Spatial Analysis of Ecological Risk in a Coastal Dune Landscape Using High Resolution Aerial Photography

Noviyanti Listyaningrum; Djati Mardiatno; Evita Hanie Pangaribowo; Muhammad Anggri Setiawan; Junun Sartohadi; Bambang Sulistyo

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Spatial Analysis of Ecological Risk in a Coastal Dune Landscape Using High Resolution Aerial Photography

Noviyanti Listyaningrum

Djati Mardiatno

Evita Hanie Pangaribowo

Muhammad Anggri Setiawan

Junun Sartohadi

Bambang Sulistyo

| 30 mar 2024

Quaestiones Geographicae

Volume 43 (2024): Numero 1 (March 2024)

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Pubblicato online: 30 mar 2024

Pagine: 5 - 19

Ricevuto: 25 nov 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0001

© 2024 Noviyanti Listyaningrum et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Location of Parangtritis coastal dune (source: National Geospatial Agency 2020, processed).

Illustration of the Parangtritis coastal dune formation.

Division of the Parangtritis coastal dune (risk calculation area) into grids of equal size and the centroid or sampling centre.

Spatial distribution of land use and land cover types in 2011 (A) and 2020 (B).

Spatial distribution of human interventions in 2011 (A) and 2020 (B).

Spatial distribution of the landscape ecological risk (LER) levels for every landscape ecological unit (LEU) generated with four scenarios: 2011 sub-class (A), 2020 sub-class (B), 2011 class (C) and 2020 class (D).

Area of the five landscape ecological risk (LER) levels for each scenario.

Local indicator of spatial association (LISA) cluster map showing the local spatial autocorrelation of landscape ecological risk (LER) in the Parangtritis coastal dune.

Formulas to calculate the landscape disturbance.

Index	Equation	Assessment Unit
Landscape disturbance (Xie et al. 2013; X. Zhang et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2020)	S_i = aCi + bN_i + cDi a + b + c = 1 a = 0,5; b = 0,3; c = 0,2	landscape class or sub-class
Landscape fragmentation (X. Zhang et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2020)	$C_{i} = \frac{n_{i}}{A_{i}}$ \[{{C}_{i}}=\frac{{{n}_{i}}}{{{A}_{i}}}\]	landscape class or sub-class
Landscape isolation, segmentation, or splitting (Xie et al. 2013; X. Zhang et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2020)	$C_{i} = \frac{A}{2 A_{i}} \sqrt{\frac{n_{i}}{A}}$ \[{{C}_{i}}=\frac{A}{2{{A}_{i}}}\sqrt{\frac{{{n}_{i}}}{A}}\]	landscape class or sub-class
Landscape dominance (Jin et al. 2019)	$D_{i} = \frac{(Q_{i} + M_{i} + L_{i})}{3}$ \[{{D}_{i}}=\frac{\left( {{Q}_{i}}+{{M}_{i}}+{{L}_{i}} \right)}{3}\]	landscape class or sub-class

Landscape ecological risk index calculation.

Index	Equation	Assessment Unit
Ecological risk	$E R I_{i} = \sum_{i = 1}^{N} \frac{A_{k i}}{A_{k}} \times R_{i}$ \[ER{{I}_{i}}=\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{N}{\frac{{{A}_{ki}}}{{{A}_{k}}}\times {{R}_{i}}}\]	grid (if one grid contains > 1 classes or sub-classes, their indices are summed, adjusting the area proportion)
Landscape loss degree	R_i = F_i × S_i	landscape class or sub-class

Calculation of global and local spatial autocorrelation.

Global spatial autocorrelation

Local spatial autocorrelation

I = \frac{\sum_{i}^{n} \sum_{j \neq 1}^{n} W_{i j} {(x_{i} - x)}^{2}}{S^{2} \sum_{1}^{n} \sum_{j \neq 1}^{n} W_{i j}}

\[I=\frac{\sum\nolimits_{i}^{n}{\sum\nolimits_{j\ne 1}^{n}{{{W}_{ij}}{{\left( {{x}_{i}}-x \right)}^{2}}}}}{{{S}^{2}}\sum\nolimits_{1}^{n}{\sum\nolimits_{j\ne 1}^{n}{{{W}_{ij}}}}}\]

$S^{2} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{1}^{n} {(x_{i} - \bar{x})}^{2}$ \[{{S}^{2}}=\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{1}^{n}{{{\left( {{x}_{i}}-\bar{x} \right)}^{2}}}\]

$\bar{x} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i (j)}^{n} x_{i j}$ \[\bar{x}=\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{i\left( j \right)}^{n}{{{x}_{ij}}}\]

$Z_{s c o r e} = \frac{I - E (I)}{\sqrt{V a r (I)}}$ \[{{Z}_{score}}=\frac{I-E\left( I \right)}{\sqrt{Var\left( I \right)}}\]

I_{i} = z_{i} \sum_{j = 1}^{n} w_{i j} z_{j} (i \neq j)

\[{{I}_{i}}={{z}_{i}}\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}{{{w}_{ij}}{{z}_{j}}\left( i\ne j \right)}\]

Global spatial autocorrelation of landscape ecological risk (LER) in the Parangtritis coastal dune.

Scenario	Moran’s I	Z_score
Sub-class 2011	0.4112	18.0872
Sub-class 2020	0.6342	27.0196
Class 2011	0.5775	24.6668
Class 2020	0.6177	26.3570

Landscape fragility index (Fi) of various landscape classes based on their genesis (natural processes or human interventions).

Landscape class	Natural	Agrogenic	Tree agrogenic	Industrogenic	Info-telecommunication	Tourismsports	Traffic	Urbanogenic	Water management
Index	1.000	0.686	0.145	0.472	0.068	0.319	0.098	0.048	0.215

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Lingua:: Inglese

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Spatial Analysis of Ecological Risk in a Coastal Dune Landscape Using High Resolution Aerial Photography

Pubblicato online: 30 mar 2024

Pagine: 5 - 19

Ricevuto: 25 nov 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0001

© 2024 Noviyanti Listyaningrum et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Formulas to calculate the landscape disturbance.

Landscape ecological risk index calculation.

Calculation of global and local spatial autocorrelation.

Global spatial autocorrelation of landscape ecological risk (LER) in the Parangtritis coastal dune.

Landscape fragility index (Fi) of various landscape classes based on their genesis (natural processes or human interventions).