<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<italic>Objective:</italic> The purpose for conducting the review is to examine studies which have been carried out on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in hospitals using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). We will determine if these studies take into account institutional categories.
<italic>Introduction:</italic> The developing application of KPIs in hospitals takes into account some particular conditions for OHS in the health sector. The application of KPIs in OHS of hospitals is connected to institutional directives for OHS. We will determine if these studies take into account institutional categories such as Protective and Preventive Services (PPS), Risk Assessment (RA) and Management Systems (OHSMS).
Inclusion criteria: We will include studies which use KPIs in the evaluation of OHS in hospitals, (those related directly and indirectly to OHS). We exclude the following categories of study: Studies which use KPIs in hospital evaluations, but which are not oriented to OHS and studies which include KPIs in evaluating various organizations but not exclusively hospitals.
<italic>Methods:</italic> We will conduct electronic searches for eligible studies within each of the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Heal-link, Google Scholar. With the help of the JBI tool and using inclusion/exclusion criteria, two independent reviewers will determine which studies will be selected or not. Those studies which fulfill the inclusion criteria will be subjected to a post analysis data procedure. We intend to use mixed methods and workflow software.
<italic>Results</italic> (as expected outcomes): Examination of the relationship between KPIs in OHS of hospitals and the institutional representations for OHS, using the Data Analysis methods.
<italic>Conclusions:</italic> The conclusions will depend on the results of the relationship between KPIs in OHS of hospitals and the institutional representations.
</abstract>

Department of Public Health Policies, Faculty of Public Health

Key Performance Indicators in Occupational Health and Safety of Hospitals: A systematic review with meta-analysis protocol

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Climate played a huge role in every change in the historical course of planet Earth. Even today, it is a topic that inspires experts to think and undertake initiatives for sustainable development based on the principles of green transition. However, in conditions where 99% of European businesses are micro, small and medium, it is clear that the progression of European countries towards the goal of green transition will only be through strategic planning in which “green” goals are incorporated.
The transformation of micro, small and medium-sized businesses in the future period is imperative. It is becoming a strategic imperative for businessmen who want to advance in the global landscape, which is rapidly developing in a green direction. The transition to a green economy, despite the fact that it is costly, slow and will cause many “victims”, provides significant opportunities for businessmen to strengthen their competitiveness.
However, it should not be forgotten that parallel to setting green strategic goals, every organization should provide strong internal capacities for the implementation of large-scale changes resulting from green transitions. The transformation should be in the spirit of smart transition, which will enable a balance between what the company wants to achieve and the skills possessed by human resources.
</abstract>

Challenges faced by organizations in the process of green transition

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

English contract law pays great attention to the terms of exclusion or limitation of contractual liability that the parties may provide in a contract. This is due to the fact that these terms can be considered as a social problem, since they are a means by which the contracting parties seek to avoid liability for non-fulfillment of contractual obligations. In this sense, these terms constitute an easy way for the contracting party, which is stronger, to exclude itself from liability to the other party. This is especially true in consumer related contracts.
The purpose of this paper is to address how these terms are regulated by doctrine and jurisprudence in England. This paper consists of two main cases. In the first case, the content and features of the terms of exclusion or limitation of contractual liability will be analyzed according to common law or judicial practice in England. It is understood that in this case, at the center of attention will be the analysis of the decisions of courts of different levels or the analysis of judicial precedents, since it is the latter that gives the meaning and content of these terms.
In the second case, the terms of exclusion or limitation of contractual liability will be analyzed in general, according to the English law: <italic>“The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977”.</italic> Here we will specifically analyze the reasons that drove the legislators in England to pass this law, as well as address some of the main provisions of this law, as well as the impact they have had on judicial practice. Also, special attention will be paid to the cases of English judicial practice in relation to the correct and exact meaning of the concrete provisions of this law.
</abstract>

Terms of exclusion or limitation of contractual liability under English civil law

