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Morphodynamics of Recherchefjorden Accumulative Coasts Since the End of the Little Ice Age

Kamila Frydrych

Kamila Frydrych

Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska UniversityLublin, Poland
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Frydrych, Kamila
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Piotr Zagórski

Piotr Zagórski

Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska UniversityLublin, Poland
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30 mar 2024
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Pubblicato online: 30 mar 2024
Pagine: 21 - 43
Ricevuto: 08 mag 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0002
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© 2024 Kamila Frydrych et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Localisation of study area: Asb. – Asbestodden, Rein. – Reinholmen, Ruby. – Rubypynten. The orange rectangles denote the location of study areas 1–9. Background: Satellite image, 25 August 2020, Planet Labs, Inc.
Localisation of study area: Asb. – Asbestodden, Rein. – Reinholmen, Ruby. – Rubypynten. The orange rectangles denote the location of study areas 1–9. Background: Satellite image, 25 August 2020, Planet Labs, Inc.

Fig. 2.

Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 1: E – 2011 (2005, 2006, 2007 – Source: Zagórski 2011); L – DEM; a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 2). The purple area denotes the moraine surface. For the background source data, see Table 1.
Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 1: E – 2011 (2005, 2006, 2007 – Source: Zagórski 2011); L – DEM; a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 2). The purple area denotes the moraine surface. For the background source data, see Table 1.

Fig. 3.

View on selected section of coast: A,B – Area 1 (Photo: Świtoniak 2008, Zagórski 2022); C,D – Area 2 (Photo: Mędrek 2014, Zagórski 2022); E,F – Area 3 (Photo: Zagórski 2014, 2021); G,H – Area 4 (Photo: Zagórski 2016, 2021); I – Area 5 (Photo: Pawłowski 2016); J – Area 4 and 5 (Photo: Zagórski 2022).
View on selected section of coast: A,B – Area 1 (Photo: Świtoniak 2008, Zagórski 2022); C,D – Area 2 (Photo: Mędrek 2014, Zagórski 2022); E,F – Area 3 (Photo: Zagórski 2014, 2021); G,H – Area 4 (Photo: Zagórski 2016, 2021); I – Area 5 (Photo: Pawłowski 2016); J – Area 4 and 5 (Photo: Zagórski 2022).

Fig. 4.

Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 2. For the background source data, see Table 1.
Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 2. For the background source data, see Table 1.

Fig. 5.

Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 3: a–b and c–d, respectively, represent the long axes of the spits S1 and S2 (see Table 3). For the background source data, see Table 1.
Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 3: a–b and c–d, respectively, represent the long axes of the spits S1 and S2 (see Table 3). For the background source data, see Table 1.

Fig. 6.

Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 4: a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 4). For the background source data, see Table 1.
Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 4: a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 4). For the background source data, see Table 1.

Fig. 7.

Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 5: a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 5). For the background source data, see Table 1.
Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 5: a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 5). For the background source data, see Table 1.

Fig. 8.

Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 6: a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 6). The purple area denotes moraine surface. For the background source data, see Table 1.
Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 6: a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 6). The purple area denotes moraine surface. For the background source data, see Table 1.

Fig. 9.

View on selected section of coast: A–C – Area 6 (Photo: Hamberg 1898. Source: Alvin; Uppsala University Library; Photo: Demczuk 2009, Zagórski 2022); D–F – Area 7 (Photo: Pękala 1987, Zagórski 2014, 2021); G,H – Area 8 (Photo: Zagórski 2016, 2021); I,J – Area 9 (Photo: Hamberg 1898. Source: Alvin; Uppsala University Library; Zagórski 2021).
View on selected section of coast: A–C – Area 6 (Photo: Hamberg 1898. Source: Alvin; Uppsala University Library; Photo: Demczuk 2009, Zagórski 2022); D–F – Area 7 (Photo: Pękala 1987, Zagórski 2014, 2021); G,H – Area 8 (Photo: Zagórski 2016, 2021); I,J – Area 9 (Photo: Hamberg 1898. Source: Alvin; Uppsala University Library; Zagórski 2021).

Fig. 10.

Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 7: a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 7). For the background source data, see Table 1.
Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 7: a–b represents the long axis of the spit (see Table 7). For the background source data, see Table 1.

Fig. 11.

Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 8: a–b represents the long axis of the beach (see Table 8). For the background source data, see Table 1.
Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 8: a–b represents the long axis of the beach (see Table 8). For the background source data, see Table 1.

Fig. 12.

Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 9. The purple area denotes moraine surface. For the background source data, see Table 1.
Shoreline change in a selected section of coast – Area 9. The purple area denotes moraine surface. For the background source data, see Table 1.

Fig. 13.

Classification of the Recherche Fjord coastline (according to: Jarosz et al. 2022, modified) and the main factors determining the formation of accumulative forms. Background: Orthophotomap, NPI S2011.
Classification of the Recherche Fjord coastline (according to: Jarosz et al. 2022, modified) and the main factors determining the formation of accumulative forms. Background: Orthophotomap, NPI S2011.

