<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Transport is one of the human activities that increases the amount of greenhouse gases in the air. CO2 is the main cause of global warming and contribute for around 80 % of all greenhouse gas emissions. The paper presents CO2 production based on the amount of sold fuel in Slovakia and Slovenia. Based on the obtained data, the calculations about the production of CO2 according to the type of fuel was made. The conducted research has focused on the issue of traffic congestion and to reduce CO2 emissions by 15 % in total by 2030, as Slovakia and Slovenia concluded an agreement with other EU members in 2009. External costs calculation was made with average price of 1 tonne emission credit in 2016 and with presumed average price in 2019. The case study takes into account the consumption of the gasoline and diesel in transport throughout all Slovakia and in Slovenia.</abstract>

Case Study of the Impact of the Co2 Emissions Trend from Transport on the External Costs in Slovakia and Slovenia

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>This paper due to determine an aerodynamic drag for different ways of tarpaulin fixation, specifically tarpaulin tension and disposition on platform-type body of a HDV. More positions of the tarpaulin were investigated. Determination of the resistances was done by coast down test of the vehicle according to Slovakian technical standard (STN). The aerodynamic drag was calculated from actual vehicle deceleration during the coast down test from the actual velocity changes. The vehicle actual velocity was measured by GPS logging device. Results are values of resistance, which affect the vehicle and their sum represents the actual engine power needed for vehicles driving.</abstract>

Fixation of Tarpaulin Sheet of Platform HDV and its Impact to Air Resistance

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>There are also the vehicles among the other vehicles in road traffic that have been modified without being authorised by their producer. These also include modifications such as structural modifications in the vehicle break system. Besides a brake system of road motor vehicles is one of the main factors influencing the active safety of vehicles. The design of the brake system, its technical condition and additional intervention in its construction may have a positive as well as negative impact on the braking distance length and the value of the mean braking deceleration achieved. The paper focuses on the influence of the brake disc diameter of the front axle on the achieved value of the mean braking deceleration and the braking distance length, while the braking system has been modified for several times without being approved by car manufacturer. The introductory part of the paper describes the braking distance sections and it also explains the term of mean braking deceleration. The following part of the paper deals with the measurement methodology, measuring equipment and the vehicle used during the measurements as well as procedures employed. The results obtained from the measurements are processed and presented in tables and also in graphs for greater clarity. The final part of the paper summarizes and evaluates the measured results. The importance of the paper lies in quantification of the influence of brake discs with different diameters on the vehicle active safety in the case of a particular vehicle.</abstract>

Influence of the Braking System that is Contrary to Legislation on Breaking Characteristics of Passenger Car

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The effectiveness of regional railway lines has been a much discussed theme recently mainly in case of lines which are not sufficient per the capacity requirements of carriers, or vice-versa, which are utilised only to a minimum extent. The article deals with the assessment of options how to utilise the railway line Hodonín - Holíč nad Moravou with respect to its inclusion into Revision of Transport Expenses document. Based on the analysis of present operation situation in that border crossing as well as on the analysis of passenger and freight railway transport operation various options of utilising the line have been investigated with respect to operation and economic options of individual alternatives.</abstract>

The Effectiveness of a Regional Railway Line - Case Study on the Track Hodonín - Holíč Nad Moravou

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The article deals with the problem of electric power production in terms of environmental impact, in particular the energy efficiency of its production to utilize primary sources. The efficiency of its production directly depends on the composition of primary sources and technologies used. Difference in efficiency by converting various forms of energy into electrical power and their ratio in the use directly affect the resulting efficiency, production of emissions and thus the environmental impact. Electric traction, its production, is burdened less efficient than other types of tractions used in transport, but at the final reconciliation of their consumption in vehicles, this difference decreases or delays because the vehicles themselves work with different conversion efficiency of its traction on mechanical work, vehicle driving.</abstract>

The Energy Efficiency of Electric Energy as a Traction Used in Transport

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Vegetable oil based fuels significantly enable reducing the costs of fuel purchased. CI engine vehicles with rotary and inline injection pump can be fuelled by vegetable oil based fuels instead of being fuelled by diesel. This is very common, since their price is lower in comparison with diesel. The article focuses on the impact of using fuels made from vegetable oil on selected vehicle characteristics in particular conditions. It includes the measurements of the impact of using fuels such as FAME, fresh oil and used oil on the engine smoke opacity, content of selected emissions in the exhaust gases as well as on the engine power and torque’s course. The measurement results are mutually compared with the results measured when using diesel. In order to secure the measurements to be repeatable, they were performed in laboratory at the cylinder test station MAHA MSR 1050. The vehicle tested during its last 100,000 kilometres driven by vegetable oil based fuel has been selected for these measurements. Therefore, by these measurements, it was also possible to assume partially the impact of long-term using aforesaid fuels on selected vehicle characteristics.</abstract>

