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<bold>Introduction</bold>: Borderline Personality Disorder, is one of the ten Personality Disorders. These Disorders are split into three categories, with the Borderline being part of the second one where elements of dramatization and emotional instability are frequently evident.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: The purpose of the present study is to investigate and highlight the characteristics, the treatment and nursing approach for people with this disorder.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: The study material consisted of articles on the topic found in Greek and international databases such as: PubMed, Cochrane, Hellenic Academic Libraries Association (HEAL-Link), Scopus and PsycINFO, using keywords as: “Borderline Personality Disorder”, “Diagnosis”, “Therapy”, “Treatment”, “Holistic Care”, “Nursing Care”.
<bold>Results</bold>: Bordeline Personality Disorder is characterized as a condition in which a person differs significantly from the average of people, about how he thinks, perceives, feels or relates to others. Treatment for this Disorder does not exist, however medication is used to remission the symptoms. Nurses are part of the treatment team. They’re going to help the patient learn to live with the symptoms of his disorder. As these people are special patients, nurses must learn from their training not to focus on the patient’s problem, but on the patient himself.
<bold>Conclusions</bold>: The key characteristics of Borderline are impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and emotions. As there is no treatment, nurses as members of the treatment team must develop a relationship of trust with the patient in order to be able to help him in his recovery. It is important for nurses to be able to properly approach the person with Borderline Personality Disorder to learn to adapt according to his personality
</abstract>

Community Nursing Lab, Nursing Department

Borderline personality disorder and nursing approach

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<bold>Introduction</bold>. It has been scientifically confirmed that the risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) increases especially with generalized or regional disruption of connective tissue structure, which is widespread among the population. Patients with such comorbid pathology may have a wide range of symptoms that may go beyond the general symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. The symptoms and complications of GERD affect general health, daily and social functioning, physical and emotional activity. It also affects the quality of life (QoL) associated with health through frequent breaks during sleep, work and social activities.
<bold>Purpose</bold>. study the dynamics of the level of quality of life and social functioning in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease in combination with the syndrome of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia.
<bold>Methodology</bold>. A total of 120 patients were included in the study: 65 men and 55 women: in 75 of them (Group II) GERD occurred on the background of UCTD, in 45 (Group I) as an independent disease. The control group consisted of 12 healthy individuals. The study was comprehensive. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Status (SF-36),the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the scale of “Personal and social performance” (PSP) - were used to study patients in detail.
<bold>Results and Discussion</bold>. Analyzing the results obtained on the basis of the GSRS questionnaire (Table 1), in patients with GERD on the background of UCTD, compared with patients of group I and the control group, there is a significant increase in three and four from the five scales. QoL in patients of Group II on the scale “Abdominal pain” were 14.3 ± 0.4 points, in Group I - 5.6 ± 1.3 points, in the Control Group - 2.4 ± 0.8 points, on the scale “Reflux syndrome”: 13.7 ± 0.9, 10.5 ± 1.3 and 3.1 ± 0.9, respectively. “Dyspeptic syndrome” - 15.3 ± 0.4 points in Group II, 12.2 ± 0.6- in Group I and 6.1 ± 0.3- in the control group. “Constipation syndrome” 9.5 ± 0.8, 5.6 ± 1.03 and 5.7 ± 0.4, respectively (p &lt;0,05). <bold>Conclusions:</bold> In this research we investigated the effect of comorbid pathology on QoL in patients with GERD, which developed against the background of UCTD. The results confirm that patients with such combined pathology have a lower level of quality of life and social functioning, and the tactics of treatment of such patients should take into account these changes.
</abstract>

Disorders of social functioning and quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease while combined with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia

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<bold>Introduction</bold>. One of the systems that can be used in the system of palliative care for children is the Developmental Individual Relationship (DIR)/Floortime concept, which can be flexibly adapted to individual features of a child, and at the same time it has intelligible and clearly-defined tools for work and interaction, that take into consideration not only individual peculiarities of a patient, but also their parents and specialists.
<bold>Purpose</bold>. The purpose of the paper was to review the possibilities and prospects of using DIR/Floortime model in the system of palliative care for children.
<bold>Methodology</bold>. The paper was prepared on the basis of input from Belarusian Children’s Hospice and also took into account experience of implementation of the DIR/Floortime Model (report information of ICDL’ specialists).
<bold>Results and Discussion</bold>. In the course of the work the main tasks for providing palliative care to sick children were outlined and 6 points of introduction of the DIR /Floortime concept into this system were singled out.
<bold>Conclusions</bold>. The main postulates of the DIR concept fully coincide with the modern principles of palliative support. Using DIR/Floortime Model also can solve urgent tasks of the system of palliative care for children: build a team-based, positive, supportive and safe relationship around a child and family; help to prevent conflicts; improve the emotional background of the child in care.
</abstract>

Implementation of the DIR Model and the DIR/Floortime Approach in the System of Palliative Care for Children

