<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The study aims to investigate the impact of organisational e-readiness on e-marketing diffusion in tourism businesses of Ethiopia. The research is based on a questionnaire survey and uses Structural Equation Modelling to test the conceptual model that extends technology diffusion theories. The study validates the conceptual model extended from Perceived Organisational E-readiness, Innovation Diffusion Theory and Technology Adoption Model to explain e-marketing diffusion. The findings indicated that perceived organisational e-readiness significantly affects e-marketing diffusion. The result implied that technology diffusion theories such as Technology Adoption Model and perceived organ-isational e-readiness were valid in demonstrating e-marketing diffusion. Though ease of use affected e-marketing diffusion, the impacts of compatibility and relative advantage were not significant; and thus, the indirect effect of organisational e-readiness on e-marketing diffusion was not significant. The finding also reinforces the necessity of a multilevel model to explain e-marketing diffusion in developing countries.</abstract>

Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, College of Business and Economics

The Diffusion of E-marketing in Tourism Businesses of Ethiopia: An Empirical Investigation of Organisational E-readiness Perspectives

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The aim of this research is to segment foreign tourists to Sarajevo based on the frequency of visits in order to make a distinction between first-time and repeat foreign tourists. The purpose is to discover if repeat foreign tourists have more positive intention to revisit and recommend Sarajevo, if they have more positive attitude towards overall satisfaction with tourist destination and if they have more positive opinion about the general quality of this tourist destination offer than first-time foreign tourists. The study used a quantitative approach for research. The survey sample is a convenience sample of 250 foreign tourists who visited Sarajevo during the winter (from December 10, 2018 to January 31, 2019). To achieve scientific relevance, during the analysis and interpretation of the obtained data, descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U test were used. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference, and that first-time and repeat foreign tourists had the same intention of recommending Sarajevo, had a positive attitude towards the overall satisfaction of the tourist destination and had the same opinion about the general quality of this tourist destination offer. The results also indicated that repeat foreign tourists had more positive intention to revisit Sarajevo.</abstract>

Faculty of Science, Department of Geography

First-time and repeat visitors to Sarajevo

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Tourism shows a significant transformation. Therefore, knowing the perception of residents regarding its impacts can conduce to more adequate public policies, strategies, decisions and actions, more adapted to residents’ expectations, involving these stakeholders and deepening their engagement in tourism development. This study is a work in progress1. Its main objective is to identify the perceptions of residents of the Lisbon region regarding the impacts of tourism. A quantitative methodology was used to analyse respondents’ perceptions based on descriptive statistical techniques and non-parametric tests. The results of this research indicate that residents have a positive attitude concerning economic, as well as cultural, social and environmental impacts. The study also reveals differences in attitude depending on age, gender and professional activity.</abstract>

Estoril Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Studies, Center for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation

Setúbal Polytechnic Institute, Center for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation

Impacts of Tourism and Residents’ Perceptions: A Study in the Regional Tourism Area of Lisbon

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Physical activities organised in nature have earned more commitment from tourists who intend to actively visit natural and authentic environments. This paper analyses the profile and the perceptions of active tourists who experienced canyoning and <italic>levada</italic> walking in the mountains of Madeira Island.The study uses a quantitative methodology analysis, based on an anonymous questionnaire designed for 160 <italic>levada</italic> walker tourists and 130 canyoning tourists. Differences were found between the two groups in terms of their profile and assessment of the two activities. The <italic>levada</italic> walking profile is the one of older, but more active tourists who stay on the island more than 6 days and intend to experience unique and memorable activities related to waterways, mountain trails and cultural landscapes in a sense of freedom and well-being that nature provides. The canyoning profile is the one of younger tourists, more male than female, who are less active, travelling by cruise, and is with an emphasis on the challenges and natural barriers afforded by the steep and unpredictable characteristics of canyons (hedonism). The findings recommend segmentation of the tourists and a strategy for tourism destinations that highlight culture, endemic forest, authentic landscapes and the hospitality of local people in active tourism services.</abstract>

Faculty of Social Sciences, Campus Universitário da Penteada

Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Campus Universitário da Penteada

<italic>Levada</italic> walks and canyoning as mountain sport products in nature tourism

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Due to their dynamic nature and importance in the service process definition, customers’ expectations have gained attention from researchers and practitioners, and have been essentially focused in developed countries from the Northern Hemisphere. Still, countries, regardless of the hemisphere, have different levels of socioeconomic development and cultural patterns that can have different influence on customers’ expectations about a service. In this sense, the main purpose of this research is to understand if culture equally influences customers’ expectations about a service in countries with different cultural patterns and human development levels. The multigroup analysis using structural equation modelling was used to calculate the regression weights for all the path combinations in the analysis for each proposed group of countries. About 1262 customers from 10 Latin countries were enrolled in this study to determine their expectations about the hotel service and cultural dimensions. Findings show that cultural dimensions influence customers’ expectations about the hotel service differently in groups of countries with different cultural patterns and levels of human development. Results also indicate that hotel managers should adapt the service to the level of human development of each group of countries when it comes to internationalisation.</abstract>

Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation

School of Economics and Management of the University of Porto

The Influence of Culture in Customers’ Expectations about the Hotel Service in Latin Countries with Different Human Development Levels

