<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

We formalize in Mizar [1], [2] the notion of characteristic subgroups using the definition found in Dummit and Foote [3], as subgroups invariant under automorphisms from its parent group. Along the way, we formalize notions of Automorphism and results concerning centralizers. Much of what we formalize may be found sprinkled throughout the literature, in particular Gorenstein [4] and Isaacs [5]. We show all our favorite subgroups turn out to be characteristic: the center, the derived subgroup, the commutator subgroup generated by characteristic subgroups, and the intersection of all subgroups satisfying a generic group property.
</abstract>

Characteristic Subgroups

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This paper, using the Mizar system [1], [2], provides useful tools for working with real linear spaces and real normed spaces. These include the identification of a real number set with a one-dimensional real normed space, the relationships between real linear spaces and real Euclidean spaces, the transformation from a real linear space to a real vector space, and the properties of basis and dimensions of real linear spaces. We referred to [6], [10], [8], [9] in this formalization.
</abstract>

Transformation Tools for Real Linear Spaces

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In this article vertex, edge and total colorings of graphs are formalized in the Mizar system [4] and [1], based on the formalization of graphs in [5].
</abstract>

Introduction to Graph Colorings

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In this study, using the Mizar system [1], [2], we reuse formalization e orts in fuzzy sets described in [5] and [6]. This time the centroid method which is one of the fuzzy inference processes is formulated [10]. It is the most popular of all defuzzied methods ([11], [13], [7]) – here, defuzzified crisp value is obtained from domain of membership function as weighted average [8]. Since the integral is used in centroid method, the integrability and bounded properties of membership functions are also mentioned to fill the formalization gaps present in the Mizar Mathematical Library, as in the case of another fuzzy operators [4]. In this paper, the properties of piecewise linear functions consisting of two straight lines are mainly described.
</abstract>

Definition of Centroid Method as Defuzzification

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In this paper problems 11, 16, 19–24, 39, 44, 46, 74, 75, 77, 82, and 176 from [10] are formalized as described in [6], using the Mizar formalism [1], [2], [4]. Problems 11 and 16 from the book are formulated as several independent theorems. Problem 46 is formulated with a given example of required properties. Problem 77 is not formulated using triangles as in the book is.
</abstract>

Elementary Number Theory Problems. Part III

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 31 (2023): Issue 1 (September 2023)

Volume 30 (2022): Issue 4 (December 2022)

Volume 30 (2022): Issue 3 (October 2022)

Volume 30 (2022): Issue 2 (July 2022)

Volume 30 (2022): Issue 1 (April 2022)

Volume 29 (2021): Issue 4 (December 2021)

Volume 29 (2021): Issue 3 (October 2021)

Volume 29 (2021): Issue 2 (July 2021)

Volume 29 (2021): Issue 1 (April 2021)

Volume 28 (2020): Issue 4 (December 2020)

Volume 28 (2020): Issue 3 (October 2020)

Volume 28 (2020): Issue 2 (July 2020)

Volume 28 (2020): Issue 1 (April 2020)

Volume 27 (2019): Issue 4 (December 2019)

Volume 27 (2019): Issue 3 (October 2019)

Volume 27 (2019): Issue 2 (July 2019)

Volume 27 (2019): Issue 1 (April 2019)

Volume 26 (2018): Issue 4 (December 2018)

Volume 26 (2018): Issue 3 (October 2018)

Volume 26 (2018): Issue 2 (July 2018)

Volume 26 (2018): Issue 1 (April 2018)

Volume 25 (2017): Issue 4 (December 2017)

Volume 25 (2017): Issue 3 (October 2017)

Volume 25 (2017): Issue 2 (July 2017)

Volume 25 (2017): Issue 1 (March 2017)

Volume 24 (2016): Issue 4 (December 2016)

Volume 24 (2016): Issue 3 (September 2016)

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Volume 22 (2014): Issue 3 (September 2014)

Volume 22 (2014): Issue 2 (June 2014) Special Issue: 25 years of the Mizar Mathematical Library

Volume 22 (2014): Issue 1 (March 2014)

Volume 21 (2013): Issue 4 (December 2013)

Volume 21 (2013): Issue 3 (October 2013)

Volume 21 (2013): Issue 2 (June 2013)

Volume 21 (2013): Issue 1 (January 2013)

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Volume 17 (2009): Issue 4 (January 2009)

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Volume 16 (2008): Issue 4 (January 2008)

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Volume 16 (2008): Issue 2 (June 2008)

Volume 16 (2008): Issue 1 (March 2008)

Volume 15 (2007): Issue 4 (December 2007)

Volume 15 (2007): Issue 3 (September 2007)

Volume 15 (2007): Issue 2 (January 2007)

Volume 15 (2007): Issue 1 (January 2007)

Volume 14 (2006): Issue 4 (December 2006)

Volume 14 (2006): Issue 3 (September 2006)

Volume 14 (2006): Issue 2 (June 2006)

Volume 14 (2006): Issue 1 (March 2006)

Formalized Mathematics

  Pioneering Journal in the field of formalized and mechanically checked mathematics. Excellent articles on latest research in formal methods and computer-checked mathematics. Full-length original research articles in English. Archival issues available at the journal's home page fm.mizar.org/.   To build a uniform and extensible computer-checked repository of mathematical knowledge.  Reconstruction of mathematics based on mechanization of mathematical reasoning.  To check a wide range of mathematical theorems using a computer in an automatic fashion.  General mathematics: especially topology, lattice theory, functional analysis.  Applications: computer-aided verification of software and hardware, computer-aided teaching of mathematics.   Why subscribe and read   Pioneering source of high quality research in formalized and mechanically checked mathematics.  The oldest journal in the field, a medium for the publication of research reporting pioneering findings of broad mathematical significance that are likely to advance the direction and thinking of the field.  Long-term experience in publishing original articles on mechanizing mathematics and various aspects of automated reasoning, since 1990.   Why submit   Fair and constructive peer review by international experts in the field (three referees are designated for the assessment of each manuscript) - double-blind review process.  New publishing technology: articles automatically translated from a formal language into English and automatically typeset, available in both forms - electronic and printed.  Articles abstracted by online indexing services and databases.   Rejection Rate   59% of submitted articles.  The rejection percentage is described in detail in the following paper, pp.239-240: dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73086-6_20 Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. Back Issues fm.mizar.org/   Other Files  Addenda 2008Formalized Mathematics Bibliography File.Formalized Mathematics External Bibliography File.  "In years: 2016-2017, the English version of Formalized Mathematics was financed under agreements 548/P-DUN/2016 and 548/1/P-DUN/2016 with the funds from the Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education for the dissemination of science." 