This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Gali-Muhtasib H, Roessner A, Schneider-Stock R. Thymoquinone: a promising anti-cancer drug from natural sources. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006; 38:1249–53.Gali-MuhtasibHRoessnerASchneider-StockRThymoquinone: a promising anti-cancer drug from natural sources20063812495310.1016/j.biocel.2005.10.00916314136Search in Google Scholar
Ansari Z, Satish T. Traditional uses of Nigella sativa, in Malegaon region of Nashik – a review. Int J Pure App Biosci. 2013; 1:19–23.AnsariZSatishTTraditional uses of Nigella sativa, in Malegaon region of Nashik – a review201311923Search in Google Scholar
Nadkarni KM (Krishnarao Mangeshrao), Nadkarni AK. Dr. K. M. Nadkarni's Indian materia medica, with ayurvedic, unani-tibbi, siddha, allopathic, homeopathic, naturopathic and home remedies, appendices and indexes. 3rd ed. Bombay: Popular Prakashan; 1954 [cited 2020 Feb 02] Available from: https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/21887031NadkarniKM (Krishnarao Mangeshrao)NadkarniAK3rd edBombayPopular Prakashan1954[cited 2020 Feb 02] Available from: https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/21887031Search in Google Scholar
Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Rakhshandeh H, Omidi A. An investigation on LD50 and subacute hepatic toxicity of Nigella sativa seed extracts in mice. Pharmazie. 2005; 60:544–7.Vahdati-MashhadianNRakhshandehHOmidiAAn investigation on LD50 and subacute hepatic toxicity of Nigella sativa seed extracts in mice2005605447Search in Google Scholar
Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BSF, Hosseinzadeh H. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2014; 17:929–38.ForouzanfarFBazzazBSFHosseinzadehHBlack cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects20141792938Search in Google Scholar
Majdalawieh AF, Fayyad MW. Recent advances on the anti-cancer properties of Nigella sativa, a widely used food additive. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2016; 7:173–80.MajdalawiehAFFayyadMWRecent advances on the anti-cancer properties of Nigella sativa, a widely used food additive201671738010.1016/j.jaim.2016.07.004505236027649635Search in Google Scholar
Mahmoud YK, Abdelrazek HMA. Cancer: Thymoquinone antioxidant/pro-oxidant effect as potential anticancer remedy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019; 115:108783. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108783MahmoudYKAbdelrazekHMACancer: Thymoquinone antioxidant/pro-oxidant effect as potential anticancer remedy201911510878310.1016/j.biopha.2019.10878331060003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Majdalawieh AF, Fayyad MW. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone: a comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015; 28:295–304.MajdalawiehAFFayyadMWImmunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone: a comprehensive review20152829530410.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.02326117430Search in Google Scholar
Hosseinian S, Roshan NM, Khazaei M, Shahraki S, Mohebbati R, Rad AK. Renoprotective effect of Nigella sativa against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2018; 29:19–29.HosseinianSRoshanNMKhazaeiMShahrakiSMohebbatiRRadAKRenoprotective effect of Nigella sativa against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat201829192910.4103/1319-2442.22520829456204Search in Google Scholar
Şen N, Kar Y, Tekeli Y. Antioxidant activities of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds cultivating in different regions of Turkey. J Food Biochem. 2010; 34:105–19.ŞenNKarYTekeliYAntioxidant activities of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds cultivating in different regions of Turkey2010341051910.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00309.xSearch in Google Scholar
