This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Bär A, Bräuning A and Löffler J, 2006. Dendroecology of dwarf shrubs in the high mountains of Norway - A methodological approach. Dendrochronologia 24: 17-27.BärABräuningALöfflerJ2006Dendroecology of dwarf shrubs in the high mountains of Norway - A methodological approach24172710.1016/j.dendro.2006.05.001Search in Google Scholar
Bär A, Bräuning A and Löffler J, 2007. Ring-width chronologies of the alpine dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum from the Norwegian mountains. IAWA Journal 28 (3): 325-338.BärA,BräuningALöfflerJ2007Ring-width chronologies of the alpine dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum from the Norwegian mountains28332533810.1163/22941932-90001644Search in Google Scholar
Blok D, Sass-Klaassen U, Schaepman-Strub G, Heijmans MMPD, Sauren P and Berendse F, 2011. What are the main climate drivers for shrub growth in Northeastern Siberian tundra? Biogeosciences 8: 1169-1179, 10.5194/bg-8-1169-2011BlokDSass-KlaassenUSchaepman-StrubGHeijmansMMPDSaurenPBerendseF2011What are the main climate drivers for shrub growth in Northeastern Siberian tundra?81169117910.5194/bg-8-1169-201110.5194/bg-8-1169-2011Search in Google Scholar
Blok D, Weijers S, Welker JM, Cooper EJ, Michelsen A, Löffler J and Elberling B, 2015.Deepened winter snow increases stem growth and alters stem δ13C and δ15N in evergreen dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona in higharctic Svalbard tundra. Environmental Research Letters 10: 044008, 10.1088/1748-9326/10/4/044008BlokDWeijersSWelkerJMCooperEJMichelsenALöfflerJElberlingB2015Deepened winter snow increases stem growth and alters stem δ13C and δ15N in evergreen dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona in higharctic Svalbard tundra1004400810.1088/1748-9326/10/4/04400810.1088/1748-9326/10/4/044008Search in Google Scholar
Błaszczyk M, Jania JA and Kolondra L, 2013. Fluctuations of tidewater glaciers in Hornsund Fjord (Southern Svalbard) since the beginning of the 20th century. Polar Polish Research 34(4): 327-352, 10.2478/popore-2013-0024BłaszczykMJaniaJAKolondraL2013Fluctuations of tidewater glaciers in Hornsund Fjord (Southern Svalbard) since the beginning of the 20th century34432735210.2478/popore-2013-002410.2478/popore-2013-0024Search in Google Scholar
Bokhorst S, Bjerke JW, Tømmervik H, Callaghan TV and Phoenix GK, 2009. Winter warming events damage sub-Arctic vegetation: Consistent evidence from an experimental manipulation and a natural event. Journal of Ecology 97: 1408-1415, 10.111 1/j.1365-2745.2009.01554.xBokhorstSBjerkeJWTømmervikHCallaghanTVPhoenixGK2009Winter warming events damage sub-Arctic vegetation: Consistent evidence from an experimental manipulation and a natural event971408141510.111 1/j.1365-2745.2009.01554.x10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01554.xSearch in Google Scholar
Bokhorst S, Bjerke JW, Tømmervik H, Preece C and Phoenix GK, 2012. Ecosystem Response to Climatic Change: The Importance of the Cold Season. Ambio 41(Suppl3): 246-255, 10.1007/s13280-012-0310-5BokhorstSBjerkeJWTømmervikHPreeceCPhoenixGK2012Ecosystem Response to Climatic Change: The Importance of the Cold Season41Suppl324625510.1007/s13280-012-0310-510.1007/s13280-012-0310-5Search in Google Scholar
Briffa KR, Osborn TJ and Schweingruber FH, 2004. Large-scale temperature influences from tree rings: a review. Global Planetary Change 40: 11-26.BriffaKROsbornTJSchweingruberFH2004Large-scale temperature influences from tree rings: a review40112610.1016/S0921-8181(03)00095-XSearch in Google Scholar
