This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Hoorbakht H, Bagherkashi F: Optic neuritis, its differential diagnosis and management. Open Ophthalmol J. 2012; 6: 65–72.HoorbakhtHBagherkashiF:Optic neuritis, its differential diagnosis and management.2012;6:65–72.10.2174/1874364101206010065Search in Google Scholar
Guy J, Qi X: Chapter 7. In: Levin LA, Albert DM (ed.): Ocular Disease: Mechanisms and Management. Elsevier, Philadelphia 2010: 278–288.GuyJQiX:Chapter 7. In:LevinLAAlbertDM(ed.):.Elsevier,Philadelphia2010:278–288.10.1016/B978-0-7020-2983-7.00037-1Search in Google Scholar
Petzold A, Wattjes MP, Costello F, Flores-Rivera J, Fraser CL, Fujihara K et al.: The investigation of acute optic neuritis: a review and proposed protocol. Nat Rev Neurol 2014; 10: 447–458.PetzoldAWattjesMPCostelloFFlores-RiveraJFraserCLFujiharaK:The investigation of acute optic neuritis: a review and proposed protocol.2014;10:447–458.10.1038/nrneurol.2014.108Search in Google Scholar
Pérez-Cambrodí RJ, Gómez-Hurtado Cubillana A, Merino-Suárez ML, Piñero-Llorens DP, Laria-Ochaita C: Optic neuritis in pediatric population: a review in current tendencies of diagnosis and management. J Optom 2014; 7: 125–130.Pérez-CambrodíRJGómez-Hurtado CubillanaAMerino-SuárezMLPiñero-LlorensDPLaria-OchaitaC:Optic neuritis in pediatric population: a review in current tendencies of diagnosis and management.2014;7:125–130.10.1016/j.optom.2013.12.008Search in Google Scholar
Gala F: Magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerve. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2015; 25: 421–438.GalaF:Magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerve.2015;25:421–438.10.4103/0971-3026.169462Search in Google Scholar
Bakshi R, Thompson AJ, Rocca MA, Pelletier D, Dousset V, Barkhof F et al.: MRI in multiple sclerosis: current status and future prospects. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 615–625.BakshiRThompsonAJRoccaMAPelletierDDoussetVBarkhofF:MRI in multiple sclerosis: current status and future prospects.2008;7:615–625.10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70137-6Search in Google Scholar
Vural M, Acar D, Toprak U, Alp MN, Köz ÖG, Sayın B, Abat GK: The evaluation of the retrobulbar orbital fat tissue and optic nerve with strain ratio elastography. Med Ultrason 2015; 17: 45–48.VuralMAcarDToprakUAlpMNKözÖGSayınBAbatGK:The evaluation of the retrobulbar orbital fat tissue and optic nerve with strain ratio elastography.2015;17:45–48.10.11152/mu.2013.2066.171.muvSearch in Google Scholar
Detorakis ET, Drakonaki EE, Tsilimbaris MK, Pallikaris IG, Giarmenitis S: Real-time ultrasound elastographic imaging of ocular and periocular tissues: a feasibility study. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010; 41: 135–141.DetorakisETDrakonakiEETsilimbarisMKPallikarisIGGiarmenitisS:Real-time ultrasound elastographic imaging of ocular and periocular tissues: a feasibility study.2010;41:135–141.10.3928/15428877-20091230-24Search in Google Scholar
Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, Carroll WM, Coetzee TG, Comi G et al.: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17: 162–173.ThompsonAJBanwellBLBarkhofFCarrollWMCoetzeeTGComiG:Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria.2018;17:162–173.10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2Search in Google Scholar
Lightman S, McDonald WI, Bird AC, Francis DA, Hoskins A, Batchelor JR et al.: Retinal venous sheathing in optic neuritis. Its significance for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Brain 1987; 110: 405–414.LightmanSMcDonaldWIBirdACFrancisDAHoskinsABatchelorJR:Retinal venous sheathing in optic neuritis. Its significance for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.1987;110:405–414.10.1093/brain/110.2.4053567529Search in Google Scholar
Bland JM, Altman DG: Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1986; 1: 307–310.BlandJMAltmanDG:Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement.1986;1:307–310.10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90837-8Search in Google Scholar
İnal M, Tan S, Yumusak EM, Şahan MH, Alpua M, Örnek K: Evaluation of the optic nerve using strain and shear wave elastography in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects. Med Ultrason 2017; 19: 39–44.İnalMTanSYumusakEMŞahanMHAlpuaMÖrnekK:Evaluation of the optic nerve using strain and shear wave elastography in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects.2017;19:39–44.10.11152/mu-939Search in Google Scholar
