Sample | OD DRT | OD ED | Extrinsic |
---|---|---|---|
(%) | (%) | variability (%) | |
Grimaldi castle, Antibes | |||
BDX 16045 | 14 ± 2 | 31 ± 2 | 28 ± 4 |
BDX 16046 | 12 ± 2 | 31 ± 2 | 29 ± 4 |
BDX 16047 | 8 ± 2 | 43 ± 3 | 42 ± 4 |
BDX 16048 | 7 ± 2 | 27 ± 2 | 26 ± 4 |
BDX 16049 | 5 ± 2 | 36 ± 2 | 36 ± 4 |
Thermal baths of Chassenon | |||
BDX 15636 | 5 ± 2 | 45 ± 5 | 45 ± 7 |
BDX 15541 | 13 ± 2 | 121 ± 8 | 120 ± 10 |
BDX 15542 | 5 ± 2 | 129 ± 8 | 129 ± 10 |
BDX 15543 | 16 ± 3 | 148 ± 10 | 147 ± 13 |
BDX 15544 | 8 ± 2 | 144 ± 8 | 144 ± 10 |
Saint Seurin crypt, Bordeaux | |||
BDX 16492 | 14 ± 2 | 129 ± 7 | 128 ± 9 |
BDX 16493 | 8 ± 2 | 128 ± 8 | 128 ± 10 |
BDX 16496 | 12 ± 3 | 96 ± 13 | 95 ± 16 |
BDX 16498 | 15 ± 4 | 106 ± 9 | 105 ± 13 |
BDX 16500 | 16 ± 3 | 117 ± 9 | 116 ± 12 |
Saint Seurin, apse, Bordeaux | |||
BDX 16592 | 10 ± 3 | 136 ± 8 | 136 ± 11 |
BDX 16593 | - | 148 ± 10 | - |
BDX 16594 | - | 134 ± 8 | - |
Saint Seurin, chapel, Bordeaux | |||
BDX 16586 | 7 ± 4 | 157 ± 16 | 157 ± 20 |
BDX 16587 | - | 148 ± 15 | - |
Basel cathedral (crypt) | |||
BDX 16304 | 9 ± 2 | 68 ± 5 | 57 ± 14 |
Sample | Reference date (years) | Water content water content used for age determination | Annual dose (mGy/year) | Archeo dose archaeological dose calculated using either Central age model (CAM) or internal external consistency criterion (IEU) | Nb of grains number of grains taken into account for age calculation | σ/a over-dispersion value σ calculated from CAM/input parameter a used to run the IEU model | Date (years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BDX 16045 | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 1.83 ± 0.07 | 3.85 ± 0.10 (CAM) | 196 | 31 | −86 ±100 | |
BDX 16046 | 6.0 ± 3.0 | 1.72 ± 0.08 | 3.56 ± 0.09 (CAM) | 180 | 31 | −62 ±104 | |
BDX 16047 | 31 ± 40 | 13.0 ± 6.5 | 2.29 ± 0.17 | 4.60 ± 0.16 (CAM) | 175 | 43 | 16 ± 137 |
BDX 16048 | 10.0 ± 5.0 | 2.07 ± 0.13 | 3.66 ± 0.08 (CAM) | 189 | 27 | 216 ± 110 | |
BDX 16049 | 13.0 ± 6.5 | 1.92 ± 0.14 | 3.89 ± 0.13 (CAM) | 152 | 36 | 183 ±156 | |
BDX 15636 | 130 ± 48 | 10.0 ± 5.0 | 6.76 ± 0.38 | 12.73 ± 0.77 (CAM) | 61 | 45 | 131 ± 131 |
BDX 15541 | 10.0 ± 5.0 | 1.51 ± 0.07 | 3.07 ± 0.12 (IEU) | 37 | 15 | −18 ± 90 | |
BDX 15542 | 109 ± 41 | 8.0 ± 4.0 | 1.73 ± 0.09 | 3.39 ± 0.21 (IEU) | 26 | 25 | 55 ± 128 |
BDX 15543 | 8.0 ± 4.0 | 1.42 ± 0.05 | 2.91 ± 0.12 (IEU) | 28 | 15 | −41 ± 94 | |
BDX 15544 | 12.0 ± 6.0 | 1.31 ± 0.07 | 2.51 ± 0.10 (IEU) | 25 | 15 | 99 ± 86 | |
BDX 16492 | >450, <1000 | 7.0 ± 3.5 | 1.24 ± 0.03 | 1.73 ± 0.04 (IEU) | 71 | 14 | 574 ± 68 |