Briffa KR, Osborn TJ, Schweingruber FH, Harris IC, Jones PD, Shiya-tov SG and Vaganov EA, 2001. Low-frequency variations from northern tree ring density network. Journal of Geophysical Research 106(D3): 2929-2941, 10.1029/2000JD900617BriffaKROsbornTJSchweingruberFHHarrisICJonesPDShiyatovSGVaganovEA2001Low-frequency variations from northern tree ring density network106D32929294110.1029/2000JD90061710.1029/2000JD900617Search in Google Scholar
Brönnimann S, 2015. Climatic Changes Since 1700. Springer: 360pp.BrönnimannS2015Springer36010.1007/978-3-319-19042-6Search in Google Scholar
Buchwal A, Rachlewicz G, Fonti P, Cherubini P and Gärtner H, 2013. Temperature modulates intra-plant growth of Salix polaris from a high Artic site (Svalbard). Polar Biology 36: 1305-1318, 10.1007/s00300-013-1349-xBuchwalARachlewiczGFontiPCherubiniPGärtnerH2013Temperature modulates intra-plant growth of Salix polaris from a high Artic site (Svalbard)361305131810.1007/s00300-013-1349-x10.1007/s00300-013-1349-xSearch in Google Scholar
Büntgen U and Schweingruber FH, 2010. Environmental change without climate change? New Phytologist 188: 646-651, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03342.xBüntgenUSchweingruberFH2010Environmental change without climate change?18864665110.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03342.x10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03342.x20673285Search in Google Scholar
Büntgen U, Hellmann L, Tegel W, Normand S, Myer-Smith I, Kirdya-nov A, Nievergelt D, Schweingruber FH, 2015. Temperature driven germination pulse of Arctic dwarf shrub communities. Journal ofEcology 103(2): 489-501, 10.1111/1365-2745.12361BüntgenUHellmannLTegelWNormandSMyer-SmithIKirdya-novANievergeltDSchweingruberFH2015Temperature driven germination pulse of Arctic dwarf shrub communities103248950110.1111/1365-2745.1236110.1111/1365-2745.12361Search in Google Scholar
Büntgen U, Raible CC, Frank D, Helama S, Cunningham L, Hofer D, Nievergelt D, Verstege A, Timonenh M, Stenseth NCh and Esper J, 2011. Causes and consequences of past and projected scandinavian summer temperatures, 500-2100 AD. PLoS ONE 6(9): e25133, 10.1371/journal.pone.0025133BüntgenURaibleCCFrankDHelamaSCunninghamLHoferDNievergeltDVerstegeATimonenhMStensethNChEsperJ2011Causes and consequences of past and projected scandinavian summer temperatures 500-2100 AD69e2513310.1371/journal.pone.002513310.1371/journal.pone.0025133317861121966436Search in Google Scholar
Callaghan TV and Tweedie CE, 2011. Multi-decadal changes in tundra environments and ecosystems: the International Polar Year- back to the future project. Ambio 40: 555-557.CallaghanTVTweedieCE2011Multi-decadal changes in tundra environments and ecosystems: the International Polar Year- back to the future project4055555710.1007/s13280-011-0162-4335786021954718Search in Google Scholar
Callaghan TV, Sømme L and Sonesson M, 1993. Impacts of climate change at high latitudes on terrestrial plants and invertebrates. Research report for the Directorate for Nature Management Nr. 1993 - 1, Trondheim: 67pp.CallaghanTVSømmeLSonessonM1993Research report for the Directorate for Nature Management Nr. 1993 - 1Trondheim67Search in Google Scholar
Cook ER and Kariukstis LA (eds), 1990. Methods of Dendrochronology: Applications in the Environmental Sciences. Kluwer Academic, Boston: 394pp.CookERKariukstisLA1990Kluwer AcademicBoston39410.1007/978-94-015-7879-0Search in Google Scholar
Cook ER, 1985. A Time Series Analysis Approach to Tree-Ring Standardization. School of Renewable Natural Resources University of Arizona, Tuscon: 183pp.CookER1985School of Renewable Natural Resources University of ArizonaTuscon183Search in Google Scholar
