This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Viscoli C. The evolution of the empirical management of fever and neutropenia in cancer patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 41(Suppl D): 65–80.ViscoliCThe evolution of the empirical management of fever and neutropenia in cancer patients199841Suppl D658010.1093/jac/41.suppl_4.65Search in Google Scholar
Bodey GP, Buckley M, Sathe YS, Freireich EJ. Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med 1966; 64: 328–40.BodeyGPBuckleyMSatheYSFreireichEJQuantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia1966643284010.7326/0003-4819-64-2-328Search in Google Scholar
Zwitter M, Stanic K, Rajer M, Kern I, Vrankar M, Edelbaher N, et al. Intercalated chemotherapy and erlotinib for advanced NSCLC: high proportion of complete remissions and prolonged progression-free survival among patients with EGFR activating mutations. Radiol Oncol 2014; 48: 361–8.ZwitterMStanicKRajerMKernIVrankarMEdelbaherNIntercalated chemotherapy and erlotinib for advanced NSCLC: high proportion of complete remissions and prolonged progression-free survival among patients with EGFR activating mutations201448361810.2478/raon-2014-0038Search in Google Scholar
Klastersky J, Awada A, Paesmans M, Aoun M. Febrile neutropenia: a critical review of the initial management. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 78: 185–94.KlasterskyJAwadaAPaesmansMAounMFebrile neutropenia: a critical review of the initial management2011781859410.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.03.008Search in Google Scholar
Sickles EA, Greene WH, Wiernik PH. Clinical presentation of infection in granulocytopenic patients. Arch Intern Med 1975; 135 715–9.SicklesEAGreeneWHWiernikPHClinical presentation of infection in granulocytopenic patients1975135715910.1001/archinte.1975.00330050089015Search in Google Scholar
Rolston KI. Neutropenic fever and sepsis: evaluation and management. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 161: 181–202.RolstonKINeutropenic fever and sepsis: evaluation and management201416118120210.1007/978-3-319-04220-6_6Search in Google Scholar
Kukec RR, Grabnar I, Vovk T, Mrhar A, Kovac V, Cufer T. Febrile neutropenia in chemotherapy treated small-cell lung cancer patients. Radiol Oncol 2015; 49: 173–80.KukecRRGrabnarIVovkTMrharAKovacVCuferTFebrile neutropenia in chemotherapy treated small-cell lung cancer patients2015491738010.2478/raon-2014-0050Search in Google Scholar
Launey Y, Nesseler N, Mallédant Y, Seguin P. Clinical review: fever in septic ICU patients-friend or foe? Crit Care 2011; 15: 222.LauneyYNesselerNMallédantYSeguinPClinical review: fever in septic ICU patients-friend or foe?20111522210.1186/cc10097Search in Google Scholar
Schortgen F. Fever in sepsis. Minerva Anestesiol 2012; 78: 1254–64.SchortgenFFever in sepsis201278125464Search in Google Scholar
Kluger MJ, Kozak W, Conn CA, Leon LR, Soszynski D. Role of fever in disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 856: 224–33.KlugerMJKozakWConnCALeonLRSoszynskiDRole of fever in disease.Ann N Y19988562243310.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08329.xSearch in Google Scholar
Hasday JD, Fairchild KD, Shanholtz C. The role of fever in the infected host. Microbes Infect2000; 2: 1891–904.HasdayJDFairchildKDShanholtzCThe role of fever in the infected host20002189190410.1016/S1286-4579(00)01337-XSearch in Google Scholar
Mackowiak PA. Concepts of fever. Arch Intern Med 1998;158: 1870–81.MackowiakPAConcepts of fever1998158:18708110.1001/archinte.158.17.1870Search in Google Scholar
Freifeld AG, Bow EJ, Sepkowitz KA, Boeckh MJ, Ito JI, Mullen CA, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52: 56–93.FreifeldAGBowEJSepkowitzKABoeckhMJItoJIMullenCAClinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America201152569310.1093/cid/cir073Search in Google Scholar
De Naurois J, Novitzky-Basso I, Gill MJ, Marti FM, Cullen MH, Roila F. Management of febrile neutropenia: ESMO clinical practice guidelines. Ann Oncol 2010;21(Suppl 5): 252–6.De NauroisJNovitzky-BassoIGillMJMartiFMCullenMHRoilaFManagement of febrile neutropenia: ESMO clinical practice guidelines201021Suppl 5252610.1093/annonc/mdq196Search in Google Scholar