Graham SL, Klistorner A: Afferent visual pathways in multiple sclerosis: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 45: 62–72.GrahamSLKlistornerA:Afferent visual pathways in multiple sclerosis: a review.2017;45:62–72.10.1111/ceo.12751Search in Google Scholar
Roed H, Frederiksen J, Langkilde A, Sørensen TL, Lauritzen M, Sellebjerg F: Systemic T-cell activation in acute clinically isolated optic neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 162: 165–172.RoedHFrederiksenJLangkildeASørensenTLLauritzenMSellebjergF:Systemic T-cell activation in acute clinically isolated optic neuritis.2005;162:165–172.10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.02.002Search in Google Scholar
Söderström M, Link H, Xu Z, Fredriksson S: Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: anti-MBP and anti-MBP peptide antibody-secreting cells are accumulated in CSF. Neurology 1993; 43: 1215–1222.SöderströmMLinkHXuZFredrikssonS:Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: anti-MBP and anti-MBP peptide antibody-secreting cells are accumulated in CSF.1993;43:1215–1222.10.1212/WNL.43.6.1215Search in Google Scholar
Frederiksen JL, Madsen HO, Ryder LP, Larsson HB, Morling N, Svejgaard A: HLA typing in acute optic neuritis. Relation to multiple sclerosis and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Arch Neurol 1997; 54: 76–80.FrederiksenJLMadsenHORyderLPLarssonHBMorlingNSvejgaardA:HLA typing in acute optic neuritis. Relation to multiple sclerosis and magnetic resonance imaging findings.1997;54:76–80.10.1001/archneur.1997.00550130058016Search in Google Scholar
Francis DA, Compston DA, Batchelor JR, McDonald WI: A reassessment of the risk of multiple sclerosis developing in patients with optic neuritis after extended follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50: 758–765.FrancisDACompstonDABatchelorJRMcDonaldWI:A reassessment of the risk of multiple sclerosis developing in patients with optic neuritis after extended follow-up.1987;50:758–765.10.1136/jnnp.50.6.758Search in Google Scholar
Arzani M, Sahraian MA, Rezaei H, Naser Moghadasi A: Recurrent isolated optic neuritis: a study on 22 patients. Iran J Neurol 2017; 16: 130–135.ArzaniMSahraianMARezaeiHNaser MoghadasiA:Recurrent isolated optic neuritis: a study on 22 patients.2017;16:130–135.Search in Google Scholar
Arndt C, Labauge P, Speeg-Schatz C, Jeanjean L, Fleury M, Castelnovo G et al.: Recurrent inflammatory optic neuropathy. J Fr Ophtalmol 2008; 31: 363–367.ArndtCLabaugePSpeeg-SchatzCJeanjeanLFleuryMCastelnovoG:Recurrent inflammatory optic neuropathy.2008;31:363–367.10.1016/S0181-5512(08)71430-XSearch in Google Scholar
Petzold A, Plant GT: Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune optic neuropathy. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13: 539–345.PetzoldAPlantGT:Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune optic neuropathy.2014;13:539–345.10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.00924424177Search in Google Scholar
Pérez-Díaz H, Casado JL, Uclés-Sánchez A, Saiz A: Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) without detection of IgG-NMO antibodies. Neurologia 2007; 22: 553–555 [in Spanish].Pérez-DíazHCasadoJLUclés-SánchezASaizA:Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) without detection of IgG-NMO antibodies.2007;22:553–555[in Spanish].Search in Google Scholar
Saini M, Khurana D: Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2010; 13: 61–63.SainiMKhuranaD:Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy.2010;13:61–63.10.4103/0972-2327.61280285959120436750Search in Google Scholar
Akçam HT, Capraz IY, Aktas Z, Caglayan HZ, Oktar SO, Hasanreisoglu M et al.: Multiple sclerosis and optic nerve: an analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and color Doppler imaging parameters. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28: 1206–1211.AkçamHTCaprazIYAktasZCaglayanHZOktarSOHasanreisogluM:Multiple sclerosis and optic nerve: an analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and color Doppler imaging parameters.2014;28:1206–1211.10.1038/eye.2014.178Search in Google Scholar
Kupersmith MJ, Alban T, Zeiffer B, Lefton D: Contrast-enhanced MRI in acute optic neuritis: relationship to visual performance. Brain 2002; 125: 812–822.KupersmithMJAlbanTZeifferBLeftonD:Contrast-enhanced MRI in acute optic neuritis: relationship to visual performance.2002;125:812–822.10.1093/brain/awf087Search in Google Scholar