Assessing the Impact of Using Fuels Made from Vegetable Oil on Selected Operational Vehicle Characteristics

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Rail transport is currently facing a number of problems. The European Union wants to shift as much freight as possible from road to rail and this is one of the key objectives of the Green Deal. This objective also requires rail carriers to improve their service quality in order to retain existing customers and attract new customers currently using road transport. However, there are a number of factors that are making the railways less competitive. One of these is the closure of the main lines. These lines are crucial to the successful organisation of transport. The article looks at the train costs incurred by carriers when main lines cannot be used for various reasons (line reconstruction, lack of capacity, etc.). The article compares the cost of a train running on a main line with two alternative lines. It examines and describes in detail the efficiency and economic impact of using the alternative routes in the event of an emergency on the main line, and also identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the secondary routes. The paper provides an insight into the usability of secondary routes when an alternative route is required.
</abstract>

Use of Secondary Rail Lines as Alternative Routes for Freight Rail Transportation

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Green railway transport (RT) is not always a completely green transport solution, as there are still many nonelectrified or partially electrified lines in operation with polluting engine traction. Although electric rail is the most environmentally friendly, electrification of lines is a time-consuming and costly project, especially on less busy lines where electrification would be inefficient and unprofitable. Even though electric railway is the most environmentally friendly solution, electrification of lines is a time-consuming and expensive project, especially on less frequented lines where electrification would be inefficient and unprofitable. Alternative propulsion (AP) in RT is not only a way to reduce the operational emissions of passenger trains, but also to save energy and fuel, save time due to vehicle changes, and reduce the overall carbon footprint from transporting goods and people.
The aim of this paper is to examine in detail the current state of development and availability within the AP railway industry, specifically for passenger transport needs, and to transparently present the results in a simple and clear way. In addition, the paper explores the possibility of applying the alternatively powered system to the conditions of the H0 model railway and research with this model.
</abstract>

Analysis of Current State of Alternative Propulsion in a Sector of Passenger Railway Transport

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The article analyses the use of modern technologies in rail freight transport with a specific focus on the process of transferring information from transport documents through automatic identification technology. The main transport document in this context is the consignment note, where automatic identification is required. The automatic identification technologies investigated are RFID/NFC and QR code, with the analysis suggesting that QR code is more accessible and convenient in the current railway environment. However, in practice, limitations have emerged regarding the capacity of the stored information and the readability of the QR code data. It concludes that the use of modern technologies in rail freight transport brings new opportunities and increases the efficiency of information transfer associated with transport documents. Despite the advantages of QR code technology, limitations have been identified, in particular in terms of capacity and readability. The results also show that users with access to modern technologies, such as internet-enabled mobile phones or computers with internet access, are able to handle this technology efficiently, suggesting potential process improvements in rail freight transport. Overall, the paper highlights the importance of integrated technology solutions within this sectoral area and suggests that technological advances are opening up new opportunities for more efficient management and monitoring of rail transport processes.
</abstract>

Digitisation of Rail Transport: The Application that Delivers Faster and More Efficient Services

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The analysis of technological procedures in transport and logistics with the aim of innovating the usual procedures is an ongoing process, not only in the present. The development of information technology in recent decades has created new opportunities for innovative procedures, but the innovations themselves do not take place as quickly as the development allows. There are many reasons for this, from the point of view of operational safety to the relevance of technological progress to rail transport. Based on the analysis of technological processes in rail freight transport at the Žilina - Teplička marshalling yard and the characteristics of Augmented Reality, the aim is to assess the possibilities of implementing Augmented Reality technology in the conditions of the processing procedures of sets of vehicles of the destination train in freight transport. The implementation options will be evaluated based on their feasibility in three variants. The implementation of augmented reality must always represent a simplification, acceleration, or cost reduction of the usual technological procedures.
</abstract>