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections. Version 2. [Cited 11 Jun 2015]. Available at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/ physician_gls/pdf/infections.pdf.National Comprehensive Cancer NetworkNCCN Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections Version 2[Cited 11 Jun 2015] Available athttp://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/infections.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Kushimoto S, Yamanouchi S, Endo T, Sato S, Nomura R, Fujita M, et al. Body temperature abnormalities in non-neurological critically ill patients: a review of the literature. J Intensive Care 2014;2: 14.KushimotoSYamanouchiSEndoTSatoSNomuraRFujitaMBody temperature abnormalities in non-neurological critically ill patients: a review of the literature201421410.1186/2052-0492-2-14Search in Google Scholar
Hasday JD, Garrison A. Antipyretic therapy in patients with sepsis. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31(Suppl 5): 234–41.HasdayJDGarrisonAAntipyretic therapy in patients with sepsis200031Suppl 52344110.1086/317514Search in Google Scholar
Rolston KVI, Bodey GP, Safdar A. polymicrobial infection in patients with cancer: an underappreciated and underreported entity. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45: 228–33.RolstonKVIBodeyGPSafdar Apolymicrobial infection in patients with cancer: an underappreciated and underreported entity2007452283310.1086/518873Search in Google Scholar
Klastersky J, Paesmans M, Rubenstein EB, Boyer M, Elting L, Feld R, et al. The multinational association for supportive care in cancer risk index: a multinational scoring system for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2000; 183038–51.KlasterskyJPaesmansMRubensteinEBBoyerMEltingLFeldRThe multinational association for supportive care in cancer risk index: a multinational scoring system for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients20001830385110.1200/JCO.2000.18.16.3038Search in Google Scholar
Piccirillo JF, Tierney RM, Costas I, Grove L, Spitznagel EL. Prognostic importance of comorbidity in a hospital-based cancer registry. JAMA 2004;291: 2441–7.PiccirilloJFTierneyRMCostasIGroveLSpitznagelELPrognostic importance of comorbidity in a hospital-based cancer registry20042912441710.1001/jama.291.20.2441Search in Google Scholar
Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40: 373–83.CharlsonMEPompeiPAlesKLMacKenzieCRA new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation1987403738310.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8Search in Google Scholar
Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, et al. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 2003;31: 1250–6.LevyMMFinkMPMarshallJCAbrahamEAngusDCookD2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference2003311250610.1097/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B12682500Search in Google Scholar
Feld R, Paesmans M, Freifeld AG, Klastersky J, Pizzo PA, Rolston KVI, et al. Methodology for clinical trials involving patients with cancer who have febrile neutropenia: updated guidelines of the Immunocompromised Host Society/Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer, with emphasis on outpatient studies. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1463–8.FeldRPaesmansMFreifeldAGKlasterskyJPizzoPARolstonKVIMethodology for clinical trials involving patients with cancer who have febrile neutropenia: updated guidelines of the Immunocompromised Host Society/Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancerwith emphasis on outpatient studies2002351463810.1086/34465012471564Search in Google Scholar
Peres Bota D, Lopes Ferreira F, Mélot C, Vincent JL. Body temperature alterations in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med 2004;30: 811–6.Peres BotaDLopes FerreiraFMélotCVincentJLBody temperature alterations in the critically ill200430811610.1007/s00134-004-2166-z15127194Search in Google Scholar
