Editorial

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00025_s_009">
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>This study is an observational secondary analysis of the Lifestyle Intervention for Two (LIFT) randomised controlled trial data. There is a paucity of data related to mechanisms of health effects and dietary intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF). Earlier studies demonstrate associations between greater UPF intake and weight gain. The purpose of the study was to describe associations among maternal UPF intake with gestational weight gain (GWG) and neonatal body composition.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00025_s_010">
<h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>Women with overweight or obesity (n=156) and offspring (n=126) with complete energy intake, anthropometrics and body composition measures were selected. Maternal weights and diet recalls (Automated Self-Administered 24) were measured at weeks 14 and 35 gestational age (GA). Body composition was assessed by infant quantitative magnetic resonance (infant-QMR) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) at birth. Dependent variables were GWG and neonatal fat mass, fat-free mass, and lean mass at birth; covariates were dietary, socioeconomic and biological. Stepwise linear regressions were used to test associations.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00025_s_011">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>Highest quartile of percentage of energy intake from UPF (PEI-UPF) was not significantly correlated with maternal GWG (p=0.215), infant QMR fat (p=0.816) and lean mass (p=0.423) or ADP fat (p=0.482) or fat-free mass (p=0.835).</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00025_s_012">
<h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>While no significant associations with UPF were observed in this smaller size cohort, further investigations would be justified in larger cohorts on the relationships of maternal UPF intake and GWG and offspring outcomes. Clinical Trial NCT01616147</p></sec>
</abstract>

A secondary analysis of maternal ultra-processed food intake in women with overweight or obesity and associations with gestational weight gain and neonatal body composition outcomes

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00034_s_007">
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>The literature on neonatal outcomes in preterm twins delivered before 34 weeks but within and after 14 days of a single initial steroid course is limited.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00034__008">
<h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>This bidirectional (226 prospective and 42 retrospectives) cohort study was performed at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. We compared the respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal death amongst preterm twins from 28 to 34 weeks born &lt; 14 days (Group A, n=268) and after 14 days (Group B, n=268) of completion of a single course of antenatal steroids. We used multivariable regression analysis (log-binomial model) to adjust for confounding variables. We generated a propensity-matched score with probit regression to analyse outcomes (respiratory distress and neonatal deaths).</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00034__009">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>The two groups had significant differences in the distribution of birthweight, gestation period and mode of delivery. On adjusted analysis, the period of gestation below 33 weeks and weight below 1.5 kg had the maximum influence on respiratory and other morbidities, and weight less than 1 kg on neonatal death. [adjusted relative risk (ARR) 26.06, (95%CI=2.37-285.5), p=0.008]. On propensity scoring after matching all these variables, we found an [ARR of 2.0 (95% CI: 1.03-3.88), P=0.017] for neonatal death after 14 days of steroid injection. The ARR for respiratory distress syndrome was 1.13 in those born after 14 days of steroids, though it did not reach statistical significance.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00034_s_010">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>On propensity scoring, the steroid-delivery interval more than 14 days was associated with a significantly increased risk (ARR of 2) of neonatal death.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Comparison of respiratory distress syndrome amongst preterm twins (28-34 Weeks) born within and after two weeks of completion of single antenatal corticosteroid course: A bidirectional cohort study

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-22-00008_s_006"><h3>Background</h3>
<p>The quality and safety of bottle-feeding in premature infants can be improved by optimal positioning. This study analysed the advantages of side-lying position (SLP) and semielevated position (SEP) during bottle-feeding in premature infants.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-22-00008_s_007"><h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>A total of 42 neonates (n=42) born ≤34 weeks of gestational age were included in the study. Four feeding sessions—two in SLP and two in SEP— were analysed for each newborn. The level of saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) and heart rate, which are the parameters assessing the physiological stability, were measured in the studied newborns. The other factors that were examined to determine the quality of feeding included the total time of decline of SpO<sub>2</sub> to ≤85%, level of the newborn’s alertness measured using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, and the frequency of choking episodes. The proportion of milk consumed (volume of milk consumed relative to the volume expected) and the feeding duration as well as the total time of feeding session were recorded.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-22-00008_s_008"><h3>Results</h3>
<p>SLP was safer in terms of the frequency of choking episodes. Choking episodes were more frequently observed with feeding in SEP (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001). Moreover, the proportion of milk consumed by infants was statistically significantly higher in SLP (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.046) compared to SEP. No significant differences in the other tested parameters were noted in infants fed in SLP and infants fed in SEP.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-22-00008_s_009"><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>This study demonstrated that SLP is effective in reducing the number of choking episodes during feeding. The proportion of milk consumed was better when the neonates were fed in SLP.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Advantages of side-lying position. A comparative study of positioning during bottle-feeding in preterm infants (≤34 weeks GA)

