<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Bulqiza chrome mine is one of the most important chromium mines and mining activities in Albania. It is the deepest mine in the Balkans and possibly even in Europe. Recently, the inner shaft of the mine reached a depth of 1000 m, measured from the surface, or −180 m below sea level. Like all deep metal mines, this mine also faces a different set of challenges during its development. The first and most important challenge is that of improving the degree of geological research and knowledge of this mine and assessment of geological resources and reserves according to JORC Code 2012 edition. In addition, a series of other challenges related to increasing the depth of the mine represent the object of this paper: rock and ore stability and the underground voids support; improvement of mining methods and technologies; groundwater and its pumping; temperature, air parameters and mine ventilation. Among other things, these problems were solved using various computation and simulation programs.
</abstract>

New Challenges to the Deep Development of the Bulqiza Chrome Mines

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This paper presents the possibilities and benefits of using drones in mining operations. In the first part of the paper, aspects regarding the concept, the constructive elements of autonomous aerial vehicles, legislative provisions for the use of drones, elements of flight safety and the security of people are clarified. In the second part of the paper, the possibilities of practical use of drones in mining operations, the benefits and the types of expected results are presented.
</abstract>

The Use of Drones in Mining Operations

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The paper follows the unfolding of the history of Romanian mining in its several major stages: the beginnings until the conquest of Dacia by the Romans, mining in Dacia during the Roman rule, mining activity after the Romans left Dacia until the 10th century, mining activity during the Middle Ages, mining during the capitalist period, Romanian mining during 1948–1990, Romanian mining after 1990, a possible future of Romanian mining and ends with some considerations regarding mining and the environment.
</abstract>

Romanian Mining - Past, Present and a Possible Future

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This article gives an overview of solid waste and tailing generated by the mining activity over the years in Albania. It presents the geographical distribution of the disposal areas giving a quantitative and qualitative assessment of this waste. It reveals that the best approach to deal with mining waste is their recycling to recover lost mineral products deposited in the mining waste and tailing dam. This loss is due to the type of technology used over the years in mines and to the low efficiency of the processing equipment; nonetheless, the new treatment methods can represent a great potential for the recycling industries in the mining activity. At the same time the rehabilitation of the disposal areas is of great importance.
</abstract>

Mineral Waste, Recycling and Rehabilitation of their Disposal Areas

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The purpose of this work is to describe the realization of a photogrammetric mapping work, i.e. the creation of a high-resolution orthophotoplan mosaic, as a support in the inventory of land parcels belonging to the public domain of a territorial administrative unit in the rural area, subsequent registration in the Integrated Cadaster and Land Registry System, with all related technical-legal aspects.
</abstract>

Applications of Photogrammetry in Cadastral Inventory of the Pubic Rural Land

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The work presents a history of the exploitation and processing of alluvial gold in Antiquity by the first civilizations of mankind. But those who developed and perfected this technology were the Romans, in Hispania and Britannia, where they mined gold both outcrops and underground. The technology they used was so advanced that it remained unchanged for more than a millennium.
</abstract>

History of Gold in Antiquity

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Occupational safety risk assessment is always the basic stage of the systematic approach of reducing the impact of undesired events (work injuries and occupational illnesses), by decreasing both their likelihood of occurrence and the gravity/severity of the generated impact. Eighteen years ago, when, as a consequence of the regulatory changes induced by our country’s accession into the European Union, the risk assessment became mandatory/compulsory. Since then some progress was factually realized in the spirit of applying different risk analysis techniques in all Romanian organizations. Even if there are many aspects that are requiring further improvement, an effectively validated and nationally accepted indigenous tool is nowadays available. This method was put in practice in this research paper, in order to analyse, evaluate and assess the safety risks related to several of the main activities/jobs in a diabase open pit mine exploiting construction stone in a certain province of the country. Based on the results obtained, it has become feasible to propose realistic measures aimed at preventing the identified and quantified risks located in the field of unacceptable risks and protecting exposed workers to their effects. The case study developed and synthesized in this article confirms the capability of the risk assessment process to facilitate the substantiation of the decisions regarding the allocation of resources towards the minimization of the risks encountered in the work processes by different categories of workers in the mining companies.
</abstract>

Occupational Safety Risk Assessment for Wola Heavy-Duty Machinery Operator in a Romanian Diabase Open –Pit Mine

