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Liquid petroleum gas sensing performance enhanced by CuO modification of nanocrystalline ZnO-TiO2

R.B. Pedhekar

R.B. Pedhekar

G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering & ManagementAmravati, India
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Pedhekar, R.B.
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F.C. Raghuwanshi

F.C. Raghuwanshi

Vidya Bharati MahavidyalayaAmravati, India
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Raghuwanshi, F.C.
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V.D. Kapse

V.D. Kapse

Arts, Science & Commerce CollegeChikhaldara, India
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Kapse, V.D.
  
28 set 2016
Liquid petroleum gas sensing performance enhanced by CuO modification of nanocrystalline ZnO-TiO2's Cover Image
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Categoria dell'articolo: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 28 set 2016
Pagine: 571 - 581
Ricevuto: 17 nov 2015
Accettato: 03 lug 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0083
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© 2016 R.B. Pedhekar et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

XRD patterns of synthesized ZnO-TiO2 powder samples with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9.
XRD patterns of synthesized ZnO-TiO2 powder samples with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9.

Fig. 2

TEM images of synthesized ZnO-TiO2 powder samples with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9.
TEM images of synthesized ZnO-TiO2 powder samples with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9.

Fig. 3

SEM images of ZnO-TiO2 thick film with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9.
SEM images of ZnO-TiO2 thick film with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9.

Fig. 4

SEM images of ZnO-TiO2 thick films (with molar ratio 1:1), modified with (A) 0.1 M CuO, (B) 0.2 M CuO, (C) 0.3 M CuO.
SEM images of ZnO-TiO2 thick films (with molar ratio 1:1), modified with (A) 0.1 M CuO, (B) 0.2 M CuO, (C) 0.3 M CuO.

Fig. 5

I-V characteristics of nanocrystalline ZnO-TiO2 thick films with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9 at room temperature.
I-V characteristics of nanocrystalline ZnO-TiO2 thick films with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9 at room temperature.

Fig. 6

Response of ZnO-TiO2 thick films with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9 toward 286 ppm LPG.
Response of ZnO-TiO2 thick films with molar ratios (A) 9:1, (B) 7:3, (C) 1:1, (D) 3:7 and (E) 1:9 toward 286 ppm LPG.

Fig. 7

(A) Resistance of ZnO-TiO2 thick film (1:1 molar ratio) vs. operating temperature. (B) Arrhenius plot for 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M CuO modified and unmodified ZnO-TiO2 thick films (1:1 molar ratio) in air ambient.
(A) Resistance of ZnO-TiO2 thick film (1:1 molar ratio) vs. operating temperature. (B) Arrhenius plot for 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M CuO modified and unmodified ZnO-TiO2 thick films (1:1 molar ratio) in air ambient.

Fig. 8

Response of 0.1 M, 0.2 M and 0.3 M CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 thick films (with molar ratio1:1) towards 286 ppm LPG.
Response of 0.1 M, 0.2 M and 0.3 M CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 thick films (with molar ratio1:1) towards 286 ppm LPG.

Fig. 9

Response and recovery time of 0.2 M CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 based thick film (with molar ratio 1:1) towards 286 ppm LPG at 185 °C.
Response and recovery time of 0.2 M CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 based thick film (with molar ratio 1:1) towards 286 ppm LPG at 185 °C.

Fig. 10

Stability of 0.2 M CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 based thick film (with molar ratio 1:1) towards 286 ppm LPG at 185 °C.
Stability of 0.2 M CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 based thick film (with molar ratio 1:1) towards 286 ppm LPG at 185 °C.

Fig. 11

Response of 0.2 M CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 (1:1 molar ratio) based thick film towards NH3, CO2, H2S and LPG at 185 °C.
Response of 0.2 M CuO modified ZnO-TiO2 (1:1 molar ratio) based thick film towards NH3, CO2, H2S and LPG at 185 °C.

Activation energy of 0_1 M, 0_2 M, 0_3 M CuO modified and unmodified ZnO-TiO2 thick film (molar ratio 1:1) in air ambient_

ZnO-TiO2 thick film (molar ratio 1:1)Activation energy Ea (eV)
Ea(I) 30 °C - 130 °CEa (II) 175 °C - 225 °C
Unmodified0.3780.201
0.1 M CuO modified0.2370.737
0.2 M CuO modified0.2400.861
0.3 M CuO modified0.2340.625

Composition of 0_1 M, 0_2 M and 0_3 M CuO modified and unmodified ZnO-TiO2 thick film (molar ratio 1:1)_

Element wt.%0.1 M CuO0.2 M CuO0.3 M CuOZnO-TiO2 (molar ratio 1:1)
Norm. wt.%Atom. at.%Norm. wt.%Atom. at.%Norm. wt.%Atom. at.%Norm. wt.%Atom. at.%
O29.6260.6124.5354.1721.8150.5732.5863.30
Zn1.090.541.240.671.050.6040.6619.33
Ti21.6714.7421.3115.7319.9215.4326.7617.37
Cu47.6224.4152.9229.4357.2233.40NilNil
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