
DML2L (n = 141)
  TFD 0.75 ± 0.61 0.85 ± 0.73 0.68 ± 0.6 0.61 ± 0.52 0.378
  FFD 1.17 ± 1 1.04 ± 1.12 1.29 ± 1.23 1.48 ± 1.25 0.530
  VC 1 2 2 1 0.638
DML3R (n = 149)
  TFD 0.85 ± 0.62 0.73 ± 0.75 0.77 ± 0.58 0.73 ± 0.64 0.311
  FFD 0.93 ± 1.08 1.16 ± 1.15 0.86 ± 1.09 1.08 ± 1.09 0.297
  VC 2 1 1 1 0.090
DML3L (n = 151)
  TFD 0.83 ± 0.64 0.82 ± 0.61 0.61 ± 0.64 0.59 ± 0.46 0.072
  FFD 1.04 ± 1.01 0.95 ± 1.16 1.19 ± 1.14 1.48 ± 1.21 0.214
  VC 2 2 1.5 2 0.080
DML4R (n = 171)
  TFD 0.97 ± 0.65 0.98 ± 0.71 0.77 ± 0.5 0.73 ± 0.62 0.135
  FFD 0.59 ± 0.83 0.71 ± 0.9 0.93 ± 1.07 0.89 ± 1.06 0.269
  VC 3 2 2 2 0.148
DML4L (n = 177)
  TFD 0.85 ± 0.57 1.04 ± 0.66 0.89 ± 0.65 0.85 ± 0.58 0.445
  FFD 0.67 ± 0.76 0.59 ± 0.73 0.88 ± 0.89 0.71 ± 0.94 0.294
  VC 2 2 2 2 0.768

VAS and Likert scale scores according to occupational groups.

DML Dentist Ortodontist Patient relatives Layperson p
M ± SD
DML0-VAS 8.41 ± 1.22 8.48 ± 1.19 8.84 ± 1.31 8.44 ± 1.45 0.204
DML1R-VAS 6.71 ± 2.2 6.5 ± 1.81 7.86 ± 1.69 7.31 ± 1.64 0.002**
DML1L-VAS 7.31 ± 1.96 7.52 ± 1.89 8.66 ± 1.57 8.56 ± 1.65 <0.001***
DML2R-VAS 4.96 ± 2.23 4.45 ± 2.36 6.96 ± 2.26 7.33 ± 2.37 <0.001***
DML2L- VAS 3.65 ± 2.31 3.76 ± 1.75 5.36 ± 2.48 5.38 ± 2.59 <0.001***
DML2L-VAS2 3.45 ± 2.26 3.4 ± 2.12 5.1 ± 2.89 4.96 ± 2.58 0.001***
DML3R-VAS 2.78 ± 2.34 3.26 ± 1.99 4.72 ± 2.66 4.71 ± 2.7 <0.001***
DML3R-VAS2 2.18 ± 2.09 2.48 ± 1.93 3.76 ± 2.72 3.88 ± 2.39 <0.001***
DML3L-VAS 3.55 ± 2.31 3.24 ± 2.12 4.94 ± 2.92 5.67 ± 2.6 <0.001***
DML4R-VAS 1.55 ± 1.98 1.69 ± 1.76 3.1 ± 2.51 3.17 ± 2.32 <0.001***
DML4L-VAS 2.25 ± 2.11 2.31 ± 1.69 3.72 ± 2.62 3.54 ± 2.5 0.003**
DML0-Likert 3.27 ± 0.49 3.38 ± 0.54 3.5 ± 0.54 3.25 ± 0.59 0.085
DML1R-Likert 2.55 ± 0.92 2.6 ± 0.77 2.94 ± 0.62 2.75 ± 0.71 0.063
DML1L-Likert 2.84 ± 0.86 2.9 ± 0.93 3.42 ± 0.64 3.35 ± 0.71 <0.001***
DML2R-Likert 1.86 ± 0.89 1.74 ± 0.96 2.76 ± 0.96 2.85 ± 0.96 <0.001***
DML2L-Likert 1.33 ± 0.91 1.26 ± 0.66 2.18 ± 0.94 2.19 ± 0.97 <0.001***
DML2L-Likert2 1.2 ± 0.85 1.21 ± 0.78 1.94 ± 1.2 2.06 ± 1.04 <0.001***
DML3R-Likert 0.92 ± 0.91 1.07 ± 0.68 1.88 ± 1.06 1.88 ± 1.1 <0.001***
DML3R-Likert2 0.8 ± 0.72 0.76 ± 0.66 1.46 ± 1.11 1.56 ± 0.94 <0.001***
DML3L-Likert 1.27 ± 0.96 1.14 ± 0.81 2.08 ± 1.16 2.19 ± 1.01 <0.001***
DML4R-Likert 0.55 ± 0.76 0.4 ± 0.54 1.2 ± 0.99 1.33 ± 0.92 <0.001***
DML4L-Likert 0.76 ± 0.86 0.76 ± 0.53 1.52 ± 0.97 1.37 ± 0.97 0.001***
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