Boskabady M-H, Keyhanmanesh R, Khameneh S, Doostdar Y, Khakzad M-R. Potential immunomodulation effect of the extract of Nigella sativa on ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2011; 12:201–9.BoskabadyM-HKeyhanmaneshRKhamenehSDoostdarYKhakzadM-RPotential immunomodulation effect of the extract of Nigella sativa on ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs201112201910.1631/jzus.B1000163304893521370505Search in Google Scholar
Ramadhan UH, Mohammedali MA, Abood HS. Study the analgesic activity of Nigella sativa L. volatile oil against pain in mice. J Curr Pharm Res. 2011; 5:36–8.RamadhanUHMohammedaliMAAboodHSStudy the analgesic activity of Nigella sativa L. volatile oil against pain in mice20115368Search in Google Scholar
Tuna HI, Babadag B, Ozkaraman A, Balci Alparslan G. Investigation of the effect of black cumin oil on pain in osteoarthritis geriatric individuals. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018; 31:290–4.TunaHIBabadagBOzkaramanABalci AlparslanGInvestigation of the effect of black cumin oil on pain in osteoarthritis geriatric individuals201831290410.1016/j.ctcp.2018.03.01329705470Search in Google Scholar
Zakaria A, Jais MR, Ishak R. Analgesic properties of Nigella Sativa and Eucheuma Cottonii extracts. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2018; 9:23–26.ZakariaAJaisMRIshakRAnalgesic properties of Nigella Sativa and Eucheuma Cottonii extracts20189232610.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_131_17581206929456388Search in Google Scholar
Asif M, Jabeen Q, Majid A, Atif M. Diuretic activity of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa in albino rats. Acta Pol Pharm. 2015; 72:129–35.AsifMJabeenQMajidAAtifMDiuretic activity of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa in albino rats20157212935Search in Google Scholar
Benhelima A, Kaid-Omar Z, Hemida H, Benmahdi T, Addou A. Nephroprotective and diuretic effect of Nigella sativa L. seeds oil on lithiasic Wistar rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2016; 13:204–14.BenhelimaAKaid-OmarZHemidaHBenmahdiTAddouANephroprotective and diuretic effect of Nigella sativa L. seeds oil on lithiasic Wistar rats2016132041410.21010/ajtcam.v13i6.30541219628480381Search in Google Scholar
Jaarin K, Foong WD, Yeoh MH, Kamarul ZYN, Qodriyah HMS, Azman A, et al. Mechanisms of the antihypertensive effects of Nigella sativa oil in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Clinics. 2015; 70:751–7.JaarinKFoongWDYeohMHKamarulZYNQodriyahHMSAzmanAMechanisms of the antihypertensive effects of Nigella sativa oil in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats201570751710.6061/clinics/2015(11)07Search in Google Scholar
Bamosa AO, Kaatabi H, Lebdaa FM, Elq A, Al-Sultanb A. Effect of Nigella sativa seeds on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2010; 54:344–54.BamosaAOKaatabiHLebdaaFMElqAAl-SultanbAEffect of Nigella sativa seeds on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus20105434454Search in Google Scholar
El Rabey HA, Al-Seeni MN, Bakhashwain AS. The antidiabetic activity of Nigella sativa and propolis on streptozotocin-induced diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in male rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017; 2017:5439645. doi: 10.1155/2017/5439645El RabeyHAAl-SeeniMNBakhashwainASThe antidiabetic activity of Nigella sativa and propolis on streptozotocin-induced diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in male rats20172017543964510.1155/2017/5439645533738728298934Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abdelrazek HMA, Kilany OE, Muhammad MAA, Tag HM, Abdelazim AM. Black seed thymoquinone improved insulin secretion, hepatic glycogen storage, and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018; 2018:8104165. doi: 10.1155/2018/8104165AbdelrazekHMAKilanyOEMuhammadMAATagHMAbdelazimAMBlack seed thymoquinone improved insulin secretion, hepatic glycogen storage, and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats20182018810416510.1155/2018/8104165585729929686746Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kanter M, Demir H, Karakaya C, Ozbek H. Gastroprotective activity of Nigella sativa L. oil and its constituent, thymoquinone against acute alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2005; 11:6662–6.KanterMDemirHKarakayaCOzbekHGastroprotective activity of Nigella sativa L. oil and its constituent, thymoquinone against acute alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats2005116662610.3748/wjg.v11.i42.6662435576116425361Search in Google Scholar