BDX 16493 | >450, <1000 | 7.0 ± 3.5 | 1.21 ± 0.05 | 1.81 ± 0.05 (IEU) | 50 | 12 | 523 ± 71 |
BDX 16496 | 433 ±129 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 2.56 ± 0.09 | - | - | - | - |
BDX 16498 | 433 ±129 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 2.99 ± 0.09 | - | - | - | - |
BDX 16500 | 433 ±129 | 8.0 ± 4.0 | 1.68 ± 0.08 | 2.74 ± 0.13 (IEU) | 56 | 30 | 386 ±107 |
BDX 16592 | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 1.29 ± 0.06 | 1.09 ± 0.06 (IEU) | 15 | 10 | 1170 ± 58 | |
BDX 16593 | 1150 ± 50 | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 1.00 ± 0.05 | 1.13 ± 0.06 (IEU) | 16 | 10 | 945 ± 74 |
BDX 16594 | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 0.98 ± 0.04 | 1.00 ± 0.06 (IEU) | 15 | 10 | 999 ± 71 | |
BDX 16586 | 1444 | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 1.76 ± 0.10 | 1.29 ± 0.09 (IEU) | 5 | 7 | 1301 ± 59 |
BDX 16587 | 1444 | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 1.61 ± 0.09 | 1.20 ± 0.10 (IEU) | 4 | 7 | 1271 ±68 |
BDX 16304 | 310 ± 40 | 13.0 ± 6.5 | 1.20 ± 0.06 | 2.86 ± 0.15 (CAM) | 100 | 49 | −368 ±168 |
BDX 16293 | 550 ± 250 | - | 1.07 ± 0.06 | 1.60 ± 0.15 (CAM) | 29 discs | 47 | 520 ±160 |
BDX 16299 | 550 ± 250 | - | 1.28 ± 0.07 | 2.51 ± 0.21 (CAM) | 34 discs | 48 | 55 ± 196 |
Disc | Grain (order) | ED (Gy) |
---|---|---|
1 | 64 | 2.08 ± 0.36 |
1 | 91 | 29.03 ± 5.38 |
3 | 51 | 2.10 ± 0.45 |
6 | 5 | 43.58 ± 8.06 |
7 | 34 | 10.67 ± 3.47 |
8 | 25 | 3.30 ± 0.70 |
9 | 65 | 3.03 ± 0.54 |
12 | 27 | 8.92 ± 2.83 |
12 | 80 | 2.80 ± 0.73 |
Site | Historical period | Reference date interval | Reference dating method | Mortar function | Sample number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BDX 16045 | |||||
BDX 16046 | |||||
Antibes | Gallo-Roman | [9 BC, 72 AD] | Archaeomagnetism (bricks) | Mortar binding stones | BDX 16047 |
TPQ terminus post quem | Archaeology | BDX 16048 | |||
BDX 16049 | |||||
Chassenon | Gallo-Roman | Boarding mortar | BDX 15628 | ||
[82 AD, 178 AD] | Archaeomagnetism (bricks) | Mortar binding stones | BDX 15636 | ||
[90 AD, 170 AD] | Archaeology | Mortar binding stones | BDX 15638 | ||
BDX 15639 | |||||
Gallo-Roman | Mortar binding bricks | BDX 15541 | |||
[68 AD, 150 AD] | Archaeomagnetism (bricks) | Mortar binding bricks | BDX 15542 | ||
[90 AD, 170 AD] | Archaeology | Foundation mortar | BDX 15543 | ||
Foundation mortar | BDX 15544 | ||||
Posterior to BDX 16493 TPQ: 1100 AD | Archaeology | Filling mortar (floor) | BDX 16492 | ||
Late Antiquity & Early Middle Ages crypt | Posterior to BDX 16496 TPQ: 1100 AD | Archaeology | Filling mortar (floor) | BDX 16493 | |
Ground mortar | BDX 16496 | ||||