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00020_s_008"><h3>Background</h3>
<p>The aim of the study was to get to know polish women’s opinions and experiences regarding breastfeeding in public.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00020_s_009"><h3>Material and methods</h3>
<p>A one-time 11-question survey aimed at women during lactation or breastfeeding in the past who completed a paper questionnaire or online questionnaire on the website (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.laktacja.pl">www.laktacja.pl).</ext-link> The study was conducted electronically from 1 September 2019 to 31 March 2020 in Maternity and Neonatal Departments, primary health-care clinics in various Polish cities. Data from 700 questionnaires were statistically analysed with the use of Pearson’s chi-squared test of independency or Fisher’s exacts test when applicable (small cell counts).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00020_s_010"><h3>Results</h3>
<p>90% of the surveyed women expressed the opinion that it should be possible to breastfeed in public, and 78% of women have had such an experience. Most often it was their own cars, a room for a mother and child, a hall or just a place available when there was a need to feed the child (e.g., a bench, cafe, toilet). About 10% of women faced criticism while breastfeeding in a public place, and 8.6% of women have never breastfed the child out of the house due to the lack of proper place and conditions, embarrassment and no sympathy from other people.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jmotherandchild.20212504.d-21-00020_s_011"><h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Taking into account the benefits of long-term breastfeeding and the comfort of breastfeeding women, their children and the environment, it is necessary to create dedicated places for breastfeeding in public places.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Perception and practice of breastfeeding in public in Poland

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>This study aimed to investigate the existing trends of child labour abuse in Addis Ababa, as well as to examine the sociocultural barriers that impede nongovernmental organizations. This study involves two domestic NGOs (FHIDO and SCFDS) working on child issues. The study used a qualitative approach with 25 participants in in-depth interviews, one focus-group discussion, and six key informants to collect or acquire a full grasp of the issue and to address the study's stated objectives. The finding of this study revealed some psychometric reasons for the children to be engaged in hazardous work activities, including their family background (dynamics), poverty, and self-actualisation arising from contributions to the well-being of the family. Concerning gender-selective norms as a problem, the chosen two organizations are facing a significant task in putting an end to child labour exploitation in the region owing to social gender preference. The cultural and social expectations of men and women make the issue ubiquitous in their communities. Based on the findings of this study, the Winrock International (2008) approach of CIRCLE experience with an awareness-raising plan is recommended.</p></abstract>

A cultural syndicate of society and NGOs challenges to deter child labour manipulation in Addis Ababa

