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Relationship between dissolved organic carbon and bacterial community in the coastal waters of Incheon, Korea

Pengbin Wang
Pengbin Wang
, 
Jae-Hyoung Joo
Jae-Hyoung Joo
, 
Bum Soo Park
Bum Soo Park
, 
Joo-Hwan Kim
Joo-Hwan Kim
, 
Jin Ho Kim
Jin Ho Kim
 e 
Myung-Soo Han
Myung-Soo Han
   | 06 mar 2017
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Article Category: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 06 mar 2017
Pagine: 50 - 61
Ricevuto: 02 mar 2016
Accettato: 06 giu 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2017-0006
© Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland. All rights reserved.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Sampling sites in the Yeongheung-do coastal waters, Incheon, Korea. St. 1: Site 1. St. 2: Site 2. St. 3: Site 3
Sampling sites in the Yeongheung-do coastal waters, Incheon, Korea. St. 1: Site 1. St. 2: Site 2. St. 3: Site 3

Figure 2

Physicochemical factor fluctuations at St. 1 through St.3 during field monitoring. A: Temperature; B: Salinity; C: pH; D: Dissolved oxygen (DO); E: Chlorophyll a, note the y axis break in E: Break from 0.6 to 0.8
Physicochemical factor fluctuations at St. 1 through St.3 during field monitoring. A: Temperature; B: Salinity; C: pH; D: Dissolved oxygen (DO); E: Chlorophyll a, note the y axis break in E: Break from 0.6 to 0.8

Figure 3

Nutrient variations at St. 1 through St. 3 during field monitoring. A: Phosphate; B: Ammonia; C: Nitrite; D: Nitrate; E: Silicate; F: N:P ratio; the dotted N:P line represents a value of 16, which is the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio in the plankton and is remarkably similar to the global ocean dissolved nitrate to phosphate ratio (16:1) (Redfield 1958)
Nutrient variations at St. 1 through St. 3 during field monitoring. A: Phosphate; B: Ammonia; C: Nitrite; D: Nitrate; E: Silicate; F: N:P ratio; the dotted N:P line represents a value of 16, which is the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio in the plankton and is remarkably similar to the global ocean dissolved nitrate to phosphate ratio (16:1) (Redfield 1958)

Figure 4

Bacteria, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phytoplankton variations at St. 1 through St. 3 during field monitoring. A: Bacteria abundance; B: DOC concentration; C: phytoplankton abundance
Bacteria, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phytoplankton variations at St. 1 through St. 3 during field monitoring. A: Bacteria abundance; B: DOC concentration; C: phytoplankton abundance

Figure 5

DGGE band patterns (negatively converted) obtained from the 2013 field monitoring campaign in Yeongheung-do, Incheon, Korea. 1. 08-27-2013 St. 1- Surface; 2. 08-27-2013 St. 1 - Bottom; 3. 08-27-2013 St. 2 - Surface; 4. 08-27-2013 St. 2 - Bottom; 5. 09-24-2013 St. 1 - Surface; 6. 09-24-2013 St. 1 - Bottom; 7. 09-24-2013 St. 2 - Surface; 8. 09-24-2013 St. 2 - Bottom; 9. 10-29-2013 St. 1 - Surface; 10. 10-29-2013 St. 1 - Bottom; 11. 10-29-2013 St. 2 - Surface; 12. 10-29-2013 St. 2 - Bottom
DGGE band patterns (negatively converted) obtained from the 2013 field monitoring campaign in Yeongheung-do, Incheon, Korea. 1. 08-27-2013 St. 1- Surface; 2. 08-27-2013 St. 1 - Bottom; 3. 08-27-2013 St. 2 - Surface; 4. 08-27-2013 St. 2 - Bottom; 5. 09-24-2013 St. 1 - Surface; 6. 09-24-2013 St. 1 - Bottom; 7. 09-24-2013 St. 2 - Surface; 8. 09-24-2013 St. 2 - Bottom; 9. 10-29-2013 St. 1 - Surface; 10. 10-29-2013 St. 1 - Bottom; 11. 10-29-2013 St. 2 - Surface; 12. 10-29-2013 St. 2 - Bottom

