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Impact of habitat heterogeneity on the biodiversity and density of the zooplankton community in shallow wetlands (Upo wetlands, South Korea)

Jong-Yun Choi
Jong-Yun Choi
, 
Kwang-Seuk Jeong
Kwang-Seuk Jeong
, 
Seong-Ki Kim
Seong-Ki Kim
 e 
Gea-Jae Joo
Gea-Jae Joo
   | 14 dic 2016
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Article Category: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 14 dic 2016
Pagine: 485 - 492
Ricevuto: 28 feb 2016
Accettato: 19 apr 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0041
Parole chiave
© Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland. All rights reserved.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Map of the study site located in the southeastern part of South Korea
Map of the study site located in the southeastern part of South Korea

Figure 2

Zooplankton density and species diversity during spring and autumn for the four identified habitat types H – helophyte zone; P – pleustophyte zone; M – mixed vegetation zone (pleustophytes, nymphaeids, and elodeids); O – open water zone. The bars represent an average of 3 replicates (±SD). Letters above the bars indicate statistically different mean values.
Zooplankton density and species diversity during spring and autumn for the four identified habitat types H – helophyte zone; P – pleustophyte zone; M – mixed vegetation zone (pleustophytes, nymphaeids, and elodeids); O – open water zone. The bars represent an average of 3 replicates (±SD). Letters above the bars indicate statistically different mean values.

Environmental parameters measured during the spring and autumn of 2009 in the four identified habitat types H – helophyte zone; P – pleustophyte zone; M – mixed vegetation zone (pleustophytes, nymphaeids, and elodeids); O – open water zone; Mean±SE; ANOVA results (*statistically significant)

Seasons Environmental parameters H P M O Habitat types (p)
Spring Depth (m) 0.3±0.1 0.5±0.2 0.7±0.2 0.5±0.4 0.846
Water temperature (°C) 17.5±4.8 18.4±5.6 18.9±3.7 17.8±4.1 0.734
Dissolved oxygen (%) 42.7±12.8 21.5±11.8 23.4±12.1 53.8±21.7 0.037*
pH 7.5±0.7 7.6±0.8 7.6±0.9 8.1±0.4 0.627
Conductivity (µS cm ) 322.8±112 312.4±105 285.7±95 312.4±131 0.728
Chlorophyll a (µg l ) 25.8±12.6 28.4±13.5 27.6±17.2 16.7±6.2 0.157
Autumn Depth (m) 0.4±0.2 0.6±0.2 0.6±0.2 0.5±0.2 0.748
Water temperature (°C) 22.5±4.8 24.4±5.6 25.1±2.1 23.2±3.5 0.648
Dissolved oxygen (%) 17.2±9.8 18.2±5.4 17.8±4.6 34.2±11.2 0.031*
pH 7.5±0.7 7.6±0.8 7.6±0.9 8.1±0.4 0.681
Conductivity (µS cm ) 312.8±112 308.7±56 304.8±85 311.2±147 0.816
Chlorophyll a (µg l ) 36.3±14.7 32.8±21.7 33.1±14.1 22.7±9.7 0.213

Two-way ANOVA results for the relationship between the season (spring and autumn) and the habitat and the zooplankton density

Factors n d.f. F P
Season 119 1 0.074 0.724
Habitat 119 1 7.906 0.008
Season × Habitat 238 1 0.000 0.895

List of zooplankton species found in the four identified habitat types during the spring and autumn of 2009

Taxa Spring Autumn
H P M O H P M O
Rotifers
Anuraeopsis fissa + + + +
Brachionus angularis + + + + +
Brachionus quadridentatus + + + + +
Colurella obtusa + + +
Euchlanis dilatata +
Keratella valga + + +
Lecane ludwigii + +
Lepadella oblongata + + + + +
Monostyla bulla + +
Monostyla closterocerca +
Monostyla hamata + + +
Monostyla pygmaea + + + + + +
Monostyla furgata +
Mytilina ventralis + + +
Monomata grandis + +
Philodina roseola +
Platyias patulus + + +
Ploesoma tetractis +
Ploesoma truncatum + + + +
Polyarthra remata + + + + +
Squatinella mutica + + + +
Testudinella patina + +
Trichocerca pusilla + + +
Trichocerca rattus +
Trichocerca gracilis + +
Trichotria pocillum + +
Trichotria tetractis + +
Cladocerans
Acropenus harpae +
Alona guttata + + +
Camptocercus rectirostris +
Chydorus sphaericus + +
Coronatella rectangula + + + + + + +
Diaphanosoma brachyurum + +
Graptoleberis testudinaria +
Iltocryptus spinifer +
Pleuxus denticulata + + +
Pleuxus laevis +
Simocephalus exponisus + +
Simocephalus vetulus + + + +
Scapholeberis kingi + +
Copepods
Mesocyclops leuckarti + + + + +
Thermocyclops crassus + + + + +
Thermocyclops taihokuensis + + +

Species names of aquatic macrophytes and dry weight along with the number of samples collected in spring and autumn in the four identified habitat types

Habitat types Species of aquatic macrophytes Sampling point Dry weight (g dw m−2)
Spring Autumn
Helophytes zones Phragmites communis (TRIN.) 32 22.7±6.7 29.7±5.7
Paspalum distichum var. indutum Shinners 12.3±5.4 16.4±9.4
Pleustophytes zones Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) 27 12.6±6.4 21.4±8.7
Salvinia natans (L.) ALL 8.2±2.4 14.8±4.4
Mixed plants zones Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) 30 15.8±7.1 28.7±6.1
Salvinia natans (L.) 6.7±4.7 21.8±9.8
Ceratophyllum demersum (L.) 23.4±9.4 35.7±11.7
Potamogeton crispus (L.) 25.7±6.8 36.7±8.7
Najas graminea (L.) 13.4±5.4 21.7±6.9
Open water zones - 30 - -
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