List of reviewers 2021

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Journal of Mother and Child

The history of the title Relatively new only by the title, the Journal of Mother and Child (JMC) has a long tradition of being issued for nearly 25 years. The journal is a direct successor of a former periodical: Developmental Period Medicine/Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego. The change of the journal title from Developmental Period Medicine to Journal of Mother and Child took place on January 01, 2020. The archive papers under the old name can be found at: journals.indexcopernicus.com.  The Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland, has been publishing the journal Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego (ISSN 1428-345X) since 1997. That title stems from another journal: Problemy Medycyny Wieku Rozwojowego (ISSN 0303-2264), issued by the Institute in the years 1972-1990. Since 1998 until the end of 2019, the English language translation: Developmental Period Medicine (e-ISSN 2354-0060) was used on the title page. Since 2020, the quarterly Developmental Period Medicine changed its English-language title to the one being more to the point, to: Journal of Mother and Child (ISSN 2719-6488; e-ISSN 2719-535X).　  Thus, until December 31, 2019, the journal was titled Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego (ISSN 1428-345X) / Developmental Period Medicine (e-ISSN 2354-0060), and from January 1, 2020 it is published further under the title Journal of Mother and Child/Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego (ISSN 2719-6488; e-ISSN 2719-535X). In other words, there is an uninterrupted continuation of issuing of the journal from 1997 to the present. Title modifications on the way reflected more and more focused selection of topics of interest and increasing role of English language in medical sciences. With our international readership visibly broadened over the last years and with the solely English-language contents, we intend to abandon the title’s Polish translation (subheading: ‘Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego’) in the near future.  The former version of this journal: Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego / Developmental Period Medicine was indexed in PubMed / Medline and as such was entered into other databases. Journal of Mother and Child / Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego continues to be indexed in PubMed / Medline.  Cooperating societies:  The title is published in association with the Polish Society of Perinatal Medicine and the Polish Society of Inborn Errors of Metabolism.     Aims &amp; Scope  JMC is a peer reviewed, diamond open access journal dedicated to disseminating basic and applied research related to the health of mother and child. The journal’s ambition is to create a platform for presenting original results from all areas of research studies that aim to improve human maternal, fetal, neonatal, and child health, reflecting the connection between clinical and basic science. We at JMC strongly believe that translational medicine should support interdisciplinary collaboration, which usually results in important scientific papers. We accept original research papers, review articles, editorials, short communications and case studies.  JMC‘s scope is based on a holistic approach towards the patient, covering all medical aspects of health of a mother and her child, including such important life sciences areas as origins of disease, modern diagnostic tools, effective up-to-date treatment, long-term health consequences, nutrition, psychology, as well as social and bioethical issues. Most importantly, we focus on the patient throughout all stages of life, from early years, i.e. prenatal and perinatal periods, through early childhood and childhood to adolescence and adulthood (including maternal health). JMC follows a concept of the systems medicine, looking at the human body as part of an integrated whole which incorporates biomolecular, physiological and environmental interactions.  JMC also encourages submissions of papers pertaining to rare diseases which may be a good model for a study on common disorders and thus revealing novel pathomechanisms and conditions.  Journal metrics  Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego  Cite Score (2020) 0.9Cite Score (2019) 0.8Ministry of Education and Science (Poland) Journal Rating Scale - Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego – 20 points (2019-2021)SCImago Journal Rank (2021) 0.154SCImago Journal Rank (2020) 0.215SCImago Journal Rank (2019) 0.210h-index 17  Journal review process  Journal of Mother and Child is double-blind peer reviewed journal.  Article processing charges  The journal has no article processing charges (APCs) and article submission charges.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  EDITORIAL POLICIES AND ETHICAL STANDARDS 　  The Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland, the owner of the Journal of Mother and Child (JMC) / Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego is committed to upholding standards of ethical behaviour at all stages of the publication process. Editorial Board of the Journal follow closely the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Council of Science Editors that set standards and provide guidelines for best practices in order to meet these requirements.  Duties and responsibilities of Authors  The Author(s) is obliged to prepare and send the article in accordance with the requirements set out in the Instructions for Authors. Moreover, the Author(s) is obliged to submit editorial complemented by a statement which will be included (signed and scanned author statement and JMC license agreement – in one document JMC License Agreement available at the web page of the Journal): a statement about the originality of the content of the article (work not yet published anywhere), the integrity of the copyrights of others, no conflict of interest or its application, as well as the superior permission to publish an article in the journal. The Author(s) is obliged to participate in peer review process. The Author(s) is obliged to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes, they also should provide a list of references.The Author(s) is responsible for disclosing all financial and personal relationships that might bias or be seen to bias their work.　Authors may, at any time before accepting the article for publication, withdraw the article by submitting a statement in the electronic system of the Editorial Manager.  Reporting standards  The Author(s) reporting results of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed, as well as an objective discussions of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the manuscript. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.  Originality and Plagiarism  The Author(s) should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the Author(s) have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.  Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication  The Autho(s) should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Parallel submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.  Acknowledgement of sources  Proper acknowledgement of the work of others must always be given. The Author(s) should also cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.  Authorship of a manuscript  Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be named in an Acknowledgement section.The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors (according to the above definition) and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the author list of the manuscript, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.  Hazards and human or animal subjects  If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the Author(s) must clearly identify these in the manuscript.  