<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Rawa Aopa National Park has experienced a severe wildfire. These fires are affected by several factors, including topography, meteorology, vegetation, and source of fire. This study uses a Machine Learning approach based on re-sampling methods (e.g. crossvalidation, bootstrap, and random subsampling) to evaluate, and improve the performance of twelve basic Machine Learning algorithms: Generalized Linear Model, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Boosted Regression Trees, Classification And Regression Tree, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, Mixture Discriminate Analysis, Flexible Discriminant Analysis, Maximum Entropy, Maximum Likelihood, Radial Basis Function, and Multi-Layer Perceptron, analyze the causes of wildfires, and the correlation between variables. The model is evaluated by Area Under Curve, Correlation, True Skill Statistics, and Deviance. The evaluation results show that Bt-RF has a good performance in predicting wildfire susceptibility in TNRAW with AUC=0.98, COR=0.96, TSS=0.97, and Deviance=0.15. An area of 644.88 km2 or the equivalent of 59.82% of the area is a wildfire susceptibility area with the concentration of fires occurring in the savanna ecosystem which is around 245.12 km2 or the equivalent of 88.95% of the jungle zone. Among the 17 parameters that cause fires, this area is strongly influenced by Maximum Temperature, Land Use Land Cover, and Distance from Road. There is a strong correlation between soil and distance from settlements = 0.96.
</abstract>

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia

Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang

Spatial model of wildfire susceptibility using Machine Learning approaches on Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Indonesia

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Multilevel governance concept has been increasingly coined by the EU environmental and climate adaptation policies, but its implementation in some countries faces the heavy dominance of state-level perspective in public discourse. This article explores interactions between regional policies (based especially on the Adaptation Strategy, the Nature Recovery Plan, and their action plans), institutional management (how public institutions approached environmental and climate adaptation needs through the design of their institutional areas), and individual needs (how individuals were considered and involved). Methodology includes the content analysis of documents framing regional policies and a questionnaire collected during September 2021 (in which 150 public institutions were addressed and 87 of them responded). Data show that even though the Košice region strived for holistic approach, cooperation, and participation, the proclaimed values and the real-life situation differed. The developed regional strategy was rather unbalanced, projects implemented by individual institutions seemed to be driven by financial aids rather than real needs, and individuals’ needs as well as their participation on implementing environmental policies were often neglected.
</abstract>

Implementing multilevel environmental governance in Košice region (Slovakia): interactions between regional policies, institutional management, and individuals’ needs

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Research on the concept of sense of place (SOP) has become increasingly important in recent years. However, literature is dominated by studies dealing with the concept outside the field of education. Yet its potential for geography and environmental education (GEE) is considerable. The aim of this literature review is to determine how SOP is conceptualised in research, what the focus of the research objectives are, which research methods are used to validate the concept in primary and secondary GEE, and to summarize the main research findings concerning both primary and secondary school students. Fifty relevant studies from two literature databases - Web of Science, and Scopus - were searched and analysed. The results show that students’ SOP is conceptualized predominantly through the sub-concept of place attachment, is examined predominantly through qualitative research methods, and that research has focused on the process of developing and fostering SOP, as well as identifying its potential in specific individuals. Place-based education and environmental education programs are effective in the process of students’ SOP formation. The conceptualization of students’ SOP and its empirical research can contribute to its effective implementation in GEE. This promotes the development of students’ relationship with the environment, which is one of the key aspects in the process of building their geographical and environmental literacy.
</abstract>

Department of Social Geography and Regional Development

Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education

J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Faculty of Science

Department of Phyisical Geography and Geoecology

Sense of place in geography and environmental education: a literature review of empirical research