D'Arrigo R, Wilson R, Liepert B and Cherubini P, 2008. On the 'Divergence Problem' in Northern Forests: A reviev of the tree-ring evidences and possible causes. Global Planetary Change 60: 289-305, 10.1038/nclimate2697D'ArrigoRWilsonRLiepertBCherubiniP2008On the 'Divergence Problem' in Northern Forests: A reviev of the tree-ring evidences and possible causes6028930510.1038/nclimate269710.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.03.004Search in Google Scholar
Epstein HE, Myers-Smith I, Walker DA, 2013. Recent dynamics of arctic and sub-arctic vegetation. Environmental Research Letters 8: 015040. 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015040EpsteinHEMyers-SmithIWalkerDA2013Recent dynamics of arctic and sub-arctic vegetation801504010.1088/1748-9326/8/1/01504010.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015040Search in Google Scholar
Esper J and Schweingruber FH, 2004. Large-scale treeline changes recorded in Siberia. Geophysical Research Letters 31: L06202. 10.1029/2003GL019178EsperJSchweingruberFH2004Large-scale treeline changes recorded in Siberia31L0620210.1029/2003GL01917810.1029/2003GL019178Search in Google Scholar
Forbes BC, Macias Fauria M and Zetterberg P, 2010. Russian Arctic warming and 'greening' are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows. Global Change Biology 16: 1542-1554, 10.1111/j. 1365-2486.2009.02047.xForbesBCMacias FauriaMZetterbergP2010Russian Arctic warming and 'greening' are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows161542155410.1111/j. 1365-2486.2009.02047.x10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02047.xSearch in Google Scholar
Gervais BR and MacDonald GM, 2000. A 403-year record of July temperatures and treeline dynamics of Pinus sylvestris from the Kola Peninsula, northwest Russia. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 32: 295-302, 10.2307/1552528GervaisBRMacDonaldGM2000A 403-year record of July temperatures and treeline dynamics of Pinus sylvestris from the Kola Peninsula northwest Russia3229530210.2307/155252810.1080/15230430.2000.12003367Search in Google Scholar
Hagen JO, Kohler M and Winther JG, 2003. Glaciers in Svalbard: mass balance, runoff and freshwater flux. Polar Research 22: 145-159, 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00104.xHagenJOKohlerMWintherJG2003Glaciers in Svalbard: mass balance runoff and freshwater flux2214515910.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00104.x10.3402/polar.v22i2.6452Search in Google Scholar
Halldórsson G, Sigurdsson BD, Hrafnkelsdóttir B, Oddsdóttir ES, Eggertsson O and Ólafsson E, 2013. New arthropod herbivores on trees and shrubs in Iceland and changes in pest dynamics: A review. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences 26: 69-84.HalldórssonGSigurdssonBDHrafnkelsdóttirBOddsdóttirESEggertssonOÓlafssonE2013New arthropod herbivores on trees and shrubs in Iceland and changes in pest dynamics: A review266984Search in Google Scholar
Hallgrímsson H, Halldórsson G and Kjartansson BP, 2006. Birkidauðinn á Austurlandi 2005(Dieback of birch in the east in 2005). Journal of Icelandic Forestry 2: 46-55 (in Icelandic).HallgrímssonHHalldórssonGKjartanssonBP2006Birkidauðinn á Austurlandi 2005(Dieback of birch in the east in 2005)24655(in Icelandic)Search in Google Scholar
Hallinger M, Manthey M and Wilmking M, 2010. Establishing a missing link: warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia. New Phytologist 186: 890-899, 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03223.xHallingerMMantheyMWilmkingM2010Establishing a missing link: warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia18689089910.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03223.x10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03223.x20345642Search in Google Scholar
Holmes RL, 1983. Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement. Tree-Ring Bulletin 43: 69-78.HolmesRL1983Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement436978Search in Google Scholar
