From The Editor

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The article presents factors influencing the choice of verbal aspects in Polish legal texts. The Polish legal language norm generally uses imperfective verbs (hereinafter: ipf) in the present tense. The reason is not only the universal directival function of the present tense but also a specific function of the imperfective aspect in Polish, i.e., its definitional meaning. Other Slavic languages use perfective verbs (hereinafter referred to as: pf) as a standard legal norm in codes. The first part of the text, based on Łaziński, Jóźwiak 2017 and Łaziński 2020, is a theoretical analysis with the use of linguistic and legal background.
In the second part of the article, the authors present the results of a survey using a fictional statute where respondents had to choose an appropriate verbal aspect. By applying such a strategy it is possible to evaluate the significance of different factors influencing the aspect choice described in the first part of the texts and other factors considered in the survey. In the authors’ opinion, the conclusions of the survey and theoretical discussion have important consequences for both linguistics and law, especially for the grammatical interpretation of the law.
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Imperfective and Perfective Verbs in Polish Legal Texts. Linguistic Analysis and Results of a Survey

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This article investigates the frequency of Upper Sorbian, an endangered Slavic minority language, in the linguistic landscape of Budyšin / Bautzen. The analysis in this article focuses on the languages used in specific functions (hours of operation, operational instructions, and street names) on signage along a major street in the center of Budyšin / Bautzen.
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Upper Sorbian in Budyšin / Bautzen: Examples from Bautzen’s Linguistic Landscape

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Several Slavic and Baltic languages have an “aggressive” antipassive construction, where in a reflexive marker is used to mark object omission. The construction often carries habitual or potential aspectual meanings and is restricted to a small group of verbs. This study examines the lexical restrictions of the constructions across a sample of 11 Slavic and Baltic languages, with a special focus on Russian. The results show that across the languages, the construction is used to express a set of concepts, of which ‘hit’ and ‘push’ are the most prototypical. Verbs used in the antipassive express unwanted action on an animate patient, and they also share features of inherent atelicity and potential reciprocality. All languages in the survey display syncretism of reciprocal and antipassive markers, resulting in ambiguous plural subject constructions. Based on this, it is suggested that the “aggressive” antipassive with animate subjects has grammaticalized from the reciprocal function of the reflexive marker. Lexical semantics hence play an important role in the extension of functions of reflexive markers in these languages.
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The Dog Bites: On the “Aggressive” Antipassive in Slavic and Baltic

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The present parallel corpus investigation shows that the Russian correspondences to Swedish bipartite comitatives — med- ‘with’-constructions with the structure [med + NP + PP] — can largely be predicted from the presence and positions of NPs referring to inalienable body parts in the constructions. When a Swedish bipartite med-construction contains an inalienable in the first (subject) part of the bipartite med-construction: [med + NPinalienable + P + NP], perfective converb constructions constitute the most frequent Russian correspondence. When there is an alienable NP in the first part and an inalienable NP in the PP part: [med + NPalienable + P + NPinalienable], by contrast, the Swedish bipartite med-constructions frequently correspond to Russian comitative (s+instrumental) constructions. The study shows two more important correspondence types: bare instrumental constructions expressing manner and finite constructions expressing condition or temporal condition. These four Russian correspondence types (converb constructions, s+instrumental constructions, bare instrumental constructions and finite constructions) represent four different ontological types, as they mark relations between the matrix and eventualities (states/temporary properties) entities, manners, and states of affairs, respectively.
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Russian Correspondences to Swedish Bipartite Comitatives

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Over recent years, Ukrainian and Russian have been going through a number of sociolinguistic transformations. Feminist linguistic activism has become a marker of sociopolitical changes in the two language spaces. It has spread with a goal to identify and modify the rules that were developed and used to restrain the language and subject it to men-centered linguistic regulations.
This article will discuss and compare the transformations Ukrainian and Russian are experiencing as well as analyze the received data on the morphological level.
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Language Feminization in Ukrainian and Russian

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 2 (2023): Issue 9 (December 2023)

Volume 1 (2023): Issue 8 (July 2023)

Volume 1-2 (2022): Issue 6-7 (January 2022)

LANGUAGE: Codification, Competence, Communication

Language: Codification, Competence, Communication is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that publishes articles on linguistic issues and related disciplines, such as language teaching methods and language didactics. Reviews, announcements, essays, and biographical articles of prominent academics in the field of linguistics are included into each issue.  The programmatic goal of the publication is to satisfy the scientific and informational demand of the society for scientific and research knowledge, disseminate latest results of the scientific and research endeavours by Ukrainian and foreign linguists across the national and international scientific and educational environment, and exchange scientific information. We strive to create an active platform for genuine scientific dialogue; provide a motivational space for new ideas and reflections; initiate discussion of traditional linguistic topics from a new methodological perspective; and at the same time quickly respond to the problematic challenges of the time, unknown to the previous generations of researchers.  Invitation for publication in Language: Codification, Competence, Communication is extended to practitioners and theoreticians, supporters of various linguistic paradigms and scientific schools, representatives across generations of scientists and specialists in cognate scientific fields, who share an unbridled interest in the problems of language existence and unrestrained desire to approach understanding the essence of the language as a phenomenon.  The topics covered therein embrace issues of building language competence; raise problems concerning the modern structure and codification of language norms; provide insights into history, development, social and state status, interaction and functioning of world languages. One of the aims of the journal is to inform the scientific and general public of the latest techniques and methods of learning a language both as a native and foreign one.  The journal’s topics are addressed to a wide circle of readers, including post-graduate and doctoral students, lecturers and researchers. Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

LANGUAGE: Codification, Competence, Communication

Volume 1-2 (2022): Issue 6-7 (January 2022)

From The Editor

Category 1. Aspectology of the Slavic languages

Imperfective and Perfective Verbs in Polish Legal Texts. Linguistic Analysis and Results of a Survey

Category 2. Functioning of the Slavic languages. Social linguistics

Upper Sorbian in Budyšin / Bautzen: Examples from Bautzen’s Linguistic Landscape

Category 3. Comparative and typological studies of grammar systems

The Dog Bites: On the “Aggressive” Antipassive in Slavic and Baltic

Russian Correspondences to Swedish Bipartite Comitatives

Language Feminization in Ukrainian and Russian

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