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The United Nations Conference and Trade Development (2000) explains that double taxation has caused the occurrence of jurisdictional vacuums as well as conflicts. This is because most nations lack the necessary definitions of income classification. Thus leads to a person being considered as a resident by two or more states by virtue of the divergent perspectives held by the states involved. Such situations are common among people who maintain habitual abodes and conduct professional activities in 2 or more nations. It is also the case for entities operating in 2 or more nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2000). Take, for example, a firm may be incorporated under the laws of Germany, which will determine residence by exploring the place of incorporation. In the same manner, the firm might be effectively managed and controlled from France, which determines the residence by exploring the place of management. The company would be required to meet the residence test in both France and Germany. This will ergo lead to it being taxed as a resident.
Likewise, the existence of a jurisdictional vacuum allows two states to tax the same item of income by their own definition if they think that the item arises from sources within their territories. The United Nations Conference and Trade Development (2000) indicate that such definitions cause mismatches in the timing of income recognition and accounting standards. The occurrences are mostly classified as either economic or judicial.
The topic on how to avoid double taxation is explored by Radu (2012), who notes that unilateral or international schemes can be put in place. The unilateral measures are often determined by the choices of economic policy. For instance, a nation which exports capital will exempt the foreign source income from their trade agreements so as to avoid being in a competitive disadvantage in third-country markets. The capital importing nations will exclude interest remunerating bank deposits for the non-residents in order to attract capital and improve on foreign direct investment (Radu, 2012; Barbuta-Misu &amp; Tudor, 2009). The unilateral restraint measures are thus dictated by the restrictions which are imposed by a nation outside its own territory.
</abstract>

EU legal Person Double Taxation Laws and Structures

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The right to freedom of expression, not without purpose provided for in the first amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, is one of the main basic rights on which modern democratic states were founded. The enjoyment of this freedom is closely related to a series of other equally basic rights, such as freedom of belief, freedom of organization, the right not to be harassed for personal opinions, the freedom to be attached to a certain political party, etc (Salvatore, 2019). The right to freedom of expression is one of the oldest freedoms that arose as a result of freedom of religion, mentioned by the first Christian writers during the II-III century, and then during the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in the centuries XVI-XVII.
On the other hand, it was encouraged and elaborated by the great theorists of the freedom of scientific research (just think of Descartes and Galileo) and of political freedom (such as Milton). Later, the right of Freedom of Expression was elaborated by philosophers of the XVIII-XIX centuries such as Voltaire, Fichte, Benthan. In this sense, John Stuart Mill said that freedom of expression protects us from corrupt power, tyranny, and this freedom is one of the basic guarantees for an open and pluralistic society (Mihajllova, Bacovaska and Shekerxhiev, 2013). Since the circulation of ideas is a prerequisite for the communication of thought, the freedom of expression or manifestation of thought has always been considered by Italian constitutional jurisprudence as the cornerstone of the democratic system (Bin and Pitruzzella, 2012). Main objective of this manuscript is the analysis of the Albanian legislation and jurisprudence about the freedom of expression.
</abstract>

The right to freedom of expression and its limitations according to Albanian legislation

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The literary style of modernist authors like James Joyce (1882-1941) and William Faulkner (1897-1962) is deeply experimental. Their complexity is intertwined with the desire to retell local, national stories as seen through the eyes of losers from which small literary cosmoses are the desires result to re-adapt domestic spaces. This research does not leave a path for the use of language as a transparent means of expression, but at the same time makes it impossible to express fiction through more linear and elaborative methods, leaving the direct elaboration subordinate, shown from the viewpoint of the marginalized, the oppressed. Their speaking variety is conveyed through repetitions, fixations, alienations, and disturbing endings. The two authors create neologisms that signal dissatisfaction with the limitations of conventional language. Joyce includes Hiberno-English in <italic>Ulysses (1920)</italic> as a means of cacophonous addition to the voices and styles, just as Faulkner includes the African American speech of the American South. They operate on the differences of their traditions. Joyce attacks the use of syntax, being more interested in the order of words within the sentence, the same concern with syntactic structure that we also see in Faulkner.
</abstract>

Discourse analysis in Ulysses and The Sound and the Fury

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Albania’s higher education system has been through dynamic changes and challenges after the fall of the dictatorship in 1990. Till 2007 there were only state owned universities, but starting from 2017 the high education sector was liberalized. Connections with Erasmus+ as an ambitious EU program that has played an essential role in shaping the landscape of international education and fostering cross-cultural exchange has been made since the opening of the country. Universities made a lot of effort to become more open and to participate into internationals programmes and initiatives. Erasmus, a flagship program of the European Union has played a pivotal role in transforming higher education and fostering international cooperation. The presence of Erasmus in Albania has been crucial for the internationalization of universities in Albania, but especially to students.
<sec><h3>Objectives</h3>
This paper aims to explore the key objectives, components, and impact of the Erasmus+ program, with a particular focus on its contribution to educational mobility, intercultural understanding, and the development of a more integrated European community. The paper focuses on the impact of Erasmus in Albania, examining the program’s objectives, implementation, challenges, and the broader implications for the country’s educational landscape and cultural exchange.
</sec>
</abstract>