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<bold>Introduction</bold>: Intense research on dementia has been conducted during the last years. As advances in the field have started changing the landscape of dementia treatment, it is necessary to assess the impact of novel therapeutic modalities.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: The current evidence about hypoxic – hyperoxic treatment for dementia is reviewed in this article.
<bold>Methods</bold>: We conducted a thorough PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar search.
<bold>Results</bold>: Preclinical and clinical data are available. Hypoxic – hyperoxic treatment is encouraged in the context of the multimodal treatment of dementia. There are concerns about the recovery of memory with regard to specific modalities of this treatment. Future perspectives are highlighted in the light of potentially useful biomarkers and health policy.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: While constant updates and further research is critical to understand the impact of hypoxic – hyperoxic treatment in dementia, the available studies are limited and, hence, research that is more extensive is necessary. Currently, it is important to assess the current state of knowledge highlighting the success but also the stalemates of this treatment.
</abstract>

Department of Post-Intensive Care, Rehabilitation and Nursing of Premature Newborns

Mithridatism for dementia? Hypoxic - Hyperoxic training in dementia

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<bold>Introduction</bold>: This article considers the impact of COVID-19 on stigma and mental health across the life spectrum and the ways that people access services.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: To explore the ways that a pandemic (COVID-19) has changed/shifted the relationship between mental illness or mental ill health and stigma across the life spectrum and call to re-focus resources on sustainable healthy societies, building cultures of peace.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: A literature search was employed, combined with informal interviews and observation.
<bold>Results and Discussion</bold>: On the one hand, the pandemic has opened public discussion of mental health challenges such as anxiety and depression, reducing some of the stigma attached as the experience is more common amongst people who have not previously declared mental health challenges. On the other hand, people previously experiencing mental ill health have mostly had that health challenge exacerbated by the pandemic. With fewer resources available, and changes in service delivery to largely on-line resources, the reduction in stigma has not meant better mental health care and services, but rather further marginalized some of the population. Cultures of peace are inclusive and provide space for full growth of all citizens, in contrast to reactive approaches now more readily applied. Mental health services are a basic right for all people and should be considered as such in all planned health strategies.
<bold>Limitations</bold>: The article focuses on literature review, anecdotal and observation and is focused over a short term, in North America. It is a preliminary study.
<bold>Strengths</bold>: As a preliminary study, the article highlights an emergent and present dilemma. It also highlights the need for a much more holistic, global approach to mental health and wellbeing across the lifespan.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: While there are calls for national strategies for mental health services and services for people with dementia, in particular, there is still a need to take a more holistic approach to mental health as part of a whole health strategy to support human dignity and inclusion across the lifespan
</abstract>

Stigma and mental health: The curious case of COVID-19

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<bold>Introduction</bold>: A quintessential element of Hippocratic medicine is treatment of mental diseases which was based on a detailed examination of the symptoms as well as the study of human physiology and final outcome of the diseases which is based on humoral theory.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: The aim of the work is to highlight the contribution of Hippocrates to the study of mental illness based on his theory of humors
<bold>Methodology</bold>: Our study consists of interpretations of the original text of Hippocrates including extensive observations of anatomy and physiology of human body based on humoral theory. Then the information was evaluated on the basis of modern literature in order to establish their validity. A major limitation of the research is the lack of a systemic methodology to screen the Hippocratic corpus for relevant passages which actually requires interdisciplinary research in order to determine which aspects of Hippocratic medicine can be developed.
<bold>Results</bold>: In Corpus Hippocraticum, it is highlighting that maintaining a relative proportion of humors in human body (apart from maintaining health) regulates the human temperament and its behavioral manifestations. Hippocrates, has included in his work observations not only on human physiology and diseases but also studies the environmental and geographical impact on them, thus setting the stage for holistic approaches
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: Summarizing, Hippocratic medicine and particularly his observations on mental disorders provides a clear picture of the methodology used by Hippocrates which can be a guide for the adoption of good practices for contemporary scholars and clinicians on their everyday practice.
</abstract>

The Hippocratic account of Mental Health: Humors and Human Temperament

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<bold>Introduction</bold>: It can be argued that beauty is not only an aesthetic value, but it is also a social capital which is supported by the global beauty industry. Advertising kindly offers all kinds of ways to acquire and maintain beauty and youth that require large investments. Recent studies demonstrate that physical attractiveness guided by modern sociocultural standards is associated with a higher level of psychological well-being, social ease, assertiveness, and confidence. What is behind this pursuit of ideal beauty and eternal youth: the life-long struggle for survival, selfless love for beauty, or something else that lurks in the depths of the human unconscious?
<bold>Purpose</bold>: The aim of the paper is to analyze the modern-day feminine beauty ideal through the lens of Jungian archetypes.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: An extensive literary review of relevant articles for the period 2000-2020 was performed using PubMed and Google databases, with the following key words: “Feminine beauty ideal, body image, beauty and youth, mental health problems, C.G. Jung, archetypes of collective unconsciousness”. Along with it, the author used Jung’s theory of archetypes, integrative anthropological approach, and hermeneutical methodology.
<bold>Results and Discussion</bold>: Advertising and the beauty industry have a huge impact on women and their self-image. Exposure to visual media depicting idealized faces and bodies causes a negative or distorted self-image. The new globalized and homogenized beauty ideal emphasizes youth and slimness. Over the past few decades, the emphasis on this ideal has been accompanied by an increase in the level of dissatisfaction with their bodies among both women and men. Though face and body image concerns are not a mental health condition in themselves, they have a negative impact on women’s mental health being associated with body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, depression, eating disorders, psychological distress, low self-esteem, self-harm, suicidal feelings. These trends are of real concern.
The interiorization of the modern standards of female beauty as the image of a young girl impedes the psychological development of women and causes disintegration disabling the interconnection of all elements of the psyche and giving rise to deep contradictions. This unattainable ideal is embodied in the Jungian archetype of the Kore. Without maturity transformations, the image of the Kore, which is so attractive to the modern world, indicates an undeveloped part of the personality. Her inability to grow up and become mature has dangerous consequences. Women “restrain their forward movement” becoming an ideal object of manipulation. Thus, they easily internalize someone’s ideas about what the world should be and about their “right” place in it losing the ability to think critically and giving away power over their lives.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: Overcoming the psychological threshold of growing up, achieving deep experience and inner growth, a woman discovers another aspect of the Kore, ceases to be an object of manipulation and accepts reality as it is, while her beauty becomes multifaceted and reflects all aspects of her true personality.
</abstract>

