Announcements: Professor RNDr. Ján Dusza, DrSc – 70 years jubeeleum

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Micro-scratch test was used to evaluate the fracture toughness of the main hydration products of ordinary Portland cement paste at the micro-scale. The evaluation was done with the aid of scanning electron microscopy and acoustic emission (AE) signals. Portlandite was found to be the only phase where AE detected elastic waves due to cracking during microindentation and micro-scratch test. Such behavior simplifies phase separation during the evaluation process of the micro-scratch test. The micro-scale fracture toughness results obtained from the tests were found in close agreement with other available experiments and models in the literature.
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Fracture Toughness of Cement Paste Assessed with Micro-Scratch and Acoustic Emission

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This paper deals with the characterization of residual stresses of the railway axle made of EA4T steel using the instrumented indentation technique (IIT). Additionally, tensile properties were also evaluated by using IIT. Moreover, the hole drilling method was carried out to measure the residual stress. Multiple comparison tests between conventional methods and IIT were carried out. The obtained results were also discussed against the literature data. Results of the residual stress assessed by IIT and the hole drilling follow the same trend and are in acceptable agreement. The tensile data obtained by IIT were as follows: YS ≥ 420 MPa and UTS ∈ ❬650-800❭MPa which is in satisfactory agreement with the results of standardized tensile tests.
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Evaluation of Residual Stress and Tensile Properties of Railway Axle Using Instrumented Indentation Method

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High entropy alloys are one of the most developing classes of materials of the 21st century. Their properties can significantly vary depending on their chemical composition and processing method. Thus, the microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy prepared by conventional casting, melt-spinning and mechanical alloying were investigated in this study. The observed structure and grain size were typical for this type of alloy and production methods. It was found that the hardness of the sample prepared by mechanical alloying with subsequent spark plasma sintering is higher compared to cast and melt-spun samples due to the finer microstructure and higher deformation energy stored.
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Department of Materials, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering

Department of Solid State Engineering, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering

Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology

University of Chemistry and Technology Prague

Effect of the Processing Routes on the Properties of CoCrFeMnNi Alloy

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High entropy ceramic coatings, including multicomponent transition metal nitrides called also high entropy nitrides (HEN), are usually deposited using reactive arc and/or DC magnetron (co)sputtering. High Target Utilization Sputtering (HiTUS) was not applied in HEN systems up to now. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of HEN coatings prepared by HiTUS are also not known. The transition metals from the 4th and 5th group of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, and Ta) are strong nitride formers which would be the most suitable for HEN coating systems and therefore, investigation of their properties would be of significant interest. However, the nanoindentation measurements on thin coatings always produce „composite“ values involving the contribution from the substrate. The separation of the coating properties from composite values requires upgraded analytical approaches different from standard Oliver &amp; Pharr analysis. Thus, the aim work is to investigate the structure, hardness, and elastic modulus of TiZrHfNbVTa–xN coatings with different nitrogen stoichiometry deposited by reactive HiTUS using both CSM for bulk and CSM for thin films methods and to compare the results obtained on 4 different substrates (Si wafer, sapphire, 100Cr6 steel, and Ti6Al4V alloy). The subsequent results showed systematic differences in the calculated mechanical properties depending on the substrate properties both in CSM and CSMTF modes. Stiffer substrates always resulted in the overestimations of the calculated hardness and indentation modulus compared to softer substrates with lower Young’s modulus and the differences were in the range of around 10 %. Obviously, better theoretical models for the calculations of true coating properties are required.
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Micromechanical Properties of Reactive HiTUS TiNbVTaZrHf–N Coatings on Different Substrates

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Welding of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 and Ti6Al4V is complicated by hard and brittle intermetallic compound formation. In this contribution, we study a laser welding method that partially overcomes this problem using interlayer. Bronze foil (CuSn6) of thickness 100 µm and 200 µm was inserted between steel and titanium sheets and lap welds were realized on pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Representative samples were investigated by nanohardness measurement, SEM/EDS, and XRD analysis to detect the localization of the intermetallic phases. The macrostructure of the weld cross sections was displayed by optical and digital microscopy. The nano-hardness test revealed the presence of very hard intermetallic mainly around the interface between the fusion zone and bottom metal sheet. EDS mapping displayed the main elements Fe, Cr, Cu and Ti distribution in the fusion zone, EDS line scanning detected elements‘ signals in the diagonal and horizontal directions. XRD analysis revealed expected intermetallic compounds FeTi and CuTi2 and solid solution Cu0.8Fe0.2.
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Palacký University in Olomouc, Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics AS CR, Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the

Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics AS CR

Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics AS CR, Faculty of Science

Palacký University in Olomouc, Department of Low-Temperature Plasma, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science

Investigation of Hybrid Lap Welds of TI6AL4V and Stainless Steel with Bronze Interlayer