The role of Erasmus+ mobility program on higher education in Albania: The case of the University of Tirana

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Regarding the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not only as the absence of disease and infirmity. Healthy and safe food is a basic human need and at the same time a condition for good health. To survive and to carry out its normal activity, the organism needs energy, which it receives through safe food products obtained through a balanced quantitative and qualitative diet, and this ensures the well-being of the organism and its preservation from malnutrition and life sedentary, the latter causing most diseases in the world today. WHO data show an increase in obesity among adults in Albania, compared to 10 years ago. Mineral salts and vitamins are food ingredients that play an important role in the vital activity of the organism, in normalizing the functioning of its main systems, and in maintaining the homeostasis of the organism. This paper aims to draw the attention of young people regarding the care they should show for the inclusion of the right quantity and quality, along with other elements of mineral salts and vitamins in their food for a healthy diet.
This paper analyzes the results of the questionnaire carried out with the help from the school teachers at a high school in the city of Shkoder, regarding the care they show for a healthy diet. Part of the survey was a group of 340 students in the secondary education in the city of Shkodra, Albania, specifically in the gymnasiums: “Jordan Misja” and “28 Nentori”. Special attention has been paid to the privacy and confidentiality of the data received. A printed questionnaire was used. The questions asked were of a static form (closed-ended), including multiple choice (single and multiple responses) as well as rating scales. After receiving the data, a quantitative analysis of the data was made.
At the end of the scientific work, some important conclusions were reached. Young people’s care for their health is not at the right level. There is a complete lack of attention to the description of the product they consume. We think that the results of the questionnaire affect the awareness of young people and their parents, regarding the care they should show in the selection of food products in their diet, for their well-being. The results of the questionnaire show that the awareness of young people and their parents, regarding the care they should show in the selection of food products in their diet is very low.
</abstract>

University of Shkoder “Luigj Gurakuqi”

Promoting adolescent wellness through health education

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Traffic accidents are unexpected and unpleasant cases on the road, which often have consequences of damage to cars, people’s injuries and in more severe cases lead to death. These events occur for various reasons and can be the result of factors such as high speed, disregard for traffic signals, alcohol, unused safety belt, technical vehicle problems, bad weather conditions and dangerous drivers’ behavior. The consequences of traffic accidents can be very serious, including serious physical injuries, material damage to the vehicle, and in some cases loss of life. Some of the preventive measures to reduce the risk of traffic accidents include the respect for traffic rules, use of seat belts, non-consumption of alcohol at the time of driving, car maintenance, education and information. Road safety is a common challenge that requires cooperation and dedication from drivers, road authorities and the community in general. This challenge is faced by law enforcement institutions to perform the tasks and obligations deriving from the legislation in terms of discouraging legal violations by traffic participants. Therefore, this paper is intended for the discovery and interpretation of any stagnation or negligence that can lead to the encouragement of traffic participants to neglect traffic rules and laws. The analysis of this manuscript is accompanied with statistics, tables and graphs from 116 cases from a population of about 150,000 inhabitants.
</abstract>

Road traffic accidents, sanctions and delays in judgments in Court proceedings in Prizren - Republic of Kosovo

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 10 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

Volume 9 (2023): Issue 3 (November 2023)

Volume 9 (2023): Issue 2 (July 2023)

Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences

 Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences is an international journal published in Austria focused on interdisciplinary research. Our Journal is interested in promoting the exchange of ideas, and to bring together researchers as well as academics from all countries. Aiming at scientific excellence and quality, this journal will promote the best inputs in scientific- and academic research, on the prospective of local, international, global developments in business and management, law, public administration, sociology, anthropology, economics, literature, social work, history, education, psychology, political science, but also applied sciences. Acceptance for publication is subject to a double-blind peer-reviewing process. The journal expects authors to write clearly and accessibly for an international audience. No particular theories are favoured. We invite researchers to submit their original papers via email at: ajbalsjournal.austria@gmail.com   Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 