[305 AD, 562 AD] TPQ terminus post quem | TL and OSL (bricks) Radiocarbon (charcoal) | Ground mortar | BDX 16498 | ||
St Seurin | Ground mortar (floor) | BDX 16500 | |||
BDX 16592 | |||||
Romanesque apse | [810 AD, 910 AD] | Historical sources | Mortar binding ashlars | BDX 16593 | |
BDX 16594 | |||||
BDX 16586 | |||||
Gothic chapel | [570 AD] | Historical sources | Mortar binding ashlars | BDX 16587 | |
BDX 16591 | |||||
Gallo-Roman | [270 AD, 350 AD] | Historical sources | Ground mortar ( | BDX 16304 | |
Late Antiquity & Early Middle Ages | [300 AD, 800 AD] | Archaeology | Mortar binding stones | BDX 16293 | |
BDX 16299 | |||||
Basel | Carolingian | [790 AD, 890 AD] | Archaeology | Mortar binding stones | BDX 16301 |
BDX 16303 | |||||
Ottonian | [890 AD, 990 AD] | Archaeology | Mortar binding stones | BDX 16288 | |
BDX 16294 | |||||
Romanesque | [1100 AD, 1200 AD] | Archaeology | Mortar binding stones | BDX 16295 | |
Basel | Romanesque | [936 AD, 1018 AD] | Radiocarbon (charcoal) | Mortar from mortar mixer | BDX 16306 |
Müstair | Romanesque | 958 AD | Historical sources | Mortar from mortar mixer | BDX 16308 |
Zurich | Romanesque | [853 AD, 874 AD] | Historical sources | Mortar from mortar mixer | BDX 16309 |
Sample | Analysed grains | Luminescent grains | Selected grains | Grains above L4/ T4 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nb | % | Nb | % | Nb | % | Nb | |
Grimaldi castle, Antibes | |||||||
BDX 16045 | 4085 | 100 | 200 | 5.0 | 196 | 4.8 | 0 |
BDX 16046 | 3800 | 100 | 193 | 5.0 | 180 | 4.6 | 1 |
BDX 16047 | 3800 | 100 | 179 | 4.8 | 175 | 4.7 | 5 |
BDX 16048 | 3990 | 100 | 205 | 4.9 | 189 | 4.5 | 0 |
BDX 16049 | 4085 | 100 | 163 | 3.9 | 152 | 3.6 | 1 |
Thermal baths of Chassenon | |||||||
BDX 15628 | little quartz fraction 200-250 μm, no OSL signal | ||||||
BDX 15636 | 3895 | 100 | 67 | 1.7 | 61 | 1.6 | 9 |
BDX 15638 | little quartz fraction 200-250 μm, no OSL signal | ||||||
BDX 16539 | |||||||
BDX 15541 | 2850 | 100 | 202 | 7.1 | 129 | 4.5 | 44 |
BDX 15542 | 1900 | 100 | 119 | 6.3 | 76 | 4.0 | 40 |
BDX 15543 | 4135 | 100 | 207 | 5.0 | 111 | 2.7 | 51 |
BDX 15544 | 4085 | 100 | 324 | 7.9 | 192 | 4.7 | 104 |
Saint Seurin crypt, Bordeaux | |||||||
BDX 16492 | 3800 | 100 | 275 | 7.3 | 176 | 4.6 | 57 |
BDX 16493 | 3800 | 100 | 233 | 6.1 | 145 | 3.8 | 52 |
BDX 16496 | 1995 | 100 | 99 | 5.0 | 32 | 1.6 | 26 |
BDX 16498 | 3800 | 100 | 152 | 3.8 | 71 | 1.9 | 49 |
BDX 16500 | 3800 | 100 | 127 | 3.1 | 90 | 1.9 | 21 |
Saint Seurin, apse, Bordeaux | |||||||
BDX 16592 | 3610 | 100 | 368 | 10.2 | 164 | 4.5 | 117 |
BDX 16593 | 3040 | 100 | 256 | 8.4 | 116 | 3.8 | 79 |