Shakeri F, Gholamnezhad Z, Mégarbane B, Rezaee R, Boskabady MH. Gastrointestinal effects of Nigella sativa and its main constituent, thymoquinone: a review. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2016; 6:9–20.ShakeriFGholamnezhadZMégarbaneBRezaeeRBoskabadyMHGastrointestinal effects of Nigella sativa and its main constituent, thymoquinone: a review20166920Search in Google Scholar
Al-Seeni MN, El Rabey HA, Zamzami MA, Alnefayee AM. The hepatoprotective activity of olive oil and Nigella sativa oil against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016; 16:438. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1422-4Al-SeeniMNEl RabeyHAZamzamiMAAlnefayeeAMThe hepatoprotective activity of olive oil and Nigella sativa oil against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in male rats20161643810.1186/s12906-016-1422-4509744627814700Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Sayeed MSB, Asaduzzaman M, Morshed H, Hossain MM, Kadir MF, Rahman MR. The effect of Nigella sativa Linn. seed on memory, attention and cognition in healthy human volunteers. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 148:780–6.SayeedMSBAsaduzzamanMMorshedHHossainMMKadirMFRahmanMRThe effect of Nigella sativa Linn. seed on memory, attention and cognition in healthy human volunteers2013148780610.1016/j.jep.2013.05.00423707331Search in Google Scholar
Shawki M, El Wakeel L, Shatla R, Gamila E-S, Ibrahim S, Badary O. The clinical outcome of adjuvant therapy with black seed oil on intractable paediatric seizures: a pilot study. Epileptic Disord. 2013; 15:295–301.ShawkiMEl WakeelLShatlaRGamilaE-SIbrahimSBadaryOThe clinical outcome of adjuvant therapy with black seed oil on intractable paediatric seizures: a pilot study20131529530110.1684/epd.2013.060223981722Search in Google Scholar
Sayeed MSB, Shams T, Hossain SF, Rahman MR, Mostofa A, Kadir MF, et al. Nigella sativa L. seeds modulate mood, anxiety and cognition in healthy adolescent males. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2014; 152:156–62.SayeedMSBShamsTHossainSFRahmanMRMostofaAKadirMFNigella sativa L. seeds modulate mood, anxiety and cognition in healthy adolescent males20141521566210.1016/j.jep.2013.12.05024412554Search in Google Scholar
Dehkordi FR, Kamkhah AF. Antihypertensive effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in patients with mild hypertension. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2008; 22:447–52.DehkordiFRKamkhahAFAntihypertensive effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in patients with mild hypertension2008224475210.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00607.x18705755Search in Google Scholar
Rizka A, Setiati S, Lydia A, Dewiasty E. Effect of Nigella sativa seed extract for hypertension in elderly: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Acta Med Indones. 2017; 49:307–13.RizkaASetiatiSLydiaADewiastyEEffect of Nigella sativa seed extract for hypertension in elderly: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial20174930713Search in Google Scholar
Majeed A, Naveed AK. Comparative evaluation of Nigella sativa (Kalonji) and simvastatin for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and in the induction of hepatotoxicity. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015; 28:493–8.MajeedANaveedAKComparative evaluation of Nigella sativa (Kalonji) and simvastatin for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and in the induction of hepatotoxicity2015284938Search in Google Scholar