Holzkämper S, Kuhry P, Kultti S, Gunnarson B and Sonninen E, 2008. Stable isotopes in tree rings as proxies for winter precipitation changes in the Russian Arctic over the past 150 years. Geochron-ometria 32: 37-46, 10.2478/v10003-008-0025-6HolzkämperSKuhryPKulttiSGunnarsonBSonninenE2008Stable isotopes in tree rings as proxies for winter precipitation changes in the Russian Arctic over the past 150 years32374610.2478/v10003-008-0025-610.2478/v10003-008-0025-6Search in Google Scholar
Hornsund GLACIOTOPOCLIM Database, 2014. WEB site: <http://www.glacio-topoclim.org>. Accessed 2015 June 01.Hornsund GLACIOTOPOCLIM Database2014WEB site: <http://www.glacio-topoclim.org>. Accessed 2015 June 01Search in Google Scholar
ITRDB The International Tree-Ring Data Bank, 2015a. WEB site: <https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11228>. Accessed 2015 June 01.ITRDB The International Tree-Ring Data Bank2015aWEB site: <https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11228>. Accessed 2015 June 01Search in Google Scholar
ITRDB The International Tree-Ring Data Bank, 2015b. WEB site: <https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/3293>. Accessed 2015 June 01.ITRDB The International Tree-Ring Data Bank2015bWEB site: <https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/3293>. Accessed 2015 June 01Search in Google Scholar
Jacoby GC and D'Arrigo R, 1989. Reconstructed northern hemisphere annual temperature since 1671 based on high latitude tree-ring data from North America. Climatic Change 14: 39-59, 10.1007/BF00140174JacobyGCD'ArrigoR1989Reconstructed northern hemisphere annual temperature since 1671 based on high latitude tree-ring data from North America14395910.1007/BF0014017410.1007/BF00140174Search in Google Scholar
Jacoby GC, Brubaker LB, Garfinkel H, Lawson MP and Kuivinen KC, 1982. The Arctic. In: Hughes MK, Kelly PM, Pilcher JR and La-Marche VC, eds., Climate from tree rings. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 107-118.JacobyGCBrubakerLBGarfinkelHLawsonMPKuivinenKCHughesMKKellyPMPilcherJRLa-MarcheVC1982The ArcticCambridge University PressCambridge107118Search in Google Scholar
Jepsen JU, Biuw M, Ims RA, Kapari L, Schott T, Vindstad OPL and Hagen SB, 2013. Ecosystem impacts of a range expanding forest defoliator at the forest-tundra ecotone. Ecosystems 16(4): 561-575, 10.1007/s10021-012-9629-9JepsenJUBiuwMImsRAKapariLSchottTVindstadOPLHagenSB2013Ecosystem impacts of a range expanding forest defoliator at the forest-tundra ecotone16456157510.1007/s10021-012-9629-910.1007/s10021-012-9629-9Search in Google Scholar
Kappen L, 1993. Plant activity under snow and ice, with particular reference to lichens. Arctic 46 (4): 297-302.KappenL1993Plant activity under snow and ice with particular reference to lichens46429730210.14430/arctic1356Search in Google Scholar
Kolishchuk VG, 1990. Dendroclimatological study of prostrate woody plants. In: Cook ER and Kairiukstis LA, eds., Methods of dendrochronology. Applications in the environmental sciences. Kluwer, London: 51-55.KolishchukVGCookERKairiukstisLA1990Dendroclimatological study of prostrate woody plantsKluwerLondon5155Search in Google Scholar
Leszkiewicz J and Caputa Z, 2004. The thermal condition of the active layer in the permafrost at Hornsund, Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research 25(3-4): 223-239.LeszkiewiczJCaputaZ2004The thermal condition of the active layer in the permafrost at Hornsund Spitsbergen253-4223239Search in Google Scholar
Lindner L, Marks L, Roszczynko W and Semil J, 1991. Age of raised marine beaches of northern Hornsund Region, South Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research 12: 161-182.LindnerLMarksLRoszczynkoWSemilJ1991Age of raised marine beaches of northern Hornsund Region South Spitsbergen12161182Search in Google Scholar