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Carbon dioxide is a suffocating gas resulting either from industrial activities from combustion or explosion. There may also be carbon dioxide deposits under pressure, quartered in porous geological formations. This gas can show slow or violent releases with accumulation at ground level. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is both toxic and asphyxiating. This gas can accumulate in closed spaces and when it exceeds the concentration of 12% vol. it becomes lethal. For the protection of working personnel, it is necessary to identify and apply the most effective preventive measures. This requires an understanding of carbon dioxide’s behaviour during the build-up phase. The research gives a CFD analysis for determining the dynamics of carbon dioxide dispersion in a confined enclosure.
</abstract>

CFD Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Dispersion Dynamics in Closed Spaces

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In the research on gas explosions, the emphasis has been and continues to be primarily on physical experiments conducted on various scaled-down models. Building models at actual size is often a resource-intensive task in terms of materials, time, and human resources. The rapid advancement of computational techniques has allowed, among other things, the transfer of gas explosion research into the virtual environment. For validating computerized simulations of this kind, physical experiments and specialized literature are still considered fundamental. However, one of the challenges posed by the virtualization process is the limitation of conducting simulations in fully or partially enclosed spaces, under initially imposed conditions, without the possibility of dynamically modifying these conditions based on the development of overpressures generated by the virtual explosion. This paper details a computerized experiment where the boundary conditions were successfully transformed into predefined pressure threshold surfaces, transitioning from rigid surfaces to surfaces capable of releasing the overpressures developed in fully or partially enclosed spaces. This approach aligns the results of these simulations with the real dynamic effects of gas explosion events.
</abstract>

Computational Simulation of Methane Ignition in Enclosed Spaces

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Human society is in full development. Proportionately, the industrial activity continuously develops and diversifies. Various technological processes also bring with them specific risks such as the one generated by the presence of carbon dioxide in closed premises. The effect of this gas on the human body is destructive and can reach situations incompatible with life. Preventive measures presuppose a good knowledge of how this gas disperses. This paper details the experimentation carried out to identify how carbon dioxide disperses.
</abstract>

Determining the Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide Dispersion in Closed Spaces

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the hydraulic characteristics of ash suspensions, in particular the removal of ash from the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. The importance of this research is justified by the relevance of understanding hydrodynamic processes in suspensions, which is crucial for the efficiency of mineral resource processing. The study focuses on the investigation of the physico-chemical properties of suspensions, which is fundamental for the development and optimization of technological processes. The main goal of the article is to determine the discrepancies between theoretical calculations and experimental data in the context of the hydraulic characteristics of ash suspensions. Focusing on this issue, the research aims to make an important contribution to the accuracy of prediction and calculation of the behavior of suspensions, which has important practical applications. The research methodology includes a series of experiments to measure various hydraulic parameters of the suspension, including suspension density, solid phase weight content, and porosity. The experiments are based on a detailed analysis of ash samples collected from the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. It is established that theoretical formulas for determining hydraulic characteristics are well confirmed experimentally. The difference is due to the accuracy of measuring the density of the solid phase and errors in measuring weight and volume; it is sufficiently small and does not have a fundamental character.
</abstract>

Experimental Verification of Calculation Formulas for Hydraulic Characteristics of Ash Suspension Removal

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The paper presents the results of the theoretical and practical research on the development of the infrastructure for assessing the risk of terrorist attacks associated with undesirable events such as major accidents that can occur at explosives storehouses. The scientific research was carried out within the framework of Project PN 16 43 02 15 - CORE Program titled “Researches regarding the increase of security degree in the technical infrastructures for storing explosives for civil uses”. The use of the DIRE version 1.0 software package specialized in the field of risk assessment of terrorist attacks on explosives storehouses has provided the necessary premises for an objective and highly accurate assessment of this type of risk in the technical infrastructure and the quantification of the degree of damage to the human component and on-site or neighbouring targets, as well as to the area in their proximity.
</abstract>

Assessing the Risk of Terrorist Attacks Against Technical Infrastructures Intended for the Storage of Explosives For Civil Uses