Sabzghabaee AM, Dianatkhah M, Sarrafzadegan N, Asgary S, Ghannadi A. Clinical evaluation of Nigella sativa seeds for the treatment of hyperlipidemia: a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. Med Arch. 2012; 66:198–200.SabzghabaeeAMDianatkhahMSarrafzadeganNAsgarySGhannadiAClinical evaluation of Nigella sativa seeds for the treatment of hyperlipidemia: a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial20126619820010.5455/medarh.2012.66.198-20022822623Search in Google Scholar
Mahdavi R, Namazi N, Alizadeh M, Farajnia S. Effects of Nigella sativa oil with a low-calorie diet on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Food Funct. 2015; 6:2041–8.MahdaviRNamaziNAlizadehMFarajniaSEffects of Nigella sativa oil with a low-calorie diet on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women: a randomized controlled clinical trial201562041810.1039/C5FO00316DSearch in Google Scholar
Mousavi SM, Sheikhi A, Varkaneh HK, Zarezadeh M, Rahmani J, Milajerdi A. Effect of Nigella sativa supplementation on obesity indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2018; 38:48–57.MousaviSMSheikhiAVarkanehHKZarezadehMRahmaniJMilajerdiAEffect of Nigella sativa supplementation on obesity indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials201838485710.1016/j.ctim.2018.04.003Search in Google Scholar
Gheita TA, Kenawy SA. Effectiveness of Nigella sativa oil in the management of rheumatoid arthritis patients: a placebo controlled study. Phytother Res. 2012; 26:1246–8.GheitaTAKenawySAEffectiveness of Nigella sativa oil in the management of rheumatoid arthritis patients: a placebo controlled study2012261246810.1002/ptr.3679Search in Google Scholar
Hadi V, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M, Khabbazi A, Hosseini H. Effects of Nigella sativa oil extract on inflammatory cytokine response and oxidative stress status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2016; 6:34–43.HadiVKheirouriSAlizadehMKhabbaziAHosseiniHEffects of Nigella sativa oil extract on inflammatory cytokine response and oxidative stress status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial201663443Search in Google Scholar
Kheirouri S, Hadi V, Alizadeh M. Immunomodulatory effect of Nigella sativa oil on T lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Invest. 2016; 45:271–83.KheirouriSHadiVAlizadehMImmunomodulatory effect of Nigella sativa oil on T lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis2016452718310.3109/08820139.2016.1153649Search in Google Scholar
Koshak A, Wei L, Koshak E, Wali S, Alamoudi O, Demerdash A, et al. Nigella sativa supplementation improves asthma control and biomarkers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2017; 31:403–9.KoshakAWeiLKoshakEWaliSAlamoudiODemerdashANigella sativa supplementation improves asthma control and biomarkers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial201731403910.1002/ptr.5761Search in Google Scholar
Farhangi MA, Dehghan P, Tajmiri S, Abbasi MM. The effects of Nigella sativa on thyroid function, serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) – 1, Nesfatin-1 and anthropometric features in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2016; 16:471. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1432-2.FarhangiMADehghanPTajmiriSAbbasiMMThe effects of Nigella sativa on thyroid function, serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) – 1, Nesfatin-1 and anthropometric features in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a randomized controlled trial20161647110.1186/s12906-016-1432-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Barakat EMF, El Wakeel LM, Hagag RS. Effects of Nigella sativa on outcome of hepatitis C in Egypt. World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19:2529–36.BarakatEMFEl WakeelLMHagagRSEffects of Nigella sativa on outcome of hepatitis C in Egypt20131925293610.3748/wjg.v19.i16.2529Search in Google Scholar
Mahdavi R, Heshmati J, Namazi N. Effects of black seeds (Nigella sativa) on male infertility: a systematic review. J Herb Med. 2015; 5:133–9.MahdaviRHeshmatiJNamaziNEffects of black seeds (Nigella sativa) on male infertility: a systematic review20155133910.1016/j.hermed.2015.03.002Search in Google Scholar
Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, et al. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: a miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013; 3:337–52.AhmadAHusainAMujeebMKhanSANajmiAKSiddiqueNAA review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: a miracle herb201333375210.1016/S2221-1691(13)60075-1Search in Google Scholar
Benkaci-Ali F, Baaliouamer A, Meklati BY, Chemat F. Chemical composition of seed essential oils from Algerian Nigella sativa extracted by microwave and hydrodistillation. Flavour Frag J. 2007; 22:148–53.Benkaci-AliFBaaliouamerAMeklatiBYChematFChemical composition of seed essential oils from Algerian Nigella sativa extracted by microwave and hydrodistillation2007221485310.1002/ffj.1773Search in Google Scholar
Tembhurne S, Feroz S, More B, Sakarkar D. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa (kalonji) seeds. J Med Plant Res. 2014; 8:167–77.TembhurneSFerozSMoreBSakarkarDA review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa (kalonji) seeds201481677710.5897/JMPR10.737Search in Google Scholar
Ali B, Blunden G. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res. 2003; 17:299–305.AliBBlundenGPharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa20031729930510.1002/ptr.1309Search in Google Scholar
Hamburger M, Hostettmann K. Bioactivity in plants: the link between phytochemistry and medicine. Phytochemistry. 1991; 30:3864–74.HamburgerMHostettmannKBioactivity in plants: the link between phytochemistry and medicine19913038647410.1016/0031-9422(91)83425-KSearch in Google Scholar
El-Dakhakhny M. Studies on the chemical constitution of Egyptian Nigella sativa L. seeds. II) The essential oil. Planta Med. 1963; 11:465–70.El-DakhakhnyMStudies on the chemical constitution of Egyptian Nigella sativa L. seeds. II) The essential oil1963114657010.1055/s-0028-1100266Search in Google Scholar
Hosseinzadeh H, Parvardeh S. Anticonvulsant effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, in mice. Phytomedicine. 2004; 11:56–64.HosseinzadehHParvardehSAnticonvulsant effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, in mice200411566410.1078/0944-7113-0037614971722Search in Google Scholar
Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Rezaee R, Karimi G. An overview of in vivo toxicological profile of thymoquinone. Toxin Rev. 2020; 39:115–122.Mashayekhi-SardooHRezaeeRKarimiGAn overview of in vivo toxicological profile of thymoquinone20203911512210.1080/15569543.2018.1514637Search in Google Scholar
Zaghlol DAA, Kamel ES, Mohammed DS, Abbas NH. The possible toxic effect of different doses of Nigella sativa oil on the histological structure of the liver and renal cortex of adult male albino rats. Egypt J Histol. 2012; 35:127–36.ZaghlolDAAKamelESMohammedDSAbbasNHThe possible toxic effect of different doses of Nigella sativa oil on the histological structure of the liver and renal cortex of adult male albino rats2012351273610.1097/01.EHX.0000411396.11951.02Search in Google Scholar
Zaoui A, Cherrah Y, Mahassini N, Alaoui K, Amarouch H, Hassar M. Acute and chronic toxicity of Nigella sativa fixed oil. Phytomedicine. 2002; 9:69–74.ZaouiACherrahYMahassiniNAlaouiKAmarouchHHassarMAcute and chronic toxicity of Nigella sativa fixed oil20029697410.1078/0944-7113-0008411924767Search in Google Scholar
Bolton JL, Trush MA, Penning TM, Dryhurst G, Monks TJ. Role of quinones in toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol. 2000; 13:135–60.BoltonJLTrushMAPenningTMDryhurstGMonksTJRole of quinones in toxicology2000131356010.1021/tx990208210725110Search in Google Scholar
El-Hadiyah T, Raza M, Mohammed O, Abdallah A. Evaluation of Nigella sativa seed constituents for their in vivo toxicity in mice. Nat Prod Sci. 2003; 9:22–7.El-HadiyahTRazaMMohammedOAbdallahAEvaluation of Nigella sativa seed constituents for their in vivo toxicity in mice20039227Search in Google Scholar