Mallik AU, Wdowiak JV and Cooper EJ, 2011. Growth and reproductive responses of Cassiope tetragona, a circumpolar evergreen shrub, to experimentally delayed snowmelt. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 43: 404-409, 10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.404MallikAUWdowiakJVCooperEJ2011Growth and reproductive responses of Cassiope tetragona a circumpolar evergreen shrub to experimentally delayed snowmelt4340440910.1657/1938-4246-43.3.40410.1657/1938-4246-43.3.404Search in Google Scholar
Manecki A, Czerny J, Kieres A, Manecki M and Rajchel J, 1993. Geological map of the SWpart of Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen, 1: 25 000. University of Mining and Metallurgy, Cracow.ManeckiACzernyJKieresAManeckiMRajchelJ1993125000University of Mining and Metallurgy CracowSearch in Google Scholar
Marsz AA and Styszyńska A (eds.), 2013. Climate and Climate Change at Hornsund, Svalbard. The publishing house of Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia: 402pp.MarszAAStyszyńskaA2013The publishing house of Gdynia Maritime University Gdynia402Search in Google Scholar
Migała K, Głowacki P and Klementowski J, 2004. Thaw dynamics of the active layer of permafrost in the Hornsund area—SW Spitsbergen and its circumstances. Polish Polar Studies, 30th International Polar Symposium, Gdynia: 251-262.MigałaKGłowackiPKlementowskiJ2004Thaw dynamics of the active layer of permafrost in the Hornsund area—SW Spitsbergen and its circumstances30th International Polar SymposiumGdynia251262Search in Google Scholar
Migała K, Wojtuń B, Szymański W and Muskała P, 2014. Soil moisture and temperature variation under different types of tundra vegetation during the growing season: A case study from the Fuglebek-ken catchment, SW Spitsbergen. Catena 116: 10-18, 10.1016/j.catena2013.12.007MigałaKWojtuńBSzymańskiWMuskałaP2014Soil moisture and temperature variation under different types of tundra vegetation during the growing season: A case study from the Fuglebekken catchment SW Spitsbergen116101810.1016/j.catena2013.12.00710.1016/j.catena.2013.12.007Search in Google Scholar
Myers-Smith I, Hallinger M, Blok D, Sass-Klaassen U, Rayback SA, Weijers S, Trant A, Tape KD, Naito A, Wipf S, Rixen C, Dawes M, Wheeler J, Buchwal A, Baittinger C, Macias-Fauria M, Forbes BC, Lévesque E, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Beil I, Ravolainen V and Wilmking M, 2015b. Methods for measuring arctic and alpine shrub growth: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 140: 1-13, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.10.004Myers-SmithIHallingerMBlokDSass-KlaassenURaybackSAWeijersSTrantATapeKDNaitoAWipfSRixenCDawesMWheelerJBuchwalABaittingerCMacias-FauriaMForbesBCLévesqueEBoulanger-LapointeNBeilIRavolainenVWilmkingM2015bMethods for measuring arctic and alpine shrub growth: a review14011310.1016/j.earscirev.2014.10.00410.1016/j.earscirev.2014.10.004Search in Google Scholar
Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Beck PSA, Wilmking M, Hallinger M, Blok D, Tape KD, Rayback SA, Macias-Fauria M, Forbes BC, Speed JDM, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Rixen C, Lévesque E, Schmidt NM, Baittinger C, Trant AJ, Hermanutz L, Collier LS, Dawes MA, Lantz TC, Weijers S, Jørgensen RH, Buchwal A, Bu-ras A, Naito AT, Ravolainen V, Schaepman-Strub G, Wheeler JA, Wipf S, Guay KC, Hik DS and Vellend M, 2015a. Climate sensitivity of shrub expansion across the tundra biome. Nature Climate Change 5: 887-891, 10.1038/nclimate2697Myers-SmithIHElmendorfSCBeckPSAWilmkingMHallingerMBlokDTapeKDRaybackSAMacias-FauriaMForbesBCSpeedJDMBoulanger-LapointeNRixenCLévesqueESchmidtNMBaittingerCTrantAJHermanutzLCollierLSDawesMALantzTCWeijersSJørgensenRHBuchwalABurasANaitoATRavolainenVSchaepman-StrubGWheelerJAWipfSGuayKCHikDSVellendM2015aClimate sensitivity of shrub expansion across the tundra biome588789110.1038/nclimate269710.1038/nclimate2697Search in Google Scholar
