<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This study aimed to investigated the prevalence and resistance pattern of different <italic>Citrobacter</italic> species phenotypically and genotypically to β-lactam and some most common antibiotics then evaluate the antibacterial activity of omega-3 extracted from flaxseed against isolates that harboring resistance genes. 19 <italic>Citrobacter</italic> isolates were isolated from100 stool and urine samples taken from patients attended to AL-Sadar Hospital during June-December 2016. Clinical samples were cultured on specific media, thereafter isolates were identified depending on morphological, biochemical characteristics and VITK-2. The results showed that the <italic>Citrobacter</italic> comprise 24% of isolated bacteria which divided into 11 (14.1%) were <italic>C. freundii</italic>, 5 (6.41%) <italic>C. kosaeri</italic> and <italic>C. farmeri</italic> were 3 (3.8%). The antagonistic activity was evaluated by observing a clear zone of inhibition growth, the results showed that all <italic>Citrobacter</italic> (100%) isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, cefoxitin and sensitive to Imipinim, also the isolates showed different degrees of resistant to β-lactam antibiotics initially. By confirmatory test the results observed 17/19 (89.4%) isolated were ESBL producers finally using PCR technique to detect bla–genes (blaCTX-M, OXA, SHV and Z). The results revealed that 14/17 (82.3) of potential ESBL producing <italic>Citrobacter</italic> were harbor one or more of ESBL genes they included 10 of <italic>C. freundii</italic> and 4 of <italic>C. koseri</italic>. The extraction of essential fatty acid semicarbazide (omega-3) from <italic>Linum usitatissium</italic> (Flax seed) were tested to evaluate their activity against resistant isolates, results explained broad spectrum antibacterial property of EFASC compounds against resistant bacteria. In conclusion, this study found increase prevalence of MDR <italic>Citrobacter</italic> spp as causative agents in clinical cases. Considering antibacterial activity of EFASC, it was observed highly activity against resistant pathogens deservedly, therefore attention must be paid to development their used as alternative antibiotics.</abstract>

Molecular Characterization of ESBL Gene in Citrobacter Spp and Antibacterial Activity of Omega-3 Against Resistant Isolates

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This paper studied the implementation of fuzzy logic on the relevant parameter of biomass pyrolysis. Frequency factor, the upper limit of ‘dE’, and the scale parameter of Rayleigh distribution are fuzzified in order to estimate the randomness in estimating the parametric values. Distribution function, <italic>f</italic>(<italic>E</italic>), of activation energies is assumed to follow the Rayleigh distribution. Thermo-analytical data has been found experimentally with the help of TGA/DTG analysis. The approximated solution of distributed activation energy model (DAEM) is obtained by using asymptotic approach.</abstract>

Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science

G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology

Application of Fuzzy Rayleigh Distribution in the Nonisothermal Pyrolysis of Loose Biomass

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Microalgae are unicellular free living entities and therefore their responses to excess of heavy metals must be faster and more efficient than those in vascular plants protected by various types of tissues. Up to date, numerous studies reported metal bioaccumulation potential of algae but metabolic responses have relatively rarely been monitored. Here I provide basic overview of quantitative changes of ascorbic acid (AA), reduced glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs) and selected related enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in some common microalgae exposed to various metals (cadmium mainly). Despite various culture and exposure conditions, some common signs of metal toxicity (including e.g. enhancement of phytochelatin biosynthesis) are clearly identifiable in algae. Other metal chelators such as organic acids are also briefly mentioned. Comparison with macroalgae, mosses and vascular plants is discussed in terms of basal values and evolutionary similarities.</abstract>

Antioxidative Responses of Microalgae to Heavy Metals

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Slender speedwell (<italic>Veronica filiformis</italic> Smith, family Plantaginaceae) is a non-native and invasive species of grassland in the Europe. The aim of the study was to test the ability of the growth and spreading in nine differently managed grasslands (mowing, mulching, grazing). The best survival was found in two-years mowed lots with fertilisation and in all lots with not permanent cattle pasture crops. There were found the highest number of survived plants and plants with big “rosette“ diameters. Number of survived plant for two seasons was 18 and total number of vegetative peaks per plant was 688. The potential for the spreading of such plant population is great. On the other hand, plants did not survived in lots with mulch treatment and in fenced lots with permanent cattle grazing.</abstract>

Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences

Department of Plant Production and Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture

How the Management May Affect Dispersal of Slender Speedwell (<italic>Veronica filiformis</italic> Smith) in Meadows and Pastures

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Volume 24 (2016): Issue 2 (December 2016)

Volume 24 (2016): Issue 1 (March 2016)

Acta Environmentalica Universitatis Comenianae

The scientific journal Acta Environmentalica Universitatis Comenianae (Bratislava) aimed at advancing conceptual, scientific, and applied understandings of environment. Journal is issued twice a year, publishes original scientific works within the area of both basic and applied scientific research. It covers environment as integrative natural, social, ecological and human systems with variable spatial and temporal dimensions. The journal is based on the premise that environmental sciences include basic and applied research of all components of the environment. Environmental sciences bring new knowledge from huge scale of classic fields (landscape ecology, ecology, environmental planning and management, nature protection, microbiology, ecotoxicology, zoology, botany, and others) and also from cross-disciplinary fields.   Rejection Rate   17%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Acta Environmentalica Universitatis Comenianae

Volume 24 (2016): Issue 2 (December 2016)

Molecular Characterization of ESBL Gene in Citrobacter Spp and Antibacterial Activity of Omega-3 Against Resistant Isolates

Application of Fuzzy Rayleigh Distribution in the Nonisothermal Pyrolysis of Loose Biomass

Antioxidative Responses of Microalgae to Heavy Metals

How the Management May Affect Dispersal of Slender Speedwell (Veronica filiformis Smith) in Meadows and Pastures

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