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Forms of grease ice ridges on the south coast of the Baltic Sea

Józef P. Girjatowicz
Józef P. Girjatowicz
   | 22 set 2016
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Article Category: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 22 set 2016
Pagine: 324 - 336
Ricevuto: 07 lug 2015
Accettato: 16 nov 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0027
© Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Location of hydro-meteorological stations and the study areas on the south coast of the Baltic Sea. The observational spots are marked with arrows.
Location of hydro-meteorological stations and the study areas on the south coast of the Baltic Sea. The observational spots are marked with arrows.

Figure 2

Weather over Europe at 00 UTC on 25th December 2010
Weather over Europe at 00 UTC on 25th December 2010

Figure 3

Changes in cross sections of grease ice ridges, 28th December 2010 – 15th January 2011 (a-c), the shore in Międzyzdroje area. The vertical zero reference level with regard to Figure 3 was respectively: 507 (+7 cm, a), 503 (+3 cm, b) and 519 (+19 cm, c) in Świnoujście. This information is given in the caption of Figure 3.
Changes in cross sections of grease ice ridges, 28th December 2010 – 15th January 2011 (a-c), the shore in Międzyzdroje area. The vertical zero reference level with regard to Figure 3 was respectively: 507 (+7 cm, a), 503 (+3 cm, b) and 519 (+19 cm, c) in Świnoujście. This information is given in the caption of Figure 3.

Figure 4

Cross-section of the coastal zone with fragments of melting grease ice ridges on the shore in Lubiewo area (9th April 1996)
Cross-section of the coastal zone with fragments of melting grease ice ridges on the shore in Lubiewo area (9th April 1996)

Figure 5

Changes in cross sections of grease ice ridges over the distance of 0.5 km (a-c) on the shore in Dziwnówek area (23rd February 2012)
Changes in cross sections of grease ice ridges over the distance of 0.5 km (a-c) on the shore in Dziwnówek area (23rd February 2012)

Figure 6

High grease ice ridge descending toward the sea in Rewal area (11th January 1979)
High grease ice ridge descending toward the sea in Rewal area (11th January 1979)

Figure 7

Grease ice ridge with three concave shell formations in Hel area (12th March 1987)
Grease ice ridge with three concave shell formations in Hel area (12th March 1987)

Figure 8

Grease ice ridge with well-developed shell formations in Świnoujście area (6th March 1987)
Grease ice ridge with well-developed shell formations in Świnoujście area (6th March 1987)

Figure 9

Three-tier grease ice ridge in Krynica Morska area (13th March 1987)
Three-tier grease ice ridge in Krynica Morska area (13th March 1987)

Figure 10

Grease ice ridge with vertical and in some places concave windward slopes in Władysławowo region (12th March 1987)
Grease ice ridge with vertical and in some places concave windward slopes in Władysławowo region (12th March 1987)

Figure 11

Grease ice ridge with rounded slush forms on the leeward slope in Międzyzdroje area (5th February 1982)
Grease ice ridge with rounded slush forms on the leeward slope in Międzyzdroje area (5th February 1982)

Figure 12

Low grease ice ridges of a darker hue on the land side, in Władysławowo area (12th March 1987)
Low grease ice ridges of a darker hue on the land side, in Władysławowo area (12th March 1987)

Figure 13

Grease ice ridge with a layer of small new ice in Międzyzdroje area (18th February 2012)
Grease ice ridge with a layer of small new ice in Międzyzdroje area (18th February 2012)

Figure 14

Fragment of a ridge formed from grease ice, slush, small brash ice and other small forms of ice in Międzyzdroje area (18th February 2012)
Fragment of a ridge formed from grease ice, slush, small brash ice and other small forms of ice in Międzyzdroje area (18th February 2012)

Figure 15

Ice slides at some sections of a grease ice ridge in Krynica Morska area (13th March 1987)
Ice slides at some sections of a grease ice ridge in Krynica Morska area (13th March 1987)

Figure 16

Fragments of a disintegrated grease ice ridge in Swibno area (9th February 1987)
Fragments of a disintegrated grease ice ridge in Swibno area (9th February 1987)

Figure 17

Melting and crumbling grease ice ridge in Międzyzdroje area (5th February 2011)
Melting and crumbling grease ice ridge in Międzyzdroje area (5th February 2011)

Figure 18

Grease ice ridge model
Grease ice ridge model

Hydrological and meteorological conditions in Świnoujście during the formation of grease ice ridges along the shore of the southern Baltic Sea

Date Mean diurnal air temperature (°C, in Szczecin) Direction and maximum wind velocity (m s-1) State of the sea (in degree) Water level (cm)
January 3, 1980 -4.5 NW 11 5 42
January 10, 1987 -12.6 NE 12 6 50
December 25, 2010 -5.0 N 15 7 86
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