Niedźwiedź T, 2006. Calendar of circulation types for Spitsbergen: December 1950 — December 2006. Computer data set at the Department of Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Sosnowiec.NiedźwiedźT2006Computer data set at the Department of Climatology Faculty of Earth Sciences University of Silesia SosnowiecSearch in Google Scholar
Nordli O, 2010. The Svalbard Airport temperature series. Bulletin of Geography—physical geography series 3: 5-25.NordliO2010The Svalbard Airport temperature series352510.2478/bgeo-2010-0001Search in Google Scholar
Opała M, Migała K and Owczarek P, 2014. Tree rings of downy birch (Betula pubescens) from Island of Tromsøya (Norway) as proxies for past temperature changes in the Low Arctic. In: Migała K, Owczarek P, Kasprzak M and Strzelecki MC, eds., New perspectives in polar research. University of Wrocław: 269-280.OpałaMMigałaKOwczarekPMigałaKOwczarekPKasprzakMStrzeleckiMC2014Tree rings of downy birch (Betula pubescens) from Island of Tromsøya (Norway) as proxies for past temperature changes in the Low ArcticUniversity of Wrocław269280Search in Google Scholar
Owczarek P, 2009. Dendrogeomorphological potential of Salicaceae from SW Spitsbergen (Norway). In: Kaczka R, Malik I, Owczarek P, Gärtner H, Helle G and Heinrich I, eds., TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology Vol. 7. Scientific TechnicalReport STR 09/03, Potsdam: 181-186.OwczarekP2009Dendrogeomorphological potential of Salicaceae from SW Spitsbergen (Norway)KaczkaRMalikIOwczarekPGärtnerHHelleGHeinrichIVol. 7Scientific TechnicalReport STR 09/03Potsdam181186Search in Google Scholar
Owczarek P, 2010. Talus cone activity recorded by tree-rings of Arctic dwarf shrubs: a study case from SW Spitsbergen, Norway. Ge-ologija 52: 34-39, 10.2478/v10056-010-0003-3OwczarekP2010Talus cone activity recorded by tree-rings of Arctic dwarf shrubs: a study case from SW Spitsbergen Norway52343910.2478/v10056-010-0003-310.2478/v10056-010-0003-3Search in Google Scholar
Owczarek P, Latocha A, Wistuba M and Malik I, 2013. Reconstruction of modern debris flow activity in the arctic environment with the use of dwarf shrubs (south-western Spitsbergen) - a new dendro-chronological approach.Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supp57(3): 75-95, 10.1127/0372-8854/2013/S-00145OwczarekPLatochaAWistubaMMalikI2013Reconstruction of modern debris flow activity in the arctic environment with the use of dwarf shrubs (south-western Spitsbergen) - a new dendro-chronological approachSupp 573759510.1127/0372-8854/2013/S-0014510.1127/0372-8854/2013/S-00145Search in Google Scholar
Owczarek P, Nawrot A, Migała K, Malik I and Korabiewski B, 2014a. Flood-plain responses to contemporary climate change in small High-Arctic basins (Svalbard, Norway). Boreas 43: 384-402, 10.1111/bor.12061OwczarekPNawrotAMigałaKMalikIKorabiewskiB2014aFlood-plain responses to contemporary climate change in small High-Arctic basins (Svalbard, Norway)4338440210.1111/bor.1206110.1111/bor.12061Search in Google Scholar
Owczarek P, Opała M and Migała K, 2014b. Climatic signals in growth rings of the High Arctic dwarf shrub Salix polaris (Wahlenb.): a case study from SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard. In: Migała K, Owczarek P, Kasprzak M and Strzelecki MC, eds., New perspectives in polar research. University of Wrocław: 257-268.OwczarekPOpałaMMigałaK2014bClimatic signals in growth rings of the High Arctic dwarf shrub Salix polaris (Wahlenb.): a case study from SW Spitsbergen SvalbardMigałaKOwczarekPKasprzakMStrzeleckiMCUniversity of Wrocław257268Search in Google Scholar