Voss E, Raab P, Trebst C, Stangel M: Clinical approach to optic neuritis: pitfalls, red flags and differential diagnosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011; 4: 123–134.VossERaabPTrebstCStangelM:Clinical approach to optic neuritis: pitfalls, red flags and differential diagnosis.2011;4:123–134.10.1177/1756285611398702Search in Google Scholar
Bäuerle J, Schuchardt F, Schroeder L, Egger K, Weigel M, Harloff A: Reproducibility and accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter assessment using ultrasound compared to magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Neurol 2013; 13: 187.BäuerleJSchuchardtFSchroederLEggerKWeigelMHarloffA:Reproducibility and accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter assessment using ultrasound compared to magnetic resonance imaging.2013;13:187.10.1186/1471-2377-13-187Search in Google Scholar
Candeliere Merlicco A, Gabaldón Torres L, Villaverde González R, Fernández Romero I, Aparicio Castro E, Lastres Arias MC: Transorbital ultrasonography for measuring optic nerve atrophy in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 138: 388–393.Candeliere MerliccoAGabaldón TorresLVillaverde GonzálezRFernández RomeroIAparicio CastroELastres AriasMC:Transorbital ultrasonography for measuring optic nerve atrophy in multiple sclerosis.2018;138:388–393.10.1111/ane.12976Search in Google Scholar
Ophir J, Céspedes I, Ponnekanti H, Yazdi Y, Li X: Elastography: a quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues. Ultrason Imaging 1991; 13: 111–134.OphirJCéspedesIPonnekantiHYazdiYLiX:Elastography: a quantitative method for imaging the elasticity of biological tissues.1991;13:111–134.10.1177/016173469101300201Search in Google Scholar
Ophir J, Cespedes I, Garra B, Ponnekanti H, Huang Y, Maklad N: Elastography: ultrasonic imaging of tissue strain and elastic modulus in vivo. Eur J Ultrasound 1996; 3: 49–70.OphirJCespedesIGarraBPonnekantiHHuangYMakladN:Elastography: ultrasonic imaging of tissue strain and elastic modulus in vivo.1996;3:49–70.10.1016/0929-8266(95)00134-4Search in Google Scholar
Oestreicher HL: Field and impedance of an oscillating sphere in a viscoelastic medium with an application to biophysics. J Acoust Soc Am 1951; 23: 707–714.OestreicherHL:Field and impedance of an oscillating sphere in a viscoelastic medium with an application to biophysics.1951;23:707–714.10.1121/1.1906828Search in Google Scholar
Batur M, Batur A, Çilingir V, Seven E, Çinal A, Bora A et al.: Ultrasonic elastography evaluation in optic neuritis. Semin Ophthalmol 2018; 33: 237–241.BaturMBaturAÇilingirVSevenEÇinalABoraA:Ultrasonic elastography evaluation in optic neuritis.2018;33:237–241.Search in Google Scholar
Burulday V, Doğan A, Şahan MH, Arıkan Ş, Güngüneş A: Ultrasound elastography of the median nerve in patients with acromegaly: a case-control study. J Ultrasound Med 2018; 37: 2371–2377.BuruldayVDoğanAŞahanMHArıkanŞGüngüneşA:Ultrasound elastography of the median nerve in patients with acromegaly: a case-control study.2018;37:2371–2377.10.1002/jum.1459129516525Search in Google Scholar
Dikici AS, Mihmanli I, Kilic F, Ozkok A, Kuyumcu G, Sultan P et al.: In vivo evaluation of the bio-mechanical properties of optic nerve and peripapillary structures by ultrasonic shear wave elastography in glaucoma. Iran J Radiol 2016; 13: e36849.DikiciASMihmanliIKilicFOzkokAKuyumcuGSultanP:In vivo evaluation of the bio-mechanical properties of optic nerve and peripapillary structures by ultrasonic shear wave elastography in glaucoma.2016;13:36849.10.5812/iranjradiol.36849503973527703662Search in Google Scholar
Özen Ö, Özer MA, Tosun A, Özen S: Evaluation of the optic nerve and scleral-choroidal-retinal layer with ultrasound elastography in glaucoma and physiological optic nerve head cupping. Med Ultrason 2018; 1: 76–79.ÖzenÖÖzerMATosunAÖzenS:Evaluation of the optic nerve and scleral-choroidal-retinal layer with ultrasound elastography in glaucoma and physiological optic nerve head cupping.2018;1:76–79.10.11152/mu-111629400372Search in Google Scholar
Barnett SB, Duck F, Ziskin M: WFUMB Symposium on Safety of Ultrasound in Medicine: conclusions and recommendations on biological effects and safety of ultrasound contrast agents, 2006. Ultrasound Med Biol 2007; 33: 233–234.BarnettSBDuckFZiskinM:WFUMB Symposium on Safety of Ultrasound in Medicine: conclusions and recommendations on biological effects and safety of ultrasound contrast agents, 2006.2007;33:233–234.10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.07.00417239522Search in Google Scholar