BDX 16594 | 3135 | 100 | 347 | 11.1 | 152 | 4.8 | 101 |
Saint Seurin, chapel, Bordeaux | |||||||
BDX 16586 | 2280 | 100 | 116 | 5.0 | 50 | 2.2 | 33 |
BDX 16587 | 3325 | 100 | 175 | 5.4 | 49 | 1.5 | 32 |
BDX 16591 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Basel cathedral (crypt) | |||||||
BDX 16304 | 3800 | 100 | 116 | 3.1 | 106 | 2.8 | 6 |
BDX 16293 | analyzed by multigrain, very little OSL signal | ||||||
BDX 16299 | |||||||
BDX 16301 | 2000 | ||||||
BDX 16303 | 2000 | ||||||
BDX 16288 | 2000 | no OSL signal | |||||
BDX 16294 | 2000 | ||||||
BDX 16295 | 2000 | ||||||
Mortar mixers | |||||||
BDX 16306 | 2000 | ||||||
BDX 16308 | 2000 | no OSL signal | |||||
BDX 16309 | 2000 |
Site | Sample | Expected dose | Min | Max | Rmin | Rmax | Rmax/Rmin | OD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Gy) | (Gy) | (Gy) | (%) | ||||||
BDX 16045 | 3.70 | 1.14 | 8.46 | 3 | 2 | 0.7 | 31 | ||
BDX 16046 | 3.55 | 1.00 | 10.88 | 4 | 3 | 0.9 | 31 | ||
Antibes | BDX 16047 | 4.70 | 1.18 | 11.84 | 4 | 3 | 0.6 | 43 | |
BDX 16048 | 4.30 | 1.65 | 9.76 | 3 | 2 | 1.9 | 27 | ||
BDX 16049 | 3.85 | 1.69 | 12.74 | 2 | 3 | 1.5 | 36 | ||
Chassenon | BDX 15636 | 12.65 | 4.74 | 28.38 | 3 | 2 | 0.8 | 45 | |
BDX 15541 | 2.87 | 1.78 | 187.20 | 2 | 65 | 40 | 121 | ||
Palais-Gallien | BDX 15542 | 3.29 | 1.60 | 163.27 | 2 | 50 | 24 | 129 | |
BDX 15543 | 2.70 | 1.84 | 270.51 | 1 | 100 | 68 | 148 | ||
BDX 15544 | 2.49 | 1.35 | 267.46 | 2 | 107 | 58 | 144 | ||
BDX 16492 | 1.26–1.94 | 1.09 | 79.62 | 1–2 | 32–54 | 14 | 129 | ||
BDX 16493 | 1.09–1.82 | 1.06 | 91.92 | 1–2 | 51–84 | 29 | 128 | ||
BDX 16496 | 4.09 | 3.57 | 179.62 | 1 | 44 | 38 | 96 | ||
BDX 16498 | 4.78 | 2.90 | 188.61 | 2 | 39 | 24 | 106 | ||
St Seurin | BDX 16500 | 1.51–2.52 | 1.27 | 108.33 | 1–2 | 43–72 | 22 | 117 | |
BDX 16592 | 0.90 | 0.79 | 147.66 | 1 | 164 | 144 | 136 | ||
BDX 16593 | 0.74 | 0.65 | 151.03 | 1 | 204 | 179 | 148 | ||
BDX 16594 | 0.69 | 0.64 | 140.94 | 1 | 204 | 189 | 134 | ||
BDX 16586 | 0.88–1.06 | 1.07 | 194.89 | 1 | 184–221 | 186 | 157 | ||
BDX 16587 | 0.81–0.97 | 1.05 | 161.81 | 1 | 167–200 | 181 | 148 | ||
BDX 16304 | 2.00–2.09 | 0.55 | 15.97 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 48 | ||
Bale | BDX 16293 | 1.30–1.84 | 0.41 | 4.71 | 3–4 | 3 | 0.6 | 49 | |
BDX 16299 | 1.56–2.20 | 1.06 | 6.21 | 1–2 | 3 | 1.4 | 47 |
Site | Preheat (°C) | Cut-heat (°C) | Test dose (Gy) | Recovery dose (Gy) | Regeneration doses (Gy) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grimaldi castle, Antibes | 240 | 190 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8, 9.6, 14.4, 19.2, 0, 4.8 |