Figure 6

DGGE pattern clustering analysis using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) for samples collected from St. 1 to St. 3 during the 2013 field monitoring campaign. Distinct background colors used to distinguish the months in different clades.
DGGE pattern clustering analysis using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) for samples collected from St. 1 to St. 3 during the 2013 field monitoring campaign. Distinct background colors used to distinguish the months in different clades.

Figure 7

Redundancy analysis (RDA) of field monitoring data for physicochemical and biotic factors. A significant relationship existed between DOC and bacterial abundance. Cumulative percentage variance of the first two axes was 70.64% and 73.79%, respectively.
Redundancy analysis (RDA) of field monitoring data for physicochemical and biotic factors. A significant relationship existed between DOC and bacterial abundance. Cumulative percentage variance of the first two axes was 70.64% and 73.79%, respectively.

Figure S1

DGGE pattern clustering analysis using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) for samples collected from St. 1 to St. 3 during the 2014 field monitoring campaign. Distinct background colors used to distinguish the months in different clades.
DGGE pattern clustering analysis using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) for samples collected from St. 1 to St. 3 during the 2014 field monitoring campaign. Distinct background colors used to distinguish the months in different clades.

Correlations between physicochemical and biotic factors measured during field monitoring

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1. Bacteria Pearson Correlation 1
p value
N 48
2. Phytoplankton Pearson Correlation .157 1
p value .287
N 48 54
3. Temperature Pearson Correlation .206 .050 1
p value .160 .718
N 48 54 54
4. Salinity Pearson Correlation -.098 -.150 -.185 1
p value .510 .279 .179
N 48 54 54 54
5. DO Pearson Correlation .015 .546

p<0.01

 -.443

p<0.01

 -.358

p<0.01

 1
p value .918 .000 .001 .008
N 48 54 54 54 54
6.pH Pearson Correlation .291* .009 .459

p<0.01

 .067 -.170 1
p value .045 .948 .000 .631 .218
N 48 54 54 54 54 54
7. DOC Pearson Correlation .625

p<0.01

 -.056 .103 -.298 .108 -.036 1
p value .000 .781 .609 .131 .593 .859
N 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
8. PO43- Pearson Correlation -.208 -.357 -.057 -.555

p<0.01

 .107 -.016 .092 1
p value .299 .067 .778 .003 .595 .938 .647
N 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
9. NH4+ Pearson Correlation .268 -.270 .549

p<0.01

 -.295 -.336 .103 .511

p<0.01

 .026 1
p value .176 .174 .003 .135 .087 .608 .006 .897
N 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
10. NO2− Pearson Correlation -.007 -.263 .476

p<0.01

 -.215 -.303 .281 -.020 .443

p<0.01

 .157 1
p value .973 .184 .012 .281 .124 .156 .920 .021 .435
N 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
11. NO3− Pearson Correlation -.020 -.224 .340 -.458

p<0.01

 -.087 .146 .092 .793

p<0.01

 .217 .583

p<0.01

 1
p value .922 .262 .082 .016 .667 .468 .649 .000 .277 .001
N 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
12.SiO4− Pearson Correlation -.120 -.378 .498

p<0.01

 -.203 -.340 .348 .007 .545

p<0.01

 .281 .827

p<0.01

 .734

p<0.01

 1
p value .551 .052 .008 .311 .082 .075 .971 .003 .156 .000 .000
N 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27

Depth of sampling sites

Date Depth (m)
St.1 St.2 St.3
2013-08-27 2.5 6 ND
2013-09-24 4 7 ND
2013-10-29 3 7 ND
2014-08-28 2 6.5 11
2014-09-25 2 6 10
2014-10-28 3 6 12
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