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Baltic Sea datums and their unification as a basis for coastal and seabed studies

Tomasz Wolski
Tomasz Wolski
, 
Bernard Wiśniewski
Bernard Wiśniewski
 e 
Stanisław Musielak
Stanisław Musielak
   | 22 giu 2016
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Article Category: Original research paper
Pubblicato online: 22 giu 2016
Pagine: 239 - 258
Ricevuto: 12 set 2015
Accettato: 09 dic 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0022
© Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdañsk, Poland. All rights reserved.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Relations between the EVRS Datum Definition as a World Height System and the EVRF 2000 Datum (NAP) (Ihde 2004 - modified by the authors)
Relations between the EVRS Datum Definition as a World Height System and the EVRF 2000 Datum (NAP) (Ihde 2004 - modified by the authors)

Figure 2

Distribution of extreme sea levels in the Baltic Sea in the period of 1960-2010; a) maximum sea levels, b) minimum sea levels (source: Wolski et al. 2014)
Distribution of extreme sea levels in the Baltic Sea in the period of 1960-2010; a) maximum sea levels, b) minimum sea levels (source: Wolski et al. 2014)

Figure 3

a) The number of storm surges with the maximum ≥ 70 cm referring to NAP per year (annual average value from the long term 1960-2010); b) The number of falls with the minimum ≤ -70 cm referring to NAP per year (annual average value from the long term 1960-2010)
a) The number of storm surges with the maximum ≥ 70 cm referring to NAP per year (annual average value from the long term 1960-2010); b) The number of falls with the minimum ≤ -70 cm referring to NAP per year (annual average value from the long term 1960-2010)

Figure 4

Distribution of theoretical water with the 200-year return period: a) theoretical 200-year maximum water level, b) theoretical 200-year minimum water level
Distribution of theoretical water with the 200-year return period: a) theoretical 200-year maximum water level, b) theoretical 200-year minimum water level

Figure 5

Baltic sea surface models for 9 January 2005, 03:00 UTC: a) on the basis of real sea levels (49 tide gauges); b) on the basis of the HIROMB model (49 points); c) absolute differences between sea levels in cm
Baltic sea surface models for 9 January 2005, 03:00 UTC: a) on the basis of real sea levels (49 tide gauges); b) on the basis of the HIROMB model (49 points); c) absolute differences between sea levels in cm

Figure 6

The course of the low pressure system on 17-19 October 1967 together with the main synoptic situation on 18 October.1967, 0:00 hrs UTC (source: Synoptic Bulletin PIHM with modification of the authors).
The course of the low pressure system on 17-19 October 1967 together with the main synoptic situation on 18 October.1967, 0:00 hrs UTC (source: Synoptic Bulletin PIHM with modification of the authors).

Figure 7

Changes in the sea level for representative stations in the main basins of the Baltic Sea on 17-20 October 1967
Changes in the sea level for representative stations in the main basins of the Baltic Sea on 17-20 October 1967

Figure 8

Distribution of wind direction and velocity together with changes in the sea level in particular basins of the Baltic Sea in 17-20 October 1967
Distribution of wind direction and velocity together with changes in the sea level in particular basins of the Baltic Sea in 17-20 October 1967

Figure 9

The image of instantaneous sea levels of the Baltic Sea: a) 17 October 1967, 12:00 UTC; b) 18 October 1967, 04:00 UTC; c) 18 October 1967, 08:00 UTC; d) 18 October 1967, 16:00 UTC
The image of instantaneous sea levels of the Baltic Sea: a) 17 October 1967, 12:00 UTC; b) 18 October 1967, 04:00 UTC; c) 18 October 1967, 08:00 UTC; d) 18 October 1967, 16:00 UTC

Features of the low pressure system and parameters of the storm surge analyzed in the period of 17-20 October 1967

Station Features of the low pressure system Recorded sea level Hs(cm) ΔHd(cm)
Pi(hPa) VL (m s-1) Initial sea level (cm) Max (cm) Min. (cm) Amplitude (cm) The maximum rate of sea level change (cm h-1) Duration of the sea level [hour]
Rise Decrease ≥70 cm ≥100 cm ≤ -70 cm ≤ -100 cm
Smogen 966 22.2 20 82 -28 110 30 30 2 - - - 47.6 143
Skanor 19 128 -129 257 76 54 8 5 8 6
Wismar -3 91 -170 261 58 24 6 0 17 12
Warnemunde -1 76 -170 246 38 33 3 11 8
Gedser 1 98 -141 239 39 38 6 - 12 11
Swinoujscie 6 86 -134 220 34 54 2 - 4 2
Kungsholmsfort 13 98 -78 176 41 39 6 - 3 -
Klajpeda 28 195 +1 194 31 47 14 8 - -
Visby 36 85 + 13 72 13 14 4 - - -
Parnu 91 264 +30 234 102 110 68 40 - -
Ristna 42 165 +29 136 20 24 40 8 - -
Sztokholm 27 90 +9 81 14 18 8 - -
Tallinn 63 135 +20 115 17 17 34 7 - -
Helsinki 50 103 10 93 15 15 26 6 - -
Hamina 44 134 -16 150 21 24 30 16 - -
Narva 72 180 + 16 164 26 30 54 29 - -
Degerby 25 72 16 56 6 10 1 - - -
Vaasa 35 57 14 43 5 6
Kemi 40 50 -12 62 7 6 - - - -

Collation of the greatest differences between the observed and forecasted (HIROMB model) values of the sea level for selected tide gauges during the storm event of January 9, 2005, 03:00 UTC.

Tide gauge Sea level Absolute differences between the observed and forecasted sea level
Observed Forecasted
Ristna +217 cm +172 cm 45 cm – underestimation
Hamina +138 cm +206 cm 68 cm – overestimation
Kemi +41 cm +97 cm 56 cm – overestimation
Helsinki +145 cm +188 cm 43 cm – overestimation
Sassnitz -100 cm -60 cm 40 cm – underestimation
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