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Romania’s new commitments to give up coal-based energy production entail the gradual closure of the last four open-pits in operation in Berbești Mining Basin, thus, raising the issue of primarily ensuring the stability of the lands in these perimeters in order to reintroduce them, too, into the economic circuit as soon as possible. Considering the numerous negative geo-mining phenomena that have taken place over time in the perimeters of Berbești Mining Basin, respectively landslides and other types of geotechnical phenomena, it is necessary to investigate the causes and factors that favor their manifestation so that their influence can be reduced, removed or simply taken into resizing calculations. The paper presents the results of a study whose purpose is to investigate the factors and causes that generate phenomena of instability of natural and artificial slopes in the area of Berbești Mining Basin. The main research methods applied in this paper were in situ observations, analyzes and laboratory tests, identification of rock types and their behaviors in various weather and humidity conditions, determination of physical and mechanical characteristics, and interpretation of results.
</abstract>

Investigation of the Causes and Factors Generating Land Instability in the Berbeşti Mining Basin

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Analysing environmental impacts of mining activities involves detailed studies of the interactions between technological activities/operations carried out in a mining operation and environmental components affected by them. In order to carry out a more complex environmental impact assessment caused by mining in the eastern part of Jiu Valley on soil and water 4 mining units have been considered in the study, these being mining unit Lonea, Petrila, and Livezeni with their belonging dumps.
Main objective of this research is to analyse the impact caused by mining activities in Eastern part of Jiu Valley by the method of impact networks according to the model “causes - pressures, depreciation of the quality of environmental factors – affected parameters - impact”. Thus, impacts caused by the mining industry were identified based on the top-down typology, being shaped impact networks for underground coal exploitation and sterile material storage on the surface. The metal content of the dumps was also analysed in order to assess the degree of metals soil enrichment compared to the reference concentration of a blank sample. The analysis of the influence of the local rainfall regime aims to highlight the leaching potential of heavy metals in the body of the dump and the possibility of analysing the scenarios of extension of the pollution phenomenon to the saturated area. The study is addressed to researchers, environmental engineers, hydrogeologists and geologists who want to deepen the study of transfer mechanisms of contaminants from dumps to watercourses receiving areas and their dispersion in unsaturated and saturated areas.
</abstract>

Environmental Impact on Soil and Water Because of Mining Activities in the Eastern Part of Jiu Valley

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Increasing the mining depth at Praid Saline and implicitly the state of stresses and strains determines an increase in the dimensions of resistance structures (pillars and ceilings). Furthermore, the seismic effect generated by the detonation of explosives contributes to the degradation of resistance structures. In order to reduce the destructive effect of drilling-blasting technology a proposal is made for the implementation of mechanized salt cutting technology which makes use of a roadheader. This article emphasizes the technical-economical implementation advantages of exploitation from the lower horizons of the New Sector, those of mechanized mining with a roadheader as opposed to the classical technology of drilling-blasting.
</abstract>

Improving Technical-Economical Performance at Praid Saline Way of Rock Salt Roadheader Mechanized Mining

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The article presents laboratory analysis of the water and sediment samples taken on September 2021 from Cavnic and Lăpuș rivers. The values of these results are interpreted by reference to the Technical Regulations on heavy metal contents in discharged waters into the emissary, without being able to be reported on regulations on river sediments. An analysis is made of the impact of these contents leading to complete destruction of aquatic life in the areas of sampling.
</abstract>

Determinations and Interpretations of Heavy Metal Analysis in the Sediments and Water of Cavnic and Lăpuş Rivers

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The underground mining of the rock salt deposit from Slănic started over 350 years ago, in bell-shape room (Ocna din Deal and Ocna din Vale) and in large trapezoidal rooms (Carol, Mihai and Unirea mines), until 1970, generating a volume of underground excavations of over 5.3 million m3. Over time, these large excavations have lost their stability (collapse of the mines to the surface and various degrees of instability of the Carol and Mihai mines), keeping only the Unirea mine in operation for tourist purposes. This article is a synthesis of the analysis with 3D finite elements, in elasto-plasticity, of the state of stress and strain developed around the excavations and highlighting the factors that led to the loss of their stability, focusing on the Unirea mine.
</abstract>

Finite Element Modelling of the Stability of Underground Mining Excavations at Old Mines – Slănic Salt Mine

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Mining Revue

Revista Minelor

 Revista Minelor/Mining Revue (MinRv), ISSN-L 1220-2053/ISSN 2247-8590, is an official journal of the University of Petrosani, Romania, published quarterly both printed and online....

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 Revista Minelor/Mining Revue (MinRv), ISSN-L 1220-2053/ISSN 2247-8590, is an official journal of the University of Petrosani, Romania,...