Epistaxis management - our point of view and literature review

1. Daudia A, Jaiswal V, Jones NS. Guidelines for the management of idiopathic epistaxis in adults: how we do it. Clinical Otolaryngol. 2008;33(6):618–20. DOI:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01795.x.10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01795.x19126142Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2. Paul J, Kanotra SP, Kanotra S. Endoscopic Management of Posterior Epistaxis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;63(2):141-4. DOI: 10.1007/s12070-010-0054-0.10.1007/s12070-010-0054-0310216222468250Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Pond F, Sizeland A. Epistaxis strategies for management. Australian Family Physician. 2000;29(10):933-8.Search in Google Scholar

4. Beran M, Petruson B. Occurrence of epistaxis in habitual nose-bleeders and analysis of some etiological factors. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1986;48(5):297-303.10.1159/0002758863785907Search in Google Scholar

5. Manfredini R, Portaluppi F, Salmi R, Martini A, Gallerani M. Circadian variation in onset of epistaxis: analysis of hospital admissions. BMJ. 2000;321:1112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7269.1112.10.1136/bmj.321.7269.11122751811061731Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6. Kaluskar SK. Endoscopic sinus surgery: a practical approach. London: Springer-Verlag; 1977, p.107–110.Search in Google Scholar

7. Résultats de l’Observatoire français de l’épistaxis. Revue Officielle de la Société Française d’O.R.L. 2002;75:62-67.Search in Google Scholar

8. Tabassom A, Cho JJ. Epistaxis (Nose Bleed). [Update 2017 May 25] In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2017. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK435997/Search in Google Scholar

9. Klotz DA, Winkle MR, Richmon J, Hengerer AS. Surgical management of posterior epistaxis: a changing paradigm. Laryngoscope. 2002;112(9):1577-82.10.1097/00005537-200209000-0000812352666Search in Google Scholar

10. Viehweg TL, Roberson JB, Hudson JW. Epistaxis: diagnosis and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64(3):511-8. DOI:S0278-2391(05)01815-X.10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.03116487816Search in Google Scholar

11. Loukil H, Snoussi M, Fourati H, Frikha F, Salah RB, Jallouli M, et al. Liver involvement in Rendu-Osler disease: a case report and review of literature. Pan Afr Med J. 2016;24:326. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.326.9816.10.11604/pamj.2016.24.326.9816526791128154681Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Boujrad S, El Hasbaoui B, Echahdi H, Malih M, Agadr A. Factor V congenital deficiency: about a case. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;27:182. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.182.12285.10.11604/pamj.2017.27.182.12285557942928904709Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Mohamed OM, Govindan A, Filimonov A, Sylvester MJ, Zaki M, Baredes S, et al. Impact of liver disease on outcomes of patients hospitalized for epistaxis. Laryngoscope. 2017. DOI: 10.1002/lary.26624. [Epub ahead of print]10.1002/lary.26624.[EpubaheadprintOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

14. Bertrand B, Eloy Ph, Rombaux Ph, Lamarque C, Watelet JB, Collet S. Guidelines to the management of epistaxis. B-ENT. 2005;1(Suppl. 1):27-43.Search in Google Scholar

15. Guarisco JL, Graham HD 3rd. Epistaxis in children: causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Ear Nose Throat J. 1989;68(7):522, 528-30, 532 passim.Search in Google Scholar

16. Bailey BJ. Johnson JT, Newlands SD, Calhoun KH, Deskin RW, eds. Head and Neck Surgery–Otolaryngology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.Search in Google Scholar

17. Lloyd S, Almeyda J, Di Cuffa R, Shah K. The effect of silver nitrate on nasal septal cartilage. Ear Nose Throat J. 2005;84(1):41-4.10.1177/014556130508400115Search in Google Scholar

18. Cho JH, Kim YH. Epistaxis. In: Gendeh BS (ed.). Otolaryngology. InTech; 2012. DOI: 10.5772/37129. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/otolaryngology/epistaxis10.5772/37129.Availablefrom:https://www.intechopen.com/books/otolaryngology/epistaxisOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Newton E, Lasso A, Petrcich W, Kilty SJ. An outcomes analysis of anterior epistaxis management in the emergency department. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;45:24. DOI:10.1186/s40463-016-0138-2.10.1186/s40463-016-0138-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Johnson N, Faria J, Behar P. A Comparison of Bipolar Electrocautery and Chemical Cautery for Control of Pediatric Recurrent Anterior Epistaxis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;153(5):851-6. DOI: 10.1177/0194599815589583. Epub 2015 Jun 30.10.1177/0194599815589583.Epub201530Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Schreiner L. Complications and errors in the management of nose bleeding (author’s transl). Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1976;55:257-63.Search in Google Scholar

22. Manea C, Sabaru I, Sanda C. Nasal packing in endonasal surgery - a literature review. Romanian Journal of Rhinology. 2011;1(4):210-4.Search in Google Scholar

23. Moumoulidis I, Draper MR, Patel H, Jani P, Price T. A prospective randomised controlled trial comparing Merocel and Rapid Rhino nasal tampons in the treatment of epistaxis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;263(8):719-22. Epub 2006 May 10.10.1007/s00405-006-0047-5Search in Google Scholar

24. Derkay CS, Hirsch BE, Johnson JT, Wagner RL. Posterior nasal packing. Are intravenous antibiotics really necessary? Arch Otolaryngol Head neck Surg. 1989;115(4):439-41.10.1001/archotol.1989.01860280037013Search in Google Scholar