Thermal baths of Chassenon | 220 | 190 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8, 9.6, 14.4, 19.2, 0, 4.8 |
240 | 190 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8, 9.6, 14.4, 19.2, 0, 4.8 | |
Basel cathedral, Basel | 190 | 160 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.75, 1.5, 4.5, 10.5, 0, 0.75 |
Saint Seurin crypt, Bordeaux | 190 | 160 | 3 | 3 | 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 0, 1.5 |
Saint Seurin apse/chapel, Bordeaux | 190 | 160 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.75, 1.5, 4.5, 10.4, 0, 0.75 |
Mortar mixers (Basel, Müstair, Zurich) | 190 | 160 | 3 | 3 | 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 0, 1.5 |
Sample | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | |||
Antibes | ||||||||
BDX 16045 | 31 | 0.33 | 3.64 | 0.98 | 0.64 | 0.65 | 1.43 | 30 |
BDX 16046 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.44 | - |
BDX 16047 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.88 | - |
BDX 16048 | 22 | 1.13 | 2.86 | 1.69 | 0.44 | 0.26 | 1.94 | - |
BDX 16049 | 35 | 0.84 | 2.30 | 1.44 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 1.74 | 26 |
Chassenon | ||||||||
BDX 15636 | 17 | 1.48 | 3.56 | 2.71 | 0.55 | 0.20 | 2.86 | 33 |
BDX 15541 | 29 | 0.12 | 1.10 | 0.53 | 0.27 | 0.50 | 0.85 | 26 |
BDX 15542 | 40 | 1.17 | 2.26 | 0.85 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 1.13 | - |
BDX 15543 | 33 | 0.04 | 1.09 | 0.43 | 0.27 | 0.62 | 0.80 | 29 |
BDX 15544 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.67 | 25 |
St Seurin | ||||||||
BDX 16492 | 13 | 0.11 | 1.11 | 0.59 | 0.41 | 0.58 | 0.43 | 22 |
BDX 16493 | 51 | 0.03 | 1.11 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.78 | 0.47 | 26 |
BDX 16496 | 24 | 0.12 | 2.24 | 0.80 | 0.46 | 0.57 | 0.90 | 27 |
BDX 16498 | 56 | 0.07 | 2.58 | 0.83 | 0.66 | 0.80 | 0.87 | 23 |
BDX 16500 | 39 | 0.09 | 1.54 | 0.47 | 0.33 | 0.70 | 0.49 | 24 |
BDX 16592 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.60 | 54 |
BDX 16593 | 15 | 0.12 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 62 |
BDX 16594 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.30 | 56 |
BDX 16586 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.05 | 69 |
BDX 16587 | 9 | 0.68 | 1.93 | 1.17 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 1.03 | 62 |
Basel | ||||||||
BDX 16304 | 38 | 0.27 | 1.39 | 0.68 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.44 | 61 |
BDX 16293 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.44 | 79 |
BDX 16299 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.55 | 63 |