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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The contemporary security environment is global, dynamic, and unpredictable, particularly in terms of providing cyber security and cyber defence. Numerous analyzes of Russian hybrid operations have shown that the Russian Federation is conducting a number of cyber operations to achieve its politically strategic goals. Despite such debates, the Russo-Ukrainian war represents a new turning point in the global security environment, as many non-state actors have become involved in the conflict and cyberspace has become a tool for implementing sanctions. Thus, the article aims to analyze the implementation of cyber operations of the Russian Federation as observed in the case of its military aggression against Ukraine and the potential global impact of cyberspace in armed conflict for the future.
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Russian Aggression on Ukraine: Cyber Operations and the Influence of Cyberspace on Modern Warfare

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Ethics is an important element of military professionalism, and a factor in military work and behaviour, especially during operations. Studies and surveys show that ethical military leaders are crucial in promoting ethical conduct within the armed forces. This article presents the work of the Science and Technology Organization’s research team on Factors Affecting Ethical Leadership, which focuses on the study of military ethics, ethical education and training, national practices of teaching ethics in the armed forces, the documentation of relevant ethical cases, and surveying the opinions of military personnel with regard to ethical military leadership.
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Military and Ethics: How are Ethical Leaders Produced?

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Threats to national security are becoming more and more diverse, and factors are emerging which we did not expect. In recent decades, we have increasingly perceived extreme environmental events resulting from climate change as threats. This includes natural disasters related to weather, climate and/or water (windstorms, extreme precipitation, heat waves and extreme cold, wildfires, droughts,.). Military forces are carrying out their operations while being more and more affected by difficult environmental circumstances, and in addition their use in disaster management has become indispensable in our times. In this paper, the authors examine climate-related disasters’ impact on national security and on the use of military forces.
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Climate Change as a Challenge to the Armed Forces

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The potential weaponization of Slavdom is a poorly researched topic in the literature on hybrid warfare, despite the Slavic dimension of NATO after several rounds of enlargement. Part of the reason is the traditionally reserved attitude of Russian authorities to the Slavic idea, which runs counter to the idealized supranational character of Russia and can incite domestic ethnic populism. Even though Moscow has not used this instrument so far, the historical record shows that it could do so at a later stage if its very existence is at stake. The instrumentalization of Slavic identity therefore requires attention, not only as an impending threat, but also as a potential catalyst for change on the Russian side.
</abstract>

Putin’s Dilemma: Russia and the Slavic Dimension of NATO Enlargement

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Regardless of how you define critical infrastructure, and critical information infrastructure as part of it, these are elements necessary for the functioning, integrity and security of a digitised society. Mapping what is critical (information) infrastructure and assessing the risks and hazards to it is a first step towards protection, along with a risk decision to either mitigate, remediate or accept the risk. For the protection of critical (information) infrastructure it is necessary to coordinate efforts and collaboration between sectors, which are often interdependent. Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) and cooperation within organizations such as NATO and the EU are essential.
</abstract>

Protecting Critical Infrastructure and Critical Information Infrastructure

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This paper argues that a prestige-humiliation dynamic is a systems-level force that shapes state behavior. Connecting psychological factors to structural realism, we observe the following: the more powerful a state becomes, the more it could seek to overturn past humiliation through aggressive prestige-seeking acts. This is done to reassert its power and status to erase past humiliation and achieve prestige even at the expense of others. Three historical examples will be discussed: Nazi Germany’s erasure of the Treaty of Versailles, China’s Century of Humiliation, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s expansion into Eastern Europe against Russia. The paper will then define face-saving behavior, allowing a competitor to preserve prestige and avoid humiliation as a way to deescalate tension.
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Prestige, Humiliation And Saving Face: National Identity and Great Power Politics

Review: On the Need for Burden Sharing in Nato

Uvodnik: Transformacija Oboroženih Sil

Recenzija: O Potrebi Delitve Bremena V Natu

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The population living in cities around the world will increase in the next decades. Conventional military forces will deploy more in constrained areas where their high-tech capabilities are not an advantage. This research provides an analytical framework for understanding the main challenges of urban warfare for conventional forces. The analysis identifies the military organizational dimension, dual-use technologies as game changers, and the role of civilian population in urban environments as key factors. The conclusions provide some policy recommendations concerning training and communication strategies. The prospects of urban warfare will be defined by a combination of cognitive and kinetic actions.
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Challenges and Prospects in Urban Warfare: An Analytical Framework

Editorial: Transformation of the Armed Forces

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Strategic information operations (IO) have normally been viewed as an issue above the military level. Nevertheless, they are critical both in shaping the larger operational environment and in providing a strategic initiative short of war. As such, they are crucial for military strategists. Also, in most Western countries, the focus has been on defensive measures against opponents’ IO efforts. Such a defensive mindset is unlikely to succeed. Some long-term patterns and lessons learned in IO provide a useful template for both defensive and offensive IO campaigns.
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Planning for Strategic Information Operations

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In recent years an increasing trend has been observed with regard to the number of cyber-attacks in the banking industry, which demonstrates the importance of information security in this sector. The goal of the present case study is to gain a better understanding of information security within critical infrastructure protection by discussing the challenges and practices of the Hungarian financial sector. First, the sector’s essential services are identified. Then, the most current sector-specific cyber threats are described, based on data collected from the relevant literature and public authority reports. The final part presents a reasonably comprehensive overview of the key points of information security and best practices based on regulations, recommendations and standards.
</abstract>

Cyber Threats and Security Challenges in the Hungarian Financial Sector

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 Printed ISSN: 2232-2825, Online ISSN: 2463-9575   The mission of the Contemporary Military Challenges (CMC) publication is to develop critical, scientific and...

 Printed ISSN: 2232-2825, Online ISSN: 2463-9575   The mission of the Contemporary Military Challenges (CMC) publication is...