25. García Callejo FJ, Muñoz Fernández N, Achiques Martínez MT, Frías Moya-Angeler S, Montoro Elena MJ, Algarra JM. Nasal packing in posterior epistaxis. Comparison of two methods. Acta Otorrinolaringologica Esp. 2010;61(3):196-201. DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2009.11.005. Epub 2010 Feb 6.10.1016/j.otorri.2009.11.005.Epub2010Feb6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26. Pritikin JB, Caldarelli DD, Panje WR. Endoscopic ligation of the internal maxillary artery for treatment of intractable posterior epistaxis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1998;107(2):85–91.10.1177/000348949810700201Search in Google Scholar

27. Hashmi S, Gopaul S, Prinsley PR, Sansom JR. Swallowed nasal pack: a rare but serious complication of the management of epistaxis. J Laryngol Otol. 2004;118(5):372-3.10.1258/002221504323086589Search in Google Scholar

28. Civelek B, Kargi AE, Sensöz O, Erdogan B. Rare complication of nasal packing: alar region necrosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;123(5):656-7.10.1067/mhn.2000.110619Search in Google Scholar

29. Nahass RG, Gocke DJ. Toxic shock syndrome associated with use of a nasal tampon. Am J Med. 1988;84(3 Pt 2):629-31.10.1016/0002-9343(88)90147-7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30. Pinto JA, Cintra PPV da C, Sônego TB, Leal C de FA, Artico MS, Soares J dos S. Severe complication of posterior nasal packing: Case Report. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;16(4):527-9. DOI: 10.7162/S1809-97772012000400016.10.7162/S1809-97772012000400016Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31. Odat H, Al-Qudah M. Endoscopic monopolar cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery: a single surgeons experience. Ann Saudi Med. 2016;36(6):422-6.10.5144/0256-4947.2016.422Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32. O’Donnell M, Robertson G, McGarry GW. A new bipolar diathermy probe for the outpatient management of adult acute epistaxis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1999;24(6):537-41.10.1046/j.1365-2273.1999.00311.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

33. Zou Y, Deng YQ, Xiao CW, Kong YG, Xu Y, Tao ZZ, et al. Comparison of outcomes between endoscopic surgery and conventional nasal packing for epistaxis in the posterior fornix of the inferior nasal meatus. Pak J Med Scie. 2015;31(6):1361-5. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.316.8340.10.12669/pjms.316.8340Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

34. Wurman LH, Sack JG, Flannery JV Jr., Paulson TO. Selective endoscopic electrocautery for posterior epistaxis. Laryngoscope. 1988;98(12):1348-9. DOI: 10.1288/00005537-198812000-00013.10.1288/00005537-198812000-00013Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35. Cummings CW. Cummings Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2005.Search in Google Scholar

36. Small M, Maran AG. Epistaxis and arterial ligation. J Laryngol Otol. 1984;98(3):281-4. DOI: 10.1017/S0022215100146572.10.1017/S0022215100146572Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

37. Metson R, Lane R. Internal maxillary artery ligation for epistaxis: an analysis of failures. Laryngosocope. 1988;98(7):760-4.10.1288/00005537-198807000-00015Search in Google Scholar

38. Strong EB, Bell DA, Johnson LP, Jacobs JM. Intractable epistaxis: transantral ligation vs. embolization: efficacy review and cost analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;113(6):674-8.10.1016/S0194-5998(95)70004-8Search in Google Scholar

39. Sokoloff J, Wickbom I, McDonald D, Brahme F, Goergen TC, Goldberger LE. Therapeutic percutaneous embolization in intractable epistaxis. Radiology. 1974;111(2):285-7. DOI: 10.1148/111.2.285.10.1148/111.2.2854818964Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40. Chandler JR, Serrins AJ. Transantral ligation of the internal maxillary artery for epistaxis. Laryngoscope. 1965;75(7):1151-9.10.1288/00005537-196507000-0001114344526Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41. Stamm AC, Pinto JA, Neto AF, Menon AD. Microsurgery in severe posterior epistaxis. Rhinology. 1985;23(4):321-5.Search in Google Scholar

42. Elden L, Montanera W, Terbrugge K, Willinsky R, Lasjaunias P, Charles D. Angiographic embolization for the treatment of epistaxis: a review of 108 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;111(1):44–50.10.1177/019459989411100110Search in Google Scholar

43. Strach K, Schröck A, Wilhelm K, Greschus S, Tschampa H, Mohlenbruch M, et al. Endovascular treatment of epistaxis: indications, management, and outcome. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2011;34(6):1190-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-011-0155-5. Epub 2011 Apr 7.10.1007/s00270-011-0155-5Search in Google Scholar

44. Loaëc M, Moriniere S, Hitier M, Ferrant O, Plauchu H, Babin E. Psychosocial quality of life in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia patients. Rhinology. 2011;49(2):164-7. DOI: 10.4193/Rhino10.090.10.4193/Rhino10.090Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

45. Sadick H, Naim R, Oulmi J, Hormann K, Bergler W. Plasma surgery and topical estriol: effects on the nasal mucosa and long-term results in patients with Osler’s disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129(3):233-8.10.1016/S0194-5998(03)00361-9Search in Google Scholar

46. Rimmer J, Lund VJ. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Rhinology. 2015;53(3):195-203.10.4193/Rhino14.27426460394Search in Google Scholar

47. Wang B, Zu QQ, Liu XL, Zhou CG, Xia JG, Zhao LB, et al. Transarterial embolization in the management of intractable epistaxis: the angiographic findings and results based on etiologies. Acta Otolaryngol. 2016;136(8):864-8. DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2016.1164896. Epub 2016 Apr 8.10.3109/00016489.2016.116489627055585Search in Google Scholar