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The Madeira Island provides excellent conditions for tourism due to its variety of scenarios, weather conditions and topography, and it becomes fundamental to think about the tourists’ experience.This study aims to understand the practitioner’s motivations on mountains hikes and Levada, and how visitors live the experience.We applied a ‘QEFENRAM’ survey (Florido, 2010) with 3 main dimensions related to the practitioner’s experience while performing mountain hikes or Levadas: 1. Practitioner’s motivations; 2. Practitioner’s predisposition; 3. Practitioner’s experience.We obtained 293 replies immediately after the activities’ conclusion (males: 124; female: 169) with the following results: a) Levels of motivation: 52.6% of the participants revelled intrinsic motivation, while 27.1% showed extrinsic motivation; b) Safety: 79.2% reported to be aware of safety measures and to have the necessary competence to perform the activity; c) Practitioners experience: 76.3% reported to be highly focused on their activity and felt to be part of the scenario itself. 10.9% referred to a feeling that, somehow, they were interfering, negatively, with the environment.These findings can help to characterize the practitioner’s motivations and experience. Based on this information, we can discuss what to improve in the touristic scenarios to refine the experience in Levadas and mountain hikes.</abstract>

CIDESD, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro

Mountain hikes and Levada Practitioner’s motivation and experience – Characterization

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The international attitude based on the ‘War on Drugs’, adopted by the United Nations in the second half of the twentieth century contributed to a situation where the debates related to drug issues were mostly concentrated in the spheres of biomedical sciences and public security. With the numerous transformations in relation to drug policies in several countries in the contemporary world, it was evident that tourism could play an important role with the emergence of the so-called ‘drug tourism’. In most cases, these changes were mainly related to cannabis, and in some regions where its recreational use has already been regulated, it was possible to notice significant reflexes in the tourist dynamics of these destinations, intensifying the role of cannabis tourism, a relevant sub-segment of drug tourism. The main purpose of this article was to contribute to the construction of fundamental theoretical and conceptual bases for a critical and scientific approach to this new topic by presenting a general overview on drug tourism; reflections and purposes on drug tourism concept; the main destinations already consolidated and; brief cannabis tourism case studies. Finally, inferences were made about future challenges of this tourism segment, which presents great prospects in the global scenario.</abstract>

Reflecting on drug tourism and its future challenges

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This article intends to demonstrate the importance of the existence of an aggregating platform for digital content, as is the case of MUVITUR – Virtual Museum of Tourism, for the research in tourism and also to assess its potential.Aiming to track the history of Madeira’s destination image, this paper also searches to contribute to the study of the ‘Atlantic Pearl’ distinctive features for promotional purposes throughout seventy years.For this purpose, the authors did an integrated search aiming to find and study the retrieved results of promotional visual materials edited during the twentieth century, focusing on Madeira Island, as an example of the potentialities of the Muvitur database.With this research, we can conclude that tourism marketing strategies seem to have succeeded to consolidate Madeira’s destination image focused on its distinctiveness. Digital objects gathered in such searchable thematic databases, with a diversity of content providers, can play a crucial role in the history of tourism and leisure, allowing us, at the same time, to know how Madeira represented the destination for promotional aims.</abstract>

Unveiling Madeira’s destination image and representations through Virtual Museum of Tourism (MUVITUR)®

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European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation

 The European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation is an international, peer-reviewed journal publishing original research. The journal focuses on current issues in tourism, hospitality, food service, transportation and leisure, including best practices and case studies.   EJTHR’s strategy follows a multidisciplinary approach with emphasis on the following topics:        Tourism Economics and Management   Tourism, Hospitality and Restaurants   e-Tourism   Geography of Tourism and Tourism Destinations   Planning and Management of Tourist Products and Recreation   Tourism, Culture, Society and Language      Please note that this journal only publishes manuscripts in English.   The European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation accepts original articles written in English.   Number of issues per year   The journal publishes two issues per year in May and in December and submissions are open all year round.   Peer review   Once your paper has been assessed for suitability by the Editors, it will be double blind peer reviewed by independent, anonymous referees.   Types of paper published   Original Articles   Original articles are peer-reviewed articles that report upon theoretically consequential empirical research and make a significant contribution to tourism studies and its related fields.   Special Issues   We welcome proposals for special issues. Special issue proposals should be sent to ejthr@citur-tourismresearch.com. Proposals should include a brief synopsis of the theme, guest editors’ details including short bionotes, a list of contributions, and a publication timeline.   Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.   Copyright and licensing agreement   This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license. Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY 4.0 license.   Funded by national funds through FCT—Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, within the project reference UIDB/04470/2020. DOI 10.54499/UIDP/04470/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04470/2020).   Contactejthr@citur-tourismresearch.com 

European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation

Volume 10 (2020): Issue 1 (May 2020)

The Diffusion of E-marketing in Tourism Businesses of Ethiopia: An Empirical Investigation of Organisational E-readiness Perspectives

First-time and repeat visitors to Sarajevo

Impacts of Tourism and Residents’ Perceptions: A Study in the Regional Tourism Area of Lisbon

Levada walks and canyoning as mountain sport products in nature tourism

The Influence of Culture in Customers’ Expectations about the Hotel Service in Latin Countries with Different Human Development Levels

Mountain hikes and Levada Practitioner’s motivation and experience – Characterization

Reflecting on drug tourism and its future challenges

Unveiling Madeira’s destination image and representations through Virtual Museum of Tourism (MUVITUR)^®

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