Yu S-M, Kim S-J. The thymoquinone-induced production of reactive oxygen species promotes dedifferentiation through the ERK pathway and inflammation through the p38 and PI3K pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Int J Mol Med. 2015; 35:325–32.YuS-MKimS-JThe thymoquinone-induced production of reactive oxygen species promotes dedifferentiation through the ERK pathway and inflammation through the p38 and PI3K pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes2015353253210.3892/ijmm.2014.2014429276725435376Search in Google Scholar
Khanna T, Zaidi F, Dandiya P. CNS and analgesic studies on Nigella sativa. Fitoterapia. 1993; 5:407–10.KhannaTZaidiFDandiyaPCNS and analgesic studies on Nigella sativa1993540710Search in Google Scholar
Al-Jishi S, Hozaifa BA. Effect of Nigella sativa on blood hemostatic function in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 85:7–14.Al-JishiSHozaifaBAEffect of Nigella sativa on blood hemostatic function in rats20038571410.1016/S0378-8741(02)00356-2Search in Google Scholar
Al-Homidan A, Al-Qarawi AA, Al-Waily SA, Adam SEI. Response of broiler chicks to dietary Rhazya stricta and Nigella sativa. Br Poult Sci. 2002; 43:291–6.Al-HomidanAAl-QarawiAAAl-WailySAAdamSEIResponse of broiler chicks to dietary Rhazya stricta and Nigella sativa200243291610.1080/00071660120121526Search in Google Scholar
Zaoui A, Cherrah Y, Alaoui K, Mahassine N, Amarouch H, Hassar M. Effects of Nigella sativa fixed oil on blood homeostasis in rat. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 79:23–6.ZaouiACherrahYAlaouiKMahassineNAmarouchHHassarMEffects of Nigella sativa fixed oil on blood homeostasis in rat20027923610.1016/S0378-8741(01)00342-7Search in Google Scholar
Gholamnezhad Z, Rafatpanah H, Sadeghnia HR, Boskabady MH. Immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone on rat splenocytes. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015; 86:72–80.GholamnezhadZRafatpanahHSadeghniaHRBoskabadyMHImmunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone on rat splenocytes201586728010.1016/j.fct.2015.08.028Search in Google Scholar
Hussaini IM, Amos S, Simpson K, Redpath GT, Lyons C, Dipierro C. Nigella sativa and thymoquinone induce caspase-9/3 activation and glioblastoma cell death. In: Preclinical experimental therapeutics and pharmacology. ET-20. Abstracts from the 16th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Neuro-Oncology in Conjunction with the AANS/CNS Section on Tumors; 2011 November 17–20, Orange County, California. Oxford: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. Neuro-Oncol. 2011; 13(Suppl 3):iii111. [abstract]HussainiIMAmosSSimpsonKRedpathGTLyonsCDipierroCIn:Preclinical experimental therapeutics and pharmacology. ET-20. Abstracts from the 16th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Neuro-Oncology in Conjunction with the AANS/CNS Section on Tumors2011 November 17–20Orange County, CaliforniaOxfordOxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. Neuro-Oncol201113(Suppl 3):iii111. [abstract]Search in Google Scholar
Khader M, Eckl P, Bresgen N. Effects of aqueous extracts of medicinal plants on MNNG-treated rat hepatocytes in primary cultures. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 112:199–202.KhaderMEcklPBresgenNEffects of aqueous extracts of medicinal plants on MNNG-treated rat hepatocytes in primary cultures200711219920210.1016/j.jep.2007.01.027Search in Google Scholar
Steinmann A, Schätzle M, Agathos M, Brett R. Allergic contact dermatitis from black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil after topical use. Contact Dermatitis. 1997; 36:268–9.SteinmannASchätzleMAgathosMBrettRAllergic contact dermatitis from black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil after topical use199736268910.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00219.xSearch in Google Scholar
Zedlitz S, Kaufmann R, Boehncke WH. Allergic contact dermatitis from black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil-containing ointment. Contact Dermatitis. 2002; 46:188.ZedlitzSKaufmannRBoehnckeWHAllergic contact dermatitis from black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil-containing ointment20024618810.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460318.xSearch in Google Scholar
