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Erosion Control Ecosystem Service Provided by Salix Acutifolia Willd. Neophyte on the South Baltic Coast: Insights from Wolin Island, Poland

Janina Borysiak
Janina Borysiak
, 
Paweł Czyryca
Paweł Czyryca
 e 
Małgorzata Stępniewska
Małgorzata Stępniewska
   | 26 giu 2024
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Pubblicato online: 26 giu 2024
Pagine: -
Ricevuto: 17 gen 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0023
© 2024 Janina Borysiak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

The location of the study area. Reference data: OpenStreetMap contributors.
The location of the study area. Reference data: OpenStreetMap contributors.

Fig. 2.

Natural conditions in the study area from 53°54′47.7″N, 14°18′56.3″E to 54°00′22.0″N 14°40′50.1″E on Wolin Island: A – transformations of the cliff topography as a result of strong storms with a violent wind (Barbara 28–29.12.2016, Axel 04–06.01.2017), photo 17.02.2017; B – embryonic dunes formed from sand trapped by Honckenya peploides; C – phytogenic aeolian microforms with H. peploides that are degraded during autumn storms; D – a sandy clay terminal moraine cliff; E – rapid transformation of the cliff foot due to rockfall; F – sandy talus cones at the cliff foot; G – alluvial deposits overlapping talus cones at the cliff foot; H – mass movement and water-erosion processes on the slopes of a clay cliff; I – a phytogenic aeolian pattern with L. arenarius formed from wind-blown sediments. Photo by J. Borysiak.
Natural conditions in the study area from 53°54′47.7″N, 14°18′56.3″E to 54°00′22.0″N 14°40′50.1″E on Wolin Island: A – transformations of the cliff topography as a result of strong storms with a violent wind (Barbara 28–29.12.2016, Axel 04–06.01.2017), photo 17.02.2017; B – embryonic dunes formed from sand trapped by Honckenya peploides; C – phytogenic aeolian microforms with H. peploides that are degraded during autumn storms; D – a sandy clay terminal moraine cliff; E – rapid transformation of the cliff foot due to rockfall; F – sandy talus cones at the cliff foot; G – alluvial deposits overlapping talus cones at the cliff foot; H – mass movement and water-erosion processes on the slopes of a clay cliff; I – a phytogenic aeolian pattern with L. arenarius formed from wind-blown sediments. Photo by J. Borysiak.

Fig. 3.

Length of the parent branch of measured S. acutifolia in 2017; Wolin Island, the coastline from 53°54′47.69″N, 14°18′56.33″E to 54°00′22.04″N, 14°40′50.13″E: A – ranked by the number of individuals, B – ranked by the share of individuals.
Length of the parent branch of measured S. acutifolia in 2017; Wolin Island, the coastline from 53°54′47.69″N, 14°18′56.33″E to 54°00′22.04″N, 14°40′50.13″E: A – ranked by the number of individuals, B – ranked by the share of individuals.

Fig. 4.

Adaptive strategy and habitats of S. acutifolia: A – size and habitat of the most common individuals, B – clippings as a source of vegetative propagules colonising the beach, C – shrub hidden in accumulations of drift material brought by storms, D – willow at the foot of the cliff, on the colluvium covered by windblown deposits, E – adventitious roots on stems buried by sand, F – rhizosphere of planted Salix stabilising the soil, G – growth keeping abreast of the sand sedimentation, H – orthotropic shoots growing out of branches contacting with sand, I – accumulation of sand in the shade of a willow and F. villosa, J – leafy shoot from the long-sleeping bud, K – willow locations (1D) covered with colluvial deposits from mass movements on the cliff in 2018, L – degradation of anti-erosion plantings in Międzyzdroje resort. Photo by J. Borysiak.
Adaptive strategy and habitats of S. acutifolia: A – size and habitat of the most common individuals, B – clippings as a source of vegetative propagules colonising the beach, C – shrub hidden in accumulations of drift material brought by storms, D – willow at the foot of the cliff, on the colluvium covered by windblown deposits, E – adventitious roots on stems buried by sand, F – rhizosphere of planted Salix stabilising the soil, G – growth keeping abreast of the sand sedimentation, H – orthotropic shoots growing out of branches contacting with sand, I – accumulation of sand in the shade of a willow and F. villosa, J – leafy shoot from the long-sleeping bud, K – willow locations (1D) covered with colluvial deposits from mass movements on the cliff in 2018, L – degradation of anti-erosion plantings in Międzyzdroje resort. Photo by J. Borysiak.
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Inglese
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