Evidence Based Practice in Using Antibiotics for Acute Tonsillitis in Primary Care Practice

1. Costelloe C, Metcalfe C, Lovering A, Mant D, Hay AD: Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010, 340:c2096.10.1136/bmj.c209620483949Search in Google Scholar

2. Central Asian and Eastern European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Annual report 2016. http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/central-asian-and-eastern-european-surveillance-of-antimicrobial-resistance.-annual-report-2016Search in Google Scholar

3. Petersen I, Hayward AC; SACAR Surveillance Subgroup. Antibacterial prescribing in primary care. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60 (suppl 1): i43–7.10.1093/jac/dkm15617656380Search in Google Scholar

4. Shapiro DJ, Hicks LA, Pavia AT, HershAL. Antibiotic prescribing for adults in ambulatory care in the USA, 2007–09. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:234–40.10.1093/jac/dkt30123887867Search in Google Scholar

5. Murphy M, Bradley CP, Byrne S. Antibiotic prescribing in primary care, adherence to guidelines and unnecessary prescribing–an Irish perspective. BMC Fam Pract. 2012;13: 43.10.1186/1471-2296-13-43343058922640399Search in Google Scholar

6. Centor RM, Witherspoon JM, Dalton HP, et al: The diagnosis of strep throat in adults in the emergency room. Med Decis Making. 1981;1(3):239–246.10.1177/0272989X81001003046763125Search in Google Scholar

7. McIsaac WJ, Goel V, To T. Low DE. The validity of a sore throat score in family practice. CMAJ 2000;163:811–815.Search in Google Scholar

8. Marjukka Makela Article ID: ebm00007 (038.020) EBM Guidelines, 27.04.2011, www.ebm-guidelines.com available at http://zdravstvo.gov.mk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Gusobolka-i-tonzilit.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

9. Teng CL, Tong SF, Khoo EM, Lee V, Zailinawati AH, Mimi O, et al. Antibiotics for URTI and UTI—prescribing in Malaysian primary care settings. Aust Fam Physician 2011;40:325–9.Search in Google Scholar

10. Teixeira Rodrigues A, Roque F, Falcão A, Figueiras A, Herdeiro MT. Understanding physician antibiotic prescribing behaviour: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013;41:203–12.10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.09.00323127482Search in Google Scholar

11. Plachouras D, Antoniadou A, Giannitsioti E, Galani L, Katsarolis I at all. Promoting prudent use of antibiotics: the experience from a multifaceted regional campaign in Greece. BMC Public Health 2014;14, 866.10.1186/1471-2458-14-866414892025149626Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Palla AH, KhanRA, Gilani AH, Marra F. Over prescription of antibiotics for adult pharyngitis is prevalent in developing countries but can be reduced using McIsaac modification of Centor scores: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm. Med. 2012;12:70.Search in Google Scholar

13. Orda U, Mitra B, Orda S, Fitzgerald M, Gunnarsson R, Rofe G, Dargan A. Point of care testing for group A streptococci in patients presenting with pharyngitis will improve appropriate antibiotic prescription. EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia 2016; 28: 199–204.10.1111/1742-6723.1256726934845Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14. Haldrup S, Thomsen RW, Bro F, Skov R, Bjerrum L, Søgaard M. Microbiological point of care testing before antibiotic prescribing in primary care: considerable variations between practices. BMC Fam. Pract 2017;18:1:9.10.1186/s12875-016-0576-y527021928125965Search in Google Scholar

15. Crocker A. Factors affecting adherence to evidence-based guidelines in the treatment of URI, sinusitis, and pharyngitis Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2013; 3: 20744 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v3i2.2074410.3402/jchimp.v3i2.20744371603223882403Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Ong DSY, Kuyvenhoven MM, van Dijk L, Verheij TJM: Antibiotics for respiratory, ear and urinary tract disorders and consistency among GPs. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008, 62:587–592.10.1093/jac/dkn23018544602Search in Google Scholar

17. Gröndal H, Hedin K, Strandberg EL, André M, Brorsson A. Near-patient tests and the clinical gaze in decision-making of Swedish GPs not following current guidelines for sore throat - a qualitative interview study. BMC family practice 2015;16: 81.10.1186/s12875-015-0285-y449127626141740Search in Google Scholar

18. Atlas SJ, McDermott SM, Mannone C, Barry M J. The role of point of care testing for patients with acute pharyngitis. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20(8):759–76.10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0143.x149017216050888Search in Google Scholar

19. Fine AM, Nizet V, Mandl KD. Large-Scale Validation of the Centor and McIsaac Scores to Predict Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis. Arch Intern Med 2012;172(11): 847–852.10.1001/archinternmed.2012.950362773322566485Search in Google Scholar

20. Kose E, Kose SS, Akca D, Yildiz K, Elmas C, Baris M, Anil M. The effect of rapid antigen detection test on antibiotic prescription decision of clinicians and reducing antibiotic costs in children with acute pharyngitis. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2016;62: 308–315.10.1093/tropej/fmw01426999012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Health insurance found; Annual report for Consumption of prescriped drugs in Macedonia from the list of drugs covered by the Fund in primary care. http://www.fzo.org.mk/WBStorage/Files/Izvestaj%20za%20potrosuvacka%20na%20lekovi%20PPLL%20-%202015.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

22. Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, editors. Streptococcus pyogenes : Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations [Internet]. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2016-. Chapter: Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance. Page 947. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK333424/Search in Google Scholar