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Lynch’s (1960) Theory of Imageability explores how individuals perceive and navigate urban environments, emphasizing the role of paths, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. This theory highlights the significance of these elements in shaping people’s mental maps and enhancing their understanding and navigation of urban spaces. However, cultural tourism introduces complexities to Lynch’s framework due to its unique motivations, interests, and behaviours. This article investigates the relationship between visitor mobility patterns and urban morphology in the context of two cultural destinations: Bilbao and San Sebastian. The study utilizes Network Analysis of visitors’ GPS data to analyse the dynamics of visitor mobility within these urban environments. This data-driven approach facilitates a comprehensive understanding of how cultural destinations operate within their physical territories. Results reveal that both San Sebastian and Bilbao exhibit a distinct “D-shaped” mobility pattern, characterized by a clear and uncomplicated flow of movement. This finding aligns with Lynch’s theory (1960), emphasizing the importance of simplicity and legibility in shaping visitors’ cognitive maps and mental representations of the urban space. The concentration of cultural landmarks in the Old Town and the challenges of congestion and overtourism are brought to light through the network analysis of GPS data. The accompanying figures visually illustrate how the ease of navigation in these cities significantly contributes to the formation of visitors’ cognitive maps.
</abstract>

Visitor Mobility Patterns in Cultural Destinations: Exploring the Cognitive Maps of San Sebastian and Bilbao, Inspired by Lynch (1960)

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The need to act on urban expansion has been a common concern throughout the history of urbanism. Different authors have shown how in industrialized countries the old distinctions between urban and rural become blurred. The location and conformation of new leisure, commercial and tertiary objects have become triggers for new looks at the urbanization edges of industrial cities. Although they have been less explored in non-industrial cities or cities with a lower degree of industrialization, different studies show that these characteristics seem to be combined there with other factors such as social housing, progressive expansion of the urban fabric and degraded areas. Nevertheless, could there be a theory that enlightens the conditions and transformations of the metropolitan edge and guides their research? The aim of this work is to compare four key approaches: spaces in socio-spatial transformation, multi-actor project, multiple, dynamic and heterogeneous uses, and non-universal spatial delimitation, focusing on three categories: concept, attribute, and methodology. This research is grounded in the selection of relevant publications based on their substantive scope, significant impact factor index, and/or number of citations, as well as the international recognition of researchers. These findings underscore the importance of theorizing the metropolitan edge as a process that transforms inherited spaces according to their socio-economic, historical, and environmental contexts. The results reflect the need for denominations and classifications that help us to differentiate analytically and cartographically the multiple landscapes of the metropolitan edge and question us about the specificity of this territory that extends between urban nuclei and rural space, the processes that have overlapped over time, and their logics.
</abstract>

Between urban and rural: towards an understanding of metropolitan edge

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Drawing on a highly detailed database of anonymized tax returns (N = 400,000) from Czechia (2008–2020), we aim to describe and explain regional patterns in individual giving. The key research question is to what extent regional differences are shaped by individual factors and to what extent by factors at the regional level, including regional economic performance and structure (industrial, ownership), position in the urban hierarchy, human and social capital, rurality, and political preferences. Czechia is a relatively small, developed, and ethnically homogeneous country, with a centralised tax system. Potential regional differences in individual giving are likely to be driven by particularities of economic structure and/or social capital. Hierarchical linear regression models with fixed effects were employed to distinguish the effects of these two groups of factors.
</abstract>

Department of Human Geography and Regional Development

Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava

Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University

The geography of individual charitable giving: do personal or regional characteristics matter?

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This study examines the changing age structure in Slovakia and ageing process, analyzing district-level data from 2001, 2010, and 2020. The research highlights significant ageing trends across most Slovak districts. These demographic changes have profound implications, including potential labor shortages, increased demand for healthcare and social services, social isolation, pension system strain, and shifting housing needs towards older adults. Understanding these trends and regional variations is vital for effective planning and provision of education, social services, and healthcare for diverse age groups in Slovakia. Our research underscores the complexity of implementing effective measures to mitigate the consequences of demographic ageing, given the regional disparities in ageing intensity. This study offers valuable insights for optimal planning. The challenges identified, such as financing social and healthcare systems and supporting vulnerable groups, are not unique to Slovakia but are shared by many countries undergoing similar demographic transitions. By examining Slovakia’s approach, we contribute to the broader discourse on demographic ageing and highlight the need for future research to focus on comparative studies between regions and countries. This will help identify best practices and innovative solutions that can be adapted to various socio-economic contexts, fostering international collaboration and informed policy-making to address the global impact of ageing populations.
</abstract>