Amina B. Toxicity and anti-oxidant activity of the essential oil of Nigella sativa. Pharm Lett. 2016; 8:245–9.AminaBToxicity and anti-oxidant activity of the essential oil of Nigella sativa201682459Search in Google Scholar
Tennekoon KH, Jeevathayaparan S, Kurukulasooriya AP, Karunanayake EH. Possible hepatotoxicity of Nigella sativa seeds and Dregea volubilis leaves. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 31:283–9.TennekoonKHJeevathayaparanSKurukulasooriyaAPKarunanayakeEHPossible hepatotoxicity of Nigella sativa seeds and Dregea volubilis leaves199131283910.1016/0378-8741(91)90013-4Search in Google Scholar
Dollah MA, Parhizkar S, Latiff LA, Hassan MHB. Toxicity effect of Nigella sativa on the liver function of rats. Adv Pharm Bull. 2013; 3:97–102.DollahMAParhizkarSLatiffLAHassanMHBToxicity effect of Nigella sativa on the liver function of rats2013397102Search in Google Scholar
Bensiameur-Touati K, Kacimi G, Haffaf E-M, Berdja S, Aouichat-Bouguerra S. In vivo subacute toxicity and antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017; 2017:8427034. doi: 10.1155/2017/8427034Bensiameur-TouatiKKacimiGHaffafE-MBerdjaSAouichat-BouguerraSIn vivo subacute toxicity and antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa20172017842703410.1155/2017/8427034574289029479371Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lou WP, Assaw S, Lokman MA, Suhaimin N, Yusof HM. Sub-acute toxicity of black seed (Nigella sativa) and honey mixture. Malays Appl Biol. 2018; 47:11–8.LouWPAssawSLokmanMASuhaiminNYusofHMSub-acute toxicity of black seed (Nigella sativa) and honey mixture201847118Search in Google Scholar
Ugur AR, Dagi HT, Ozturk B, Tekin G, Findik D. Assessment of in vitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity effect of Nigella sativa oil. Phcogn Mag. 2016; 12(Suppl 4):S471–4.UgurARDagiHTOzturkBTekinGFindikDAssessment of in vitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity effect of Nigella sativa oil201612Suppl 4S471410.4103/0973-1296.191459506812627761077Search in Google Scholar
Kadan S, Saad B, Sasson Y, Zaid H. In vitro evaluations of cytotoxicity of eight antidiabetic medicinal plants and their effect on GLUT4 translocation. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2013; 2013:549345. doi: 10.1155/2013/549345.KadanSSaadBSassonYZaidHIn vitro evaluations of cytotoxicity of eight antidiabetic medicinal plants and their effect on GLUT4 translocation2013201354934510.1155/2013/549345362554623606883Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mahmoudvand H, Sharififar F, Assadipour A, Hassan Moshafi M, Alishahi F. Bioassay screening of the essential oil and various extracts of Nigella sativa L. seeds using brine shrimp toxicity assay. J Herb Med. 2017; 2:26–31.MahmoudvandHSharififarFAssadipourAHassan MoshafiMAlishahiFBioassay screening of the essential oil and various extracts of Nigella sativa L. seeds using brine shrimp toxicity assay201722631Search in Google Scholar
Nazrul Islam S, Begum P, Ahsan T, Huque S, Ahsan M. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res. 2004; 18:395–8.Nazrul IslamSBegumPAhsanTHuqueSAhsanMImmunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa200418395810.1002/ptr.144915174000Search in Google Scholar
Norfazlina MN, Farida Zuraina MY, Rajab NF, Mohd Nazip S, Rumiza AR, Suziana Zaila CF, et al. Cytotoxicity study of Nigella sativa and Zingiber zerumbet extracts, thymoquinone and zerumbone isolated on human myeloid leukemia (HL60) cell. Open Conf Proc J. 2013; 4(Suppl 2, M16):99–107.NorfazlinaMNFarida ZurainaMYRajabNFMohd NazipSRumizaARSuziana ZailaCFCytotoxicity study of Nigella sativa and Zingiber zerumbet extracts, thymoquinone and zerumbone isolated on human myeloid leukemia (HL60) cell20134Suppl 2M169910710.2174/2210289201304020099Search in Google Scholar