Kushimoto S, Gando S, Saitoh D, Mayumi T, Ogura H, Fujishima S, et al. The impact of body temperature abnormalities on the disease severity and outcome in patients with severe sepsis: an analysis from a multicenter, prospective survey of severe sepsis. Crit Care 2013;17: R271.KushimotoSGandoSSaitohDMayumiTOguraHFujishimaSetThe impact of body temperature abnormalities on the disease severity and outcome in patients with severe sepsis: an analysis from a multicenterprospective survey of severe sepsis201317R27110.1186/cc13106405708624220071Search in Google Scholar
Young PJ, Saxena M, Beasley R, Bellomo R, Bailey M, Pilcher D, et al. Early peak temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with or without infection. Intensive Care Med 2012;38: 437–44.YoungPJSaxenaMBeasleyRBellomoRBaileyMPilcherDetEarly peak temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with or without infection2012384374410.1007/s00134-012-2478-322290072Search in Google Scholar
Drewry AM, Fuller BM, Skrupky LP, Hotchkiss RS. The presence of hypothermia within 24 hours of sepsis diagnosis predicts persistent lymphopenia. Crit Care Med 2015;43: 1165–9.DrewryAMFullerBMSkrupkyLPHotchkissRSThe presence of hypothermia within 24 hours of sepsis diagnosis predicts persistent lymphopenia2015431165910.1097/CCM.0000000000000940470092825793436Search in Google Scholar
Sprung CL, Peduzzi PN, Shatney CH, Schein RM, Wilson MF, Sheagren JN, et al. Impact of encephalopathy on mortality in the sepsis syndrome. Crit Care Med 1990;18: 801–6.SprungCLPeduzziPNShatneyCHScheinRMWilsonMFSheagrenJNet al Impact of encephalopathy on mortality in the sepsis syndrome199018801610.1097/00003246-199008000-000012379391Search in Google Scholar
Clemmer TP, Fisher CJJ, Bone RC, Slotman GJ, Metz CA, Thomas FO. Hypothermia in the sepsis syndrome and clinical outcome. Crit Care Med 1992;20: 1395–401.ClemmerTPFisherCJJBoneRCSlotmanGJMetzCAThomasFOHypothermia in the sepsis syndrome and clinical outcome199220139540110.1097/00003246-199210000-000061395659Search in Google Scholar
Weinkove R, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Saxena MK, Tam CS, Pilcher DV, et al. Association between early peak temperature and mortality in neutropenic sepsis. Ann Hematol 2015;94: 857–64.WeinkoveRBaileyMBellomoRSaxenaMKTamCSPilcherDVAssociation between early peak temperature and mortality in neutropenic sepsis2015948576410.1007/s00277-014-2273-z25516454Search in Google Scholar
Legrand M, Max A, Peigne V, Mariotte E, Canet E, Debrumetz A, et al. Survival in neutropenic patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Crit Care Med 2012;40: 43–9.LegrandMMaxAPeigneVMariotteECanetEDebrumetzASurvival in neutropenic patients with severe sepsis or septic shock20124043910.1097/CCM.0b013e31822b50c221926615Search in Google Scholar
Mokart D, Darmon M, Resche-Rigon M, Lemiale V, Pene F, Mayaux J, et al. Prognosis of neutropenic patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 2015;41: 296–303.MokartDDarmonMResche-RigonMLemialeVPeneFMayauxJPrognosis of neutropenic patients admitted to the intensive care unit20154129630310.1007/s00134-014-3615-y25578678Search in Google Scholar
Groeger JS, Glassman J, Nierman DM, Wallace SK, Price K, Horak D, et al. Probability of mortality of critically ill cancer patients at 72 h of intensive care unit (ICU) management. Support Care Cancer 2003;11: 686–95.GroegerJSGlassmanJNiermanDMWallaceSKPriceKHorakDProbability of mortality of critically ill cancer patients at 72 h of intensive care unit (ICU) management2003116869510.1007/s00520-003-0498-912905057Search in Google Scholar
Regazzoni CJ, Irrazabal C, Luna CM, Poderoso JJ. Cancer patients with septic shock: mortality predictors and neutropenia. Support Care Cancer 2004;12: 833–9.RegazzoniCJIrrazabalCLunaCMPoderosoJJCancer patients with septic shock: mortality predictors and neutropenia200412833910.1007/s00520-004-0667-515309590Search in Google Scholar
Souza-Dantas VC, Salluh JIF, Soares M. Impact of neutropenia on the outcomes of critically ill patients with cancer: a matched case-control study. Ann Oncol 2011; 222094–100.Souza-DantasVCSalluhJIFSoaresMImpact of neutropenia on the outcomes of critically ill patients with cancer: a matched case-control study201122209410010.1093/annonc/mdq71121289368Search in Google Scholar
