The force applied to the knee extensor mechanism differs between flat-footed and normal subjects during walking

1. Bok S.K., Kim B.O., Lim J.H., Ahn S.Y. (2014) Effects of custom-made rigid foot orthosis on pes planus in children over 6 years old. Ann. Rehabil. Med., 38(3): 369-375.10.5535/arm.2014.38.3.369Search in Google Scholar

2. Bressel E. (2001) The influence of ergometer pedaling direction on peak patellofemoral joint forces. Clin. Bio­mech., 16(5): 431-437.10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00009-2Search in Google Scholar

3. Cappozzo A., Catani F., Della Croce U., Leardini A. (1995) Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: anatomical frame definition and determina­tion. Clin. Biomech., 10(4): 171-178.10.1016/0268-0033(95)91394-TSearch in Google Scholar

4. Chen Y.C., Lou S.Z., Huang C.Y., Su F.C. (2010) Effects of foot orthoses on gait patterns of flat feet patients. Clin. Biomech., 25(3): 265-270.10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.11.00720015581Search in Google Scholar

5. Deleo A., Dierks T., Ferber R. ( 2004) Lower extremity joint coupling during running: a current update. Clin. Bi­omech., 19(10): 983-991.10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.07.00515531047Search in Google Scholar

6. De Ruiter CJ, De Korte A, Schreven S, De Haan A. (2010) Leg dominancy in relation to fast isometric torque production and squat jump height. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.,108(2): 247.10.1007/s00421-009-1209-0279963019777253Search in Google Scholar

7. Duval K., Lam T., Sanderson D. (2010) The mechanical relationship between the rearfoot, pelvis and low-back. Gait Posture, 32(4): 637-640.10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.09.00720889344Search in Google Scholar

8. Feiss HO. (1909) A simple method of estimating the com­mon variations and deformities of the foot. Am. J. Med. Sci., 138(2): 213-230.Search in Google Scholar

9. Hannigan-downs K., Harter R., Smith G. (2000) Ra­diographic validation and reliability of selected clinical measures of pronation. J. Athlet. Train., 35: 12-30.Search in Google Scholar

10. Hunt A., Smith R. (2004) Mechanics and control of the flat versus normal foot during the stance phase of walk­ing. Clin. Biomech., 19(4): 391-397.10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.12.01015109760Search in Google Scholar

11. Karatsolis K., Nikolopoulos C., Papadopoulos E., Vage­nas G., Terzis E., Athanasopoulos S. (2009) Eversion and inversion muscle group peak torque in hyperpronated and normal individuals. The Foot, 19(1): 29-35.10.1016/j.foot.2008.06.00620307446Search in Google Scholar

12. Khamis S., Yizhar Z. (2007) Effect of feet hyperprona­tion on pelvic alignment in a standing position. Gait Pos­ture , 25(1): 127-134.10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.02.00516621569Search in Google Scholar

13. Khan W., Nokes L., Jones R., Johnson D. (2007) The re­lationship of the angle of immobilisation of the knee to the force applied to the extensor mechanism when par­tially weight-bearing. Bone Joint J., 89: 911-914.Search in Google Scholar

14. Kim J.A., Lim O.B., Yi C.H. (2015) Difference in static and dynamic stability between flexible flatfeet and neu­tral feet. Gait Posture, 41(2): 546-550.10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.12.01225560044Search in Google Scholar

15. Leung A., Mak A., Evans J. (1998) Biomechanical gait evaluation of the immediate effect of orthotic treatment for flexible flat foot. Prosthet. Orthot. Int., 22(1): 25-34.10.3109/030936498091644549604273Search in Google Scholar

16. Nordin M., Frankel V. (2001) Basic biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system, Philadelphia, Lippincott Wil­liams & Wilkins.Search in Google Scholar

17. Perry J., Gait analysis: normal and pathological function, SLACK incorporated, 1992.10.1097/01241398-199211000-00023Search in Google Scholar

18. Pohl M., Messenger N., Buckley J. (2007) Forefoot, rear­foot and shank coupling: effect of variations in speed and mode of gait. Gait Posture, 25(2): 295-302.10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.04.01216759862Search in Google Scholar

19. Sammarco G., (1989) Biomechanics of the foot. In: Nordin M., Frankel V., (eds.) Basic biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system: Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. p. 163-181.Search in Google Scholar

20. Shariatmadari M., English R., Rothwell G. ( 2010) A re­view of developments into therapeutic running footwear research. Procedia Eng., 2(2): 2811-2816.10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.071Search in Google Scholar

21. Smith-oricchio K., Harris B. (1990) Interrater reliability of subtalar neutral, calcaneal inversion and eversion. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther., 12(1): 10-15.10.2519/jospt.1990.12.1.1018796888Search in Google Scholar

22. Tateuchi H., Wada O., Ichihashi N. (2011) Effects of cal­caneal eversion on three-dimensional kinematics of the hip, pelvis and thorax in unilateral weight bearing. Hum. Mov. Sci., 30(3): 566-573.10.1016/j.humov.2010.11.01121459469Search in Google Scholar

23. Tiberio D. (1987) The effect of excessive subtalar joint pronation on patellofemoral mechanics: a theoretical model. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther., 9(4): 160-165.10.2519/jospt.1987.9.4.16018797010Search in Google Scholar

24. Wang W., Crompton R. (2004) Analysis of the human and ape foot during bipedal standing with implications for the evolution of the foot. J. Biomech., 37(12): 1831-1836.10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.02.03615519591Search in Google Scholar

25. Wilken J.M., Rodriguez K.M., Brawner M., Darter B.J. (2012) Reliability and minimal detectible change values for gait kinematics and kinetics in healthy adults. Gait Posture, 35(2): 301-307.10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.09.10522041096Search in Google Scholar

26. Williams D.S., Mcclay I.S., Hamill J., Buchanan T.S. (2001) Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic differ­ences in runners with high and low arches. J. Appl. Bio­mech., 17(2): 153-163.Search in Google Scholar

27. Yamaguchi G., Zajac F. (1989) A planar model of the knee joint to characterize the knee extensor mechanism. J. Biomech., 22(1): 1-10.10.1016/0021-9290(89)90179-6Search in Google Scholar