Changes of length of axis of spit end and annual length change in Area 7 in selected years_

Length of spit axis (a–b) Relatively to 1936 Relatively to 1936 Previous observation Previous observation Annual length change
[m] [m] [%] [m] [%] [m·a−1]
2011 33.1 – – – –
2018 157.4 375.5 124.3 375.5 17.8
2020 191.2 477.6 33.8 21.5 16.9
2022 207.8 527.8 16.6 8.7 8.3

Changes of length of axis of spit end and annual length change in Area 1 in selected years_

Length of spit axis (a–b) Relatively to 1936 Relatively to 1936 Previous observation Previous observation Annual length change
[m] [m] [%] [m] [%] [m·a−1]
1936 80.0 – – – –
1948 109.5 36.9 29.5 36.9 2.5
1960* 138.8 73.5 29.3 26.8 2.4
1990* 187.2 134.0 48.4 34.9 1.6
2005* 214.5 168.1 27.3 14.6 1.8
2006* 218.1 172.6 3.6 1.7 3.6
2007* 224.3 180.4 6.2 2.8 6.2
2011 231.1 188.9 6.8 3.0 1.7
2013 236.3 195.4 5.2 2.3 2.6
2016 243.2 204.0 6.9 2.9 2.3
2017 245.3 206.6 2.1 0.9 2.1
2020 253.1 216.4 7.8 3.2 2.6
2021 254.0 217.5 0.9 0.4 0.9
2022 261.2 226.5 7.2 2.8 7.2

Changes of length of axis of spit end and annual length change in Area 8 in selected years_

Length of spit axis (a–b) Relatively to 1936 Relatively to 1936 Previous observation Previous observation Annual length change
[m] [m] [%] [m] [%] [m·a−1]
1936 86.9 – – – –
1960 159.6 83.7 72.7 83.7 3.0
1990 208.5 139.9 48.9 30.6 1.6
2009 220.6 153.9 12.1 5.8 0.6
2011 240.2 176.4 19.6 8.9 9.8

Archival data sources used in the study_

Year Source Type Resolution
1936 S36. Norwegian Polar Institute Oblique aerial images 3/5 m
1948 S48. Norwegian Polar Institute Vertical aerial image, orthophotomap 3/5 m
1960 S60. Norwegian Polar Institute Vertical aerial image, orthophotomap 3/5 m
1990 S90. Norwegian Polar Institute Vertical aerial image, orthophotomap 2.0 m
2009 Google Earth – 20090812114526484GE10332358_004 Satellite image 1.5 m
2011 S2011. Norwegian Polar Institute Vertical aerial image, orthophotomap 2.0 m
2013 DigitalGlobe – 13AUG17130953-S2AS-010486906030_01_P001 Satellite image 0.5 m
2016 UAV drone photos Drone photo 0.02 m
2017 DigitalGlobe – 17JUL31184148-S2AS-010486906040_01_P001 Satellite image 0.5 m
2018 DigitalGlobe – satellites.pro/Norway_map#77.531913,14.571261,15 Satellite image 1.0 m
2020 DigitalGlobe – 20JUL31113940-M2AS-013735816010_01_P001/P002; 20JUL31113940-P2AS-013735816010_01_P001/P002 Satellite image 0.5 m
2021 UAV drone photos Drone photo 0.02 m
2022 UAV drone photos Drone photo 0.02 m

Changes of length of axis of spit end and annual length change in Area 3 in selected years_

Length of spit axis (a–b) Relatively to 1936 Relatively to 1936 Previous observation Previous observation Annual length change
[m] [m] [%] [m] [%] [m·a−1]
Spit 1
1960 30.8 – – – –
1990 45.1 46.4 14.3 46.4 0.5
2011 148.7 382.8 103.6 229.7 4.9
2013 158.2 415.3 9.5 6.4 4.8
2018 185.5 502.3 27.3 17.3 5.5
Spit 2
2011 29.9 – – – –
2013 44.9 50.2 15.0 50.2 7.5
2018 76.7 156.5 31.8 70.8 6.4
2020 92.7 210.0 16.0 20.9 8.0
2022 97.8 227.1 5.1 5.5 2.6

Changes of length of axis of spit end and annual length change in Area 6 in selected years_

Length of spit axis (a–b) Relatively to 1936 Relatively to 1936 Previous observation Previous observation Annual length change
[m] [m] [%] [m] [%] [m·a−1]
1960 25.6 – – – –
1990 66.1 158.2 40.5 158.2 1.4
2011 75.8 196.1 9.7 14.7 0.5
2018 87.6 242.2 11.8 15.6 1.7
2020 99.8 289.8 12.2 13.9 6.1
2022 107.4 319.5 7.6 7.3 3.8

Changes of length of axis of spit end and annual length change in Area 5 in selected years_

Length of spit axis (a–b) Relatively to 1936 Relatively to 1936 Previous observation Previous observation Annual length change
[m] [m] [%] [m] [%] [m·a−1]
1990 13.6 – – – –
2009 15.9 16.9 2.3 16.9 0.1
2011 18.1 33.1 2.2 13.8 1.1
2016 23.4 72.1 5.3 29.3 1.1
2018 25.0 83.8 1.6 6.8 0.8
2020 39.3 189.0 14.3 57.2 7.2

Changes of length of axis of spit end and annual length change in Area 4 in selected years_

Length of spit axis (a–b) Relatively to 1936 Relatively to 1936 Previous observation Previous observation Annual length change
[m] [m] [%] [m] [%] [m·a−1]
1936 46.4 – – – –
1960 50.7 9.3 4.3 9.3 0.2
1990 116.0 150.0 65.3 128.8 2.2
2009 109.8 136.6 −6.2 −5.3 −0.3
2011 116.9 151.9 7.1 6.5 3.6
2013 117.2 152.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
2016 124.1 167.5 6.9 5.9 2.3
2018 131.6 183.6 7.5 5.7 3.8
2020 138.1 197.6 6.5 4.9 3.3
2021 143.3 208.8 5.2 3.8 5.2
2022 143.4 209.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
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