Paesmans M, Klastersky J, Maertens J, Georgala A, Muanza F, Aoun M, et al. Predicting febrile neutropenic patients at low risk using the MASCC score: does bacteremia matter?Support Care Cancer 2011;19: 1001–8.PaesmansMKlasterskyJMaertensJGeorgalaAMuanzaFAounMPredicting febrile neutropenic patients at low risk using the MASCC score: does bacteremia matter?2011191001810.1007/s00520-010-0925-720596732Search in Google Scholar
Klastersky J, Ameye L, Maertens J, Georgala A, Muanza F, Aoun M, et al. Bacteraemia in febrile neutropenic cancer patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007;30(Suppl 1): 51–9.KlasterskyJAmeyeLMaertensJGeorgalaAMuanzaFAounMBacteraemia in febrile neutropenic cancer patients200730Suppl 151910.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.06.01217689933Search in Google Scholar
Gunnerson KJ, Saul M, He S, Kellum JA. Lactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: a retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients. Crit Care 2006;10: R22.GunnersonKJSaulMHeSKellumJALactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: a retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients200610R2210.1186/cc3987155083016507145Search in Google Scholar
Mato AR, Luger SM, Heitjan DF, Mikkelsen ME, Olson E, Ujjani C, et al. Elevation in serum lactate at the time of febrile neutropenia (FN) in hemodynamically-stable patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) is associated with the development of septic shock within 48 hours. Cancer Biol Ther 2010;9: 585–9.MatoARLugerSMHeitjanDFMikkelsenMEOlsonEUjjaniCElevation in serum lactate at the time of febrile neutropenia (FN) in hemodynamically-stable patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) is associated with the development of septic shock within 48 hours20109585910.4161/cbt.9.8.1127020160493Search in Google Scholar
Azoulay E, Soares M, Darmon M, Benoit D, Pastores S, Afessa B. Intensive care of the cancer patient: recent achievements and remaining challenges. Ann Intensive Care 2011;1: 5.AzoulayESoaresMDarmonMBenoitDPastoresSAfessaBIntensive care of the cancer patient: recent achievements and remaining challenges20111510.1186/2110-5820-1-5315989921906331Search in Google Scholar
Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008;36: 296–327.DellingerRPLevyMMCarletJMBionJParkerMMJaeschkeRSurviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 200820083629632710.1097/01.CCM.0000298158.12101.4118158437Search in Google Scholar
Tiruvoipati R, Ong K, Gangopadhyay H, Arora S, Carney I, Botha J. Hypothermia predicts mortality in critically ill elderly patients with sepsis. BMC Geriatr 2010;10: 70.TiruvoipatiROngKGangopadhyayHAroraSCarneyIBothaJHypothermia predicts mortality in critically ill elderly patients with sepsis2010107010.1186/1471-2318-10-70295503520875107Search in Google Scholar
Clarke RT, Bird S, Kakuchi I, Littlewood TJ, van Hamel Parsons V. The signs, symptoms and help-seeking experiences of neutropenic sepsis patients before they reach hospital: a qualitative study. Support Care Cancer 2015;23: 2687–94.ClarkeRTBirdSKakuchiILittlewoodTJvan Hamel ParsonsVThe signssymptoms and help-seeking experiences of neutropenic sepsis patients before they reach hospital: a qualitative study20152326879410.1007/s00520-015-2631-y25663575Search in Google Scholar
Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, Light B, Parrillo JE, Sharma S, et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med 2006;34: 1589–96.KumarARobertsDWoodKELightBParrilloJESharmaSDuration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock20063415899610.1097/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E916625125Search in Google Scholar
Lin MY, Weinstein RA, Hota B. Delay of active antimicrobial therapy and mortality among patients with bacteremia: impact of severe neutropenia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52: 3188–94.LinMYWeinsteinRAHotaBDelay of active antimicrobial therapy and mortality among patients with bacteremia: impact of severe neutropenia20085231889410.1128/AAC.01553-07253349818625778Search in Google Scholar
Bow EJ. Infection in neutropenic patients with cancer. Crit Care Clin2013;29: 411–41.BowEJInfection in neutropenic patients with cancer2013294114110.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.00223830647Search in Google Scholar