Possibilities of Implementing Augmented Reality in Railway Freight Transport

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The segment of transport of single wagon consignments is specific in comparison with the transport of complete trains in terms of significantly higher technological complexity, which increases the capacity requirements for means of transport, railway infrastructure, consumption of traction energy, employees involved in this transport, and ultimately the cost of transport. In many EU countries, the transport of single wagon loads is supported by the State on the basis of the Community Guidelines on State aid to railway undertakings. This aid may be granted as aid for the use of infrastructure or aid to reduce ancillary costs. This aid is allowed by the EU with a view to achieving sustainable freight transport if it is demonstrated by a study that the transport of single wagon loads has lower ancillary costs than alternative modes of transport. In the long term, there is a need to increase efficiency in this transport segment. One option is to change the technology of the operator. This paper uses a case study to show how a change in technology can reduce the carrier’s cost of transporting single carload shipments and thus increase the overall economic efficiency of this transportation segment.
</abstract>

Increasing the Efficiency of the Transport of Single Wagon Consignments – A Tool for Sunsaitable Freight Transport

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The contribution is focused on the analysis of the current state and development of traffic service in international rail passenger transport between Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The current situation in the post-covid period is analysed in more detail from several points of view. The frequency of passengers at individual border crossings in the monitored period is also briefly analysed. Part of the analysis of the work is a proposal for ways to improve the current traffic service at individual border crossings in international rail transport.
</abstract>

Possibilities for the Development of International Rail Passenger Transport Between Slovakia and the Czech Republic in the Post-Covid Period

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on rail transport in the EU. The slowdown in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has been achieved by reducing the mobility of the population. The reduction in mobility has had an impact on passenger transport performance. The number of national rail passengers fell by as much as 90% during the first wave of the pandemic compared to the previous year. Several operators, especially new carriers, had to close down, while rail freight operators reported a dramatic drop in volumes as many sectors slowed or even stopped production as a result of the pandemic. The second wave of the autumn 2020 pandemic has forced many countries to take further restrictive measures regarding population mobility. The outbreak of the third wave of the pandemic has prevented a rapid recovery in rail transport, especially for passenger rail services. The paper focuses on the analysis of the impact of the pandemic and the measures put in place on the development of transport performance in rail transport in the Slovak Republic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper proposes operational and organizational measures against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in railway transport in the Slovak Republic.
</abstract>

Framework Proposal for Solving Problems in Railway Transport During the COVID-19 Pandemic

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Liberalisation of the rail transport market is the main aim of the European Union in the field of transport policy. Open access on the market allows railway undertakings to provide their services, but it also requires to compete with each other. In recent years, night train services have experienced a renaissance, especially in west-Europe countries. A development of this type of services is important to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in EU, especially in context of affordable air transport. The aim of this study is to analyse current night train services in middle Europe and find opportunities for their further development. In this article we have proposed new night train connections between Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Germany, provided by railway undertaking in open access mode, with a detailed cost calculation. This is necessary to assess the economic efficiency of introducing new connections. Results of the cost calculations form the basis of the price for transport on newly introduced routes.
</abstract>

Possibilities for Introducing a New Night Train Connection in Middle Europe

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Predictive modeling is the key fundamental method to study passengers’ behavior in transportation research. One of the limited studied topic is modeling of public transport usage frequency, which can be used to estimate present and future demand and users’ trend toward public transport services. The artificial intelligence and machine learning methods are promising to be better substitute to statistical techniques. No doubt, traditionally been used econometrics models are better for causal relationship studies among variables, but they made rigid assumptions and unable to recognize the pattern in data. This paper aims to build a predictive model to solve passengers’ classification, and public transport usage frequency using socio-demographic survey data. The supervised machine learning algorithm, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) applied to build a predictive model, which is the better machine learning method for dealing with small datasets, because of its ability of having less parameter tuning. Survey data has been used to train and validate the model performance, which is able to predict public transport usage frequency of future users of public transport. This model can practically be used by public transport agencies and relevant government organizations to predict the public transport demand for new commuters before introducing any new transportation projects.</abstract>

Modeling Commuter’s Sociodemographic Characteristics to Predict Public Transport Usage Frequency by Applying Supervised Machine Learning Method

Instructions for Authors

Transport technic and technology

 The University of Zilina has, since its founding in 1953 as Railway College in Prague, been dedicated to comprehensive research and education in all modes of transport and...

 The University of Zilina has, since its founding in 1953 as Railway College in Prague, been dedicated to comprehensive research and...