Disclosure and conflicts of interest  All Authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or their interpretation in the manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.　  Fundamental errors in published works  When the Author(s) discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal’s editor or publisher and cooperate with them to either retract the paper or to publish an appropriate erratum.　  Authorship criteria and/or who should be listed as a contributor  In the matter of authorship criteria and/or who should be listed as a contributor, the Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland, the owner of the Journal of Mother and Child (JMC) / Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego respects standards recommended by the Committee on Publication Ethics. Detailed information about these criteria can be found in the COPE Report: publicationethics.org/files/2003pdf12_0.pdf  Duties and responsibilities of Reviewers 　  Articles are selected for publication in double-blind selection system and published in open access system. A Reviewer(s) will provide his/her review using the electronic system on the basis of questions prepared for a specific title. It is also possible for a Reviewer(s) to send individual comments to be published in the article content. All judgments and findings in the peer-review process should be objective. Reviewers should have no conflict of interest (they make an appropriate statement before proceeding to review). When it is a legitimate need, Reviewers should point out relevant published work which is not yet cited, and articles reviewed by them should be treated confidentially prior to their publication.  Contribution to editorial decisions  Peer review assists the Editor in making editorial decisions and, through the editorial communication with the Author, may also assist the author in improving the manuscript.  Promptness  Any invited referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its timely review will be impossible, should immediately notify the Editor so that alternative reviewers can be contacted.  Confidentiality  Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except if authorized by the Editor.  Standards of objectivity  Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the Author is unacceptable. Referees should express their views clearly with appropriate supporting arguments.  Acknowledgement of sources  Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the Authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A Reviewer should also call to the editor’s attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published data of which they have personal knowledge.  Disclosure and conflict of interest  Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider evaluating manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the Authors, companies, or institutions connected to the submission.  Duties and responsibilities of Editors 　  Editors are responsible for deciding which articles are accepted for publication. Editors act in a balanced, objective and fair way while carrying out their expected duties, without discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity or geographical origin, religious or political beliefs, or sexuality of the authors.Publisher and Editors are always ready to publish corrections, clarifications, withdrawals and apologies, if there is a legitimate need.In the situation when there is a suspicion that an inappropriate research procedure described in the work sent has taken place, the Author(s) is obliged by the editorial office to submit (if not yet submitted) information regarding the approval of the described research procedure by a properly established ethics committee to conduct clinical trials.  Accountability  The Editor of a peer-reviewed journal is responsible for deciding which articles submitted to the journal should be published, and, moreover, is accountable for everything published in the journal. In making these decisions, the Editor may be guided by the policies of the journal’s editorial board, as well as by legal requirements regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The Editor may confer with other Editors or Reviewers when making publication decisions. The Editor should maintain the integrity of the academic record, preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards, and always be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions and apologies when needed.  Fairness  The Editor should evaluate manuscripts for intellectual content. The Editor will not disclose any information about a manuscript under consideration to anyone other than the Author(s), Reviewers and potential reviewers, and in some instances the editorial board members, as appropriate.  Confidentiality  The Editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about submitted manuscript to anyone other than he corresponding Author, Reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the Publisher, as appropriate.  Disclosure, conflict of interest, and other issues  The Editor will be guided by the industry associations, such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Council of Science Editors that set standards, recommendations and provide guidelines for best practices in retracting articles: when considering retracting, issuing expressions of concern about, and issuing corrections pertaining to articles that have been published in the Journal of Mother and Child.  Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor’s own research without the expressed written consent of the Author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.  The Editor is committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions.  The Editor should seek to ensure a fair and appropriate peer review process. Editors should recuse themselves (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the editorial board instead to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) institutions connected to the papers. Editors should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication. If needed, other appropriate action should be taken, such as the publication of a retraction or expression of concern.  Involvement and cooperation in investigations  Editors should guard the integrity of the published record by issuing corrections and retractions when needed and pursuing suspected or alleged research and publication misconduct. Editors should pursue reviewer and editorial misconduct. The Editor should take reasonably responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.  Publisher’s confirmation 　  In cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, fraudulent publication or plagiarism the Publisher, in close collaboration with the Editors, will take all appropriate measures to clarify the situation and to amend the article in question. This includes the prompt publication of an erratum or, in the most severe cases, the complete retraction of the affected work. 

Journal of Mother and Child

Volume 25 (2021): Issue 4 (December 2021)

Editorial

Editorial

Original Research

A secondary analysis of maternal ultra-processed food intake in women with overweight or obesity and associations with gestational weight gain and neonatal body composition outcomes

Comparison of respiratory distress syndrome amongst preterm twins (28-34 Weeks) born within and after two weeks of completion of single antenatal corticosteroid course: A bidirectional cohort study

Advantages of side-lying position. A comparative study of positioning during bottle-feeding in preterm infants (≤34 weeks GA)

Perception and practice of breastfeeding in public in Poland

A cultural syndicate of society and NGOs challenges to deter child labour manipulation in Addis Ababa

List of reviewers 2021

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