Panah KH, Ghasemi Fe, Hosseini SM, Zojaji SA, Meshkat Z. Evaluation of the toxic effects of Nigella sativa on human cell lines of hepatic origin. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2015; 5:87–8.PanahKHGhasemiFeHosseiniSMZojajiSAMeshkatZEvaluation of the toxic effects of Nigella sativa on human cell lines of hepatic origin20155878Search in Google Scholar
Nguyen T, Talbi H, Hilali A, Anthonissen R, Maes A, Verschaeve L. In vitro toxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of Nigella sativa extracts from different geographic locations. S Afr J Bot. 2019; 126:132–41.NguyenTTalbiHHilaliAAnthonissenRMaesAVerschaeveLIn vitro toxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of Nigella sativa extracts from different geographic locations20191261324110.1016/j.sajb.2019.02.015Search in Google Scholar
Shafi G, Munshi A, Hasan TN, Alshatwi AA, Jyothy A, Lei DKY. Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by chloroform fraction of seed extracts of Nigella sativa. Cancer Cell Int. 2009; 9:29. doi: 10.1186/1475-2867-9-29ShafiGMunshiAHasanTNAlshatwiAAJyothyALeiDKYInduction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by chloroform fraction of seed extracts of Nigella sativa200992910.1186/1475-2867-9-29279485519943925Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Amini M, Fallah Huseini H, Mohtashami R, Sadeqhi Z, Ghamarchehre M. Hypolipidemic effects of Nigella sativa L. seeds oil in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Med Plant. 2011; 4:133–8.AminiMFallah HuseiniHMohtashamiRSadeqhiZGhamarchehreMHypolipidemic effects of Nigella sativa L. seeds oil in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial201141338Search in Google Scholar
Fallah Huseini H, Amini M, Mohtashami R, Ghamarchehre M, Sadeqhi Z, Kianbakht S, Fallah Huseini, A. Blood pressure lowering effect of Nigella sativa L. seed oil in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2013; 27:1849–53.Fallah HuseiniHAminiMMohtashamiRGhamarchehreMSadeqhiZKianbakhtSFallah HuseiniABlood pressure lowering effect of Nigella sativa L. seed oil in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial20132718495310.1002/ptr.494423436437Search in Google Scholar
Datau E, Surachmanto E, Pandelaki K, Langi J. Efficacy of Nigella sativa on serum free testosterone and metabolic disturbances in central obese male. Acta Med Indones. 2010; 42:130–4.DatauESurachmantoEPandelakiKLangiJEfficacy of Nigella sativa on serum free testosterone and metabolic disturbances in central obese male2010421304Search in Google Scholar
Ibraheim ZZ. Effect of Nigella sativa seeds and total oil on some blood parameters in female volunteers. Saudi Pharm J. 2002; 10:54–9.IbraheimZZEffect of Nigella sativa seeds and total oil on some blood parameters in female volunteers200210549Search in Google Scholar
Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Thukair AA, Abbas FA, Ansari MJ, Alkharfy KM, Al-Mohizea AM, et al. Effect of black seed on dextromethorphan O- and N-demethylation in human liver microsomes and healthy human subjects. Drug Metab Lett. 2010; 4:51–5.Al-JenoobiFIAl-ThukairAAAbbasFAAnsariMJAlkharfyKMAl-MohizeaAMEffect of black seed on dextromethorphan O- and N-demethylation in human liver microsomes and healthy human subjects2010451510.2174/18723121079098043520201775Search in Google Scholar
Nosbaum A, Said BB, Halpern S-J, Nicolas J-F, Bérard F. Systemic allergic contact dermatitis to black cumin essential oil expressing as generalized erythema multiforme. Eur J Dermatol. 2011; 21:447–8.NosbaumASaidBBHalpernS-JNicolasJ-FBérardFSystemic allergic contact dermatitis to black cumin essential oil expressing as generalized erythema multiforme201121447810.1684/ejd.2011.135121524993Search in Google Scholar
Tavakkoli A, Mahdian V, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Review on clinical trials of black seed (Nigella sativa) and its active constituent, thymoquinone. J Pharmacopuncture. 2017; 20:179–93.TavakkoliAMahdianVRazaviBMHosseinzadehHReview on clinical trials of black seed (Nigella sativa) and its active constituent, thymoquinone2017201799310.3831/KPI.2017.20.021563367030087794Search in Google Scholar