Påhlsson L, 1985. List of vegetation types and land forms in the Nordic countries with the plant species of the vegetation types in Latin, the Nordic languages and English. Nordic Council of Ministers, Oslo: 69pp.PåhlssonL1985List of vegetation types and land forms in the Nordic countries with the plant species of the vegetation types in Latin the Nordic languages and EnglishOslo69Search in Google Scholar
Przybylak R, 2016. The Climate of the Arctic. Springer: 287pp.PrzybylakR2016Springer28710.1007/978-3-319-21696-6Search in Google Scholar
Rayback SA and Henry HR, 2005. Dendrochronological potential of the arctic dwarf shrubCassiope tetragona. Tree-Ring Research 61:43-53, 10.3959/1536-1098-61.1.43RaybackSAHenryHR2005Dendrochronological potential of the arctic dwarf shrubCassiope tetragona61435310.3959/1536-1098-61.1.4310.3959/1536-1098-61.1.43Search in Google Scholar
Rayback SA, Lini A and Berg DL, 2012. The dendroclimatological potential of an alpine shrub, Cassiope mertensiana, from Mount Rainier, WA, USA. Geografiska Annaler Series A: Physical Geography94: 413^27, 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00463.xRaybackSALiniABergDL2012The dendroclimatological potential of an alpine shrub Cassiope mertensiana from Mount Rainier WA, USA944132710.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00463.x10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00463.xSearch in Google Scholar
Rønning OI, 1996. The Flora of Svalbard. Norwegian Polar Institute, Oslo: 184pp.RønningOI1996Norwegian Polar InstituteOslo184Search in Google Scholar
Schmidt NM, Baittinger C and Forchhammer MC, 2006. Reconstructing century-long regimes using estimates of high Arctic Salix arctica radial growth.Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 38: 257-262, 10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[257:RCSRUE]2.0.CO;2SchmidtNMBaittingerCForchhammerMC2006Reconstructing century-long regimes using estimates of high Arctic Salix arctica radial growth3825726210.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[257:RCSRUE]2.0.CO;210.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[257:RCSRUE]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar
Schmidt NM, Baittinger C, Kollmann J and Forchhammer MC, 2010. Consistent dendrochronological response of the dioecious Salix arctica to variation in local snow precipitation across gender and vegetation types.Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 42: 471-475, 10.1657/1938-4246-42.4.471SchmidtNMBaittingerCKollmannJForchhammerMC2010Consistent dendrochronological response of the dioecious Salix arctica to variation in local snow precipitation across gender and vegetation types4247147510.1657/1938-4246-42.4.47110.1657/1938-4246-42.4.471Search in Google Scholar
Schweingruber FH and Dietz H, 2001. Annual rings in the xylem of dwarf shrubs and perennial dicotyledonous herbs. Dendrochrono-logia 19:115-126.SchweingruberFHDietzH2001Annual rings in the xylem of dwarf shrubs and perennial dicotyledonous herbs19115126Search in Google Scholar
Schweingruber FH and Poschold P, 2005. Growth rings in herbs and shrubs: life span, age determination and stem anatomy. ForestSnow and Landscape Research 79: 415pp.SchweingruberFHPoscholdP2005ForestSnow and Landscape Research79415Search in Google Scholar
Schweingruber FH, Hellmann L, Tegel W, Braun S, Nievergelt D and Büntgen U, 2013. Evaluating the wood anatomical and dendroeco-logical potential of arctic dwarf shrub communities. IA WA Journal 34(4): 485-497, 10.1163/22941932-00000039SchweingruberFHHellmannLTegelWBraunSNievergeltDBüntgenU2013Evaluating the wood anatomical and dendroeco-logical potential of arctic dwarf shrub communities34448549710.1163/22941932-0000003910.1163/22941932-00000039Search in Google Scholar