A spatiotemporal analysis of ageing trends in Slovakia and their societal implications

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 18 (2024): Issue 1 (June 2024)

Volume 17 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023)

Volume 17 (2023): Issue 1 (June 2023)

Volume 16 (2022): Issue 2 (December 2022)

Volume 16 (2022): Issue 1 (June 2022)

Volume 15 (2021): Issue 2 (December 2021)

Volume 15 (2021): Issue 1 (June 2021)

Volume 14 (2020): Issue 2 (December 2020)

Volume 14 (2020): Issue 1 (June 2020)

Volume 13 (2019): Issue 2 (December 2019)

Volume 13 (2019): Issue 1 (June 2019)

Volume 12 (2018): Issue 2 (December 2018)

Volume 12 (2018): Issue 1 (June 2018)

Volume 11 (2017): Issue 2 (December 2017)

Volume 11 (2017): Issue 1 (June 2017)

Volume 10 (2016): Issue 2 (December 2016)

Volume 10 (2016): Issue 1 (June 2016)

Volume 9 (2015): Issue 2 (December 2015)

Volume 9 (2015): Issue 1 (June 2015)

Volume 8 (2014): Issue 2 (December 2014)

Volume 8 (2014): Issue 1 (June 2014)

GeoScape

The journal was established in 2006 strictly following the Open-Access policy. Its editorial board makes its best to protect the journal’s status as a non-profit publication platform free of any APC (Article Processing Charge). It is also for this reason that the journal is published only in electronic form. Volumes preceding 2014 can be found at lsru.geography.ujep.cz/research.html  The journal focuses on landscape and territorial research in its broadest meaning. It addresses the territorial organization of society and environment from the perspective of various hierarchic levels, functional and developmental dimensions, and their mutual relations. The aim of the journal is to establish a common platform for the publication of research on ecological and environmental issues, social dimension of sustainability, economic geography and regional development, cross-border cooperation and political strategies influencing the landscape, spatial planning, regional development, and policies at different scales. The interdisciplinarity is strongly encouraged.  In all its content the journal accentuates the practical implications of the research for public administration, planning, and regional development. Therefore, ideally, the papers discuss the relevance of the methodical procedures and of the results for the respective fields.  Submission and peer-review process  The journal welcomes papers that suite one of the following categories: original papers, research reports and discussion papers (see author guidelines for details). The journal also publishes Special Issues or papers grouped around particular themes (Thematic papers). The publication of Special and Thematic Issues is subject to approval of the editorial board based on evaluation procedure of the submitted proposals. Papers prepared according to the Instructions for Authors should be submitted directly to the Managing Editor (pavel.raska[at]ujep.cz).  All manuscripts are subject to initial evaluation by editorial board (Editor-in-chief, Managing Editor, and potential handling Editor). After the positive initial evaluation, the manuscript proceeds to double-blind peer-review.  Why subscribe and read　  The journal addresses researchers in geographical and environmental fields, professionals as well as decision makers in social sciences and regional development, planning, public administration, and policy. It provides up-to-date research results together with discussion of its implications for the respective fields.　  Why submit    International audience  Open-access policy  Rapid peer-review process  Practical implications of research results   Rejection Rate　    30−40 %   Copyright and Open-Access Policy  All papers are published as gold Open-Access (the non-commercial use of the article governed by the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 license) without incurring any APC to the authors. The Open-Access Policy is detailed in an Open-Access Licence in the For Authors section.   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 