The Modern-Day Feminine Beauty Ideal, Mental Health, and Jungian Archetypes

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<bold>Introduction</bold>. According to the literature, mortality among patients with schizophrenia is 1.5-2 times higher than in the healthy population. One explanation for this is the complication of neuroleptic therapy, which, according to various authors, occurs in 2 to 100% of cases.
<bold>Purpose</bold>. We aimed to study some indicators of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with paranoid schizophrenia who have been taking neuroleptics for a long time, to correct the established changes by adding metformin hydrochloride to the standard regimen and to monitor its effectiveness.
<bold>Methodology</bold>. The study was conducted based on Municipal non-commercial enterprise “Precarpathian regional clinical center of mental health of Ivano-Frankivsk regional council. This study included patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia according to the criteria of ICD-10 (F20.0). As a result of our studies in 63 patients, we found a violation of carbohydrate metabolism, which accounted for 52% of all examined. Among them, 55 patients with prediabetes: 12 (19.04%) patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 43 (68%) with impaired fasting glycemia (IFG), and 8 patients (12.7%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Subsequently, all these 63 patients were prescribed corrective therapy with a drug from the group of biguanides - metformin hydrochloride at a dose from 500 to 1000 mg/day: in violation of IFG at a dose of 500 mg/day; in case of IGT - 850 mg/day; in the case of T2D- 1000 mg/day. All studies were performed before and after 3 months of metformin correction. These included fasting glucose, postprandial hyperglycemia (PPG) (two hours after a meal), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAIc), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and, if necessary, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured by the glucose oxidase method. HbAIc values were determined by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The determination of the IRI level was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
<bold>Results and Discussion</bold>. The results of the research showed that 52% of all surveyed found disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. They were prescribed corrective therapy with a drug from the group of biguanides - metformin hydrochloride at a dose of 500 to 1000 mg/day. As a result of the research, we found that in all groups of examined patients revealed a positive dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism under the influence of this drug. A significantly higher therapeutic effect of the treatment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders with metformin was found in patients receiving the latter in combination with haloperidol. The combination of metformin with risperidone and quetiapine showed a slightly lower clinical effect.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>. Our own clinical experience gives grounds to recommend metformin hydrochloride as a medium for the correction of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with a paranoid form of schizophrenia in the treatment of this category of patients with neuroleptics.
</abstract>

The role of metformin hydrochloride in complex therapy of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with paranoid schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 7 (2024): Issue 1 (January 2024)

Volume 6 (2023): Issue 1 (January 2023)

Volume 5 (2022): Issue 2 (June 2022)

Volume 4 (2021): Issue 1 (October 2021)

Volume 3 (2020): Issue 1 (November 2020)

Mental Health: Global Challenges

 Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal is an open access, peer-reviewed journal, with the primary aim of promoting thought, dialogue, and debate on topics related to mental health. It is an issue and a reality of major global concern, though it is often left to the margins as a topic of conversation. With one of the major aims to challenge and breaking the stigma of mental health, whilst promoting better health and health care, this journal has a general focus on mental health, mental health care systems, approaches to better mental health, mental health challenges for individuals, families, and groups in different cultures and contexts, mental health and trauma, as well as mental health and conflict, amongst other related aspects.   More specifically, Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal is a journal dedicated to studies of international interest related to mental health and mental health care systems in the global context of social challenges. Therefore, we encourage papers which focus on a variety of topics related to this complex issue. Some examples are as follows: the impact of stigma on mental health and mental health care, mental health and migration, mental health in the time of military conflicts, mental health post conflict, mental health in the workplace, mental health and gender, societal attitudes and approaches to mental health, higher education and mental health care, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to mental health, cultural as well as cross-cultural challenges related to mental health and related topics. The journal especially encourages manuscripts which may be of interest to policy makers and/or practitioners.   The journal accepts high quality English language manuscripts in the form of empirical research studies, case studies, theoretical articles, reviews, and some extended abstracts.   Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 