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The main shape deviations of a Berkovich indenter are the indenter bluntness and indenter tilt. The influence of the Berkovich indenter tilt on the results of the FEM modelling of steel nanoindentation is evaluated in this paper. The indenter tilt has an impact on the indentation curves and contact area. The X5CrNiCuNb 16-4 steel nanoindentation was modelled by FEM and the indentation curves were obtained. The Berkovich indenter was blunted and the tilt of the indenter was changed to determine its influence on the indentation curves. The results showed that growing tilt shifts the indentation curves to higher values of indentation forces and makes unloading curves steeper which is in agreement with a larger contact area. The calculated indentation curves were compared with the experimental indentation curves and the impact of the indenter tilt to the indentation curves was determined.
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Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacky University Olomouc and Institute of Physics of the AS

The Influence of Tilt on Berkovich Indentation of a Steel Sample Using FEM Analysis and Nanoindentation

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Although optical properties are essential for materials for optical purposes, their mechanical properties must also be considered as they directly govern their practical applicability as well as their machining. The machining of optical glasses is mainly carried out by mechanical removal of the material using free or bonded abrasives. The relationship between the local mechanical properties of three types of borosilicate glasses used to produce optical elements (mirrors) and the type of surface machining was investigated. The samples were machined using two approaches, namely 7-axis CNC surface machining and conventional manual machining. Advanced analysis of nano/micro-mechanical properties was performed on glass samples using quasi-static nanoindentation and microindentation and dynamic impact test complemented by the analysis of the acoustic emission signals generated during the mechanical tests.
The results show a difference in mechanical properties between industrial and optical borosilicate glasses. The type of machining has a strong influence on studied mechanical properties and surface quality. Glasses manufactured by CNC have more pronounced acoustic emission signal and crack more than glasses manufactured by hand. The different behavior of hand- and CNC-machined surfaces can be linked to different subsurface damage caused by different contact conditions between the workpiece and the instrument/abrasive. As a result, a different density of surface and especially (near)-subsurface flaws are present in the glass. Simax is slightly softer than BG33 glass, which together with the less pronounced AE may indicate a lower amount of subsurface cracks/damage.
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Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacky University and Institute of Physics AS CR

Effect of Machining on Mechanical Properties of Borosilicate Glasses

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 22 (2022): Issue 1 (December 2022)

Volume 21 (2021): Issue 2 (December 2021)

Volume 21 (2021): Issue 1 (June 2021)

Volume 20 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)

Volume 20 (2020): Issue 1 (June 2020)

Volume 19 (2019): Issue 2 (December 2019)

Volume 19 (2019): Issue 1 (September 2019)

Volume 18 (2018): Issue 2 (November 2018)

Volume 18 (2018): Issue 1 (June 2018)

Volume 17 (2017): Issue 2 (December 2017)

Volume 17 (2017): Issue 1 (December 2017)

Volume 16 (2016): Issue 2 (December 2016)

Volume 16 (2016): Issue 1 (October 2016)

Powder Metallurgy Progress

 POWDER METALLURGY PROGRESS – international journal of powder technology and powder-derived materials.  POWDER METALLURGY PROGRESS is an international peer-reviewed open-access materials science journal with a more than 20 years long publishing history. Since the establishment in 2001, PMP published a wide variety of quality works, focused mainly on powder metallurgy of metals, the evolution of the technology itself, preparation, properties, and applications of particular materials.  In 2021 after the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the journal, it underwent changes and transformations focused mainly on the publishing interests and scope. Now it is extended to broadly all fields of powder-derived materials and technologies.  Works from the fields of powder metallurgy, metals, alloys, ceramics, and composites, basic and applied research of materials science related to mechanical and functional properties, manufacturing, and characterization are always welcomed.  Actual Scope of the journal:    materials research such as materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering, traditional and advanced powder metallurgy, materials processing;  wide range of metal, ceramic and composite materials including metal matrix, ceramic matrix, polymer matrix composites, and hybrid organic-inorganic-metal-ceramic material systems, structural materials, functional materials, biomaterials, porous materials, magnetic electric and multifunctional materials such as magnetic composites, magnetoelectric, magnetocaloric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, magneto-optic, magnetostrictive, or high-temperature materials;  advanced as well as traditional production technology and processing, additive manufacturing, 3D printing, Press and Sinter, HIP, MIM, PIM, Spark Plasma Sintering, Hot Pressing, Microwave Sintering, Plasma Treatment, Slip Casting, Rapid Heating, Ultrafast Sintering, new progressive compaction and processing methods;  influence of material processing parameters on their microstructure formation and development and structural relations of physical, mechanical, and functional properties of materials focusing but not limited on powder materials;  special technological processes of PM material with individual-particular-special physical-chemical properties;  environmental issues of production and application of PM materials;  industrial processes, management, and quality, (creation of normative) standard method activity, economical analysis, conception (philosophy) and prediction in PM and progressive material processing field;  production of technological equipment for powder and advanced materials technology.   The owner of the journal: Institute of Materials Research Slovak Academy of Science.  Why subscribe and read  PMP journal is an open-access journal that publishes original theoretical and experimental articles as well as review articles related to all aspects of PM. The journal is peer-reviewed, follows ethical publishing practices, and is searchable, discoverable, and citable.  Why submit  The journal has a distinguished Editorial Board with extensive academic qualifications, ensuring that the journal maintains high scientific standards and has broad international coverage. All manuscripts that are submitted to the PMP journal will NOT BE subject to any Article Processing Charges.  Rejection Rate   16.21 %   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 