Speer J, 2010.Fundamentals of Tree-Ring Research. University ofArizona Press, Arizona: 333pp.SpeerJ2010University of Arizona PressArizona333Search in Google Scholar
Tremblay B, Lévesque E and Boudreau S, 2012. Recent expansion of erect shrubs in the Low Arctic: evidence from Eastern Nunavik. Environmental Research Letters 7, 10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/035501TremblayBLévesqueEBoudreauS2012Recent expansion of erect shrubs in the Low Arctic: evidence from Eastern Nunavik710.1088/1748-9326/7/3/03550110.1088/1748-9326/7/3/035501Search in Google Scholar
Vienna Institute of Archaeological Science (VIAS), 2005. On Screen Measuring and Image Analysis. Time Table. Installation and Instruction Manual, Version 2.1. VIAS: Vienna.Vienna Institute of Archaeological Science (VIAS)2005Time Table. Installation and Instruction Manual Version 2.1. VIASViennaSearch in Google Scholar
Warren-Wilson J, 1964. Annual growth of Salix arctica in the high-Arctic. Annales of Botany 28: 71-78.Warren-WilsonJ1964Annual growth of Salix arctica in the high-Arctic28717810.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083896Search in Google Scholar
Weijers S, Also IG, Eidesen PB, Broekman R, Loonen MJJE and Ro-zema J, 2012. No divergence in Cassiope tetragona: persistence of growth response along a latitudinal temperature gradient and under multi-year experimental warming. Annals of Botany 110: 653-665.WeijersSAlsoIGEidesenPBBroekmanRLoonenMJJERozemaJ2012No divergence in Cassiope tetragona: persistence of growth response along a latitudinal temperature gradient and under multi-year experimental warming11065366510.1093/aob/mcs123Search in Google Scholar
Weijers S, Broekman R and Rozema J, 2010. Dendrochronology in the High Arctic: July air temperatures reconstructed from annual shoot length growth of the circumarctic dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona. Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 3831-3842, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.09.003WeijersSBroekmanRRozemaJ2010Dendrochronology in the High Arctic: July air temperatures reconstructed from annual shoot length growth of the circumarctic dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona293831384210.1016/j.quascirev.2010.09.00310.1016/j.quascirev.2010.09.003Search in Google Scholar
Wigley TML, Briffa KR and Jones PD, 1984. On the average value of correlated time-series, with applications in dendroclimatology and hydrometeorology. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 23: 201-213, 10.1175/1520-0450(1984)023<0201:OTAVOC>2.0.CO;2WigleyTMLBriffaKRJonesPD1984On the average value of correlated time-series, with applications in dendroclimatology and hydrometeorology2320121310.1175/1520-0450(1984)023<0201:OTAVOC>2.0.CO;210.1175/1520-0450(1984)023<0201:OTAVOC>2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar
Woodcock H and Bradley RS, 1994. Salix arctica (Pall.): its potential for dendroclimatological studies in the High Arctic. Dendro-chronologia 12: 11-22.WoodcockHBradleyRS1994Salix arctica (Pall.): its potential for dendroclimatological studies in the High Arctic121122Search in Google Scholar
Zalatan R and Gajewski K, 2006. Dendrochronological potential of Salix alaxensis from the Kuujjua River area, western Canadian Arctic. Tree-Ring Research 62: 75-82, 10.3959/1536-1098-62.2.75ZalatanRGajewskiK2006Dendrochronological potential of Salix alaxensis from the Kuujjua River area western Canadian Arctic62758210.3959/1536-1098-62.2.7510.3959/1536-1098-62.2.75Search in Google Scholar