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Ephedrine and propofol for induction of general anesthesia can decrease intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing plastic and breast surgery: a randomized, controlled trial

Thanist Pravitharangul
Thanist Pravitharangul
, 
Wirakorn Koopinpaitoon
Wirakorn Koopinpaitoon
, 
Rungruedee Kraisen
Rungruedee Kraisen
 et 
Rojnarin Komonhirun
Rojnarin Komonhirun
   | 31 janv. 2017
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Article Category: Brief communication (Original)
Publié en ligne: 31 janv. 2017
Pages: 379 - 385
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0903.407
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© 2015 Thanist Pravitharangul, Wirakorn Koopinpaitoon, Rungruedee Kraisen, Rojnarin Komonhirun
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure by group. Open circles indicate the ephedrine group, and solid circles indicate the control group. Data are mean with standard error of mean, *P < 0.05 (between groups), fP < 0.05 (within group from Pre-in), Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = at 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation.
Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure by group. Open circles indicate the ephedrine group, and solid circles indicate the control group. Data are mean with standard error of mean, *P < 0.05 (between groups), fP < 0.05 (within group from Pre-in), Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = at 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation.

Figure 2

Index temperature by group. Open circles indicate the ephedrine group, and solid circles indicate the control group. Data are mean with standard error of mean, *P < 0.05 (between groups), ”P < 0.05 (from Pre-in), Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …,120 = at 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation.
Index temperature by group. Open circles indicate the ephedrine group, and solid circles indicate the control group. Data are mean with standard error of mean, *P < 0.05 (between groups), ”P < 0.05 (from Pre-in), Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …,120 = at 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation.

Figure 3

Tympanic and esophageal temperature by group. Tympanic temperatures are represented by circles and esophageal temperatures are represented by triangles. Open symbols indicate the ephedrine group, and solid symbols indicate the control group. Data are mean with standard error of mean, *P < 0.05 (between groups), P < 0.05 (from Pre-in by tympanic temperature) none, <in>-P < 0.05 (from Post-in by esophageal temperature), Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = at 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation.
Tympanic and esophageal temperature by group. Tympanic temperatures are represented by circles and esophageal temperatures are represented by triangles. Open symbols indicate the ephedrine group, and solid symbols indicate the control group. Data are mean with standard error of mean, *P < 0.05 (between groups), P < 0.05 (from Pre-in by tympanic temperature) none, <in>-P < 0.05 (from Post-in by esophageal temperature), Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = at 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation.

Comparing systolic and diastolic blood pressure between groups

Systolic pressureControl (n = 15)Ephedrine (n = 15)PDiastolic pressureControl (n = 15)Ephedrine (n = 15)P
0.006

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30,…, 120 = At 0, 15, 30,…, 120 min after intubation

0.046

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30,…, 120 = At 0, 15, 30,…, 120 min after intubation

Pre-in120.4 ± 16.1120.9 ± 13.50.92Pre-in72.9 ± 7.675.4 ± 11.70.49
Post-in91.0 ± 10.6125.5 ± 14.5<0.001

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30,…, 120 = At 0, 15, 30,…, 120 min after intubation

Post-in51.1 ± 8.473.3 ± 12.7<0.001

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30,…, 120 = At 0, 15, 30,…, 120 min after intubation

T0121.1 ± 19.9142.5 ± 25.90.02

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30,…, 120 = At 0, 15, 30,…, 120 min after intubation

T078.9 ± 16.785.6 ± 17.70.30
T1597.0 ± 10.0111.0 ± 11.70.001

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30,…, 120 = At 0, 15, 30,…, 120 min after intubation

T1559.5 ± 9.265.5 ± 14.70.19
T30104.4 ± 15.4109.5 ± 10.70.30T3068.1 ± 12.463.7 ± 10.80.30
T45107.7 ± 15.2113.7 ± 15.90.30T4570.2 ± 15.467.1 ± 10.50.53
T60109.9 ± 12.3113.01 ± 12.50.49T6070.3 ± 14.569.1 ± 12.60.81
T75108.3 ± 12.5120.5 ± 19.20.048

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30,…, 120 = At 0, 15, 30,…, 120 min after intubation

T7570.6 ± 12.173.2 ± 12.40.45
T90113.2 ± 15.4118.6 ± 12.10.30T9072.7 ± 15.370.3 ± 13.70.65
T105114.5 ± 16.6114.9 ± 13.0T10574.9 ± 11.767.6 ± 10.7
(n = 10)(n = 11)(n = 10)(n = 11)
T120118.0 ± 14.6112.9 ± 11.8T12076.3 ± 14.666.5 ± 12.5
(n = 10)(n = 11)(n = 10)(n = 11)

Comparing temperature between groups

TemperatureControl (n = 15)Ephedrine (n = 15)PTemperatureControl (n = 15)Ephedrine (n = 15)P
Tympanic0.38Index0.03

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = At 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation

 Pre-in36.6 ± 0.4536.7 ± 0 . 50.55Pre-in26.7 ± 2.127.99 ± 2.490.15
 Post-in36.4 ± 0.4236.7 ± 0 . 50.099Post-in27.9 ± 2.630.53 ± 2.550.01

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = At 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation

 T036.4 ± 0.736.5 ± 0 . 50.83
Esophageal0.03

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = At 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation

T029.7 ± 2.831.96 ± 2.520.03

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = At 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation

 T036.3 ± 0.336.4 ± 0 . 40.51
 T1535.9 ± 0.436.2 ± 0.40.13T1532.7 ± 1.733.31 ± 2.450.47
 T3035.8 ± 0.536.0 ± 0 . 40.11T3033.0 ± 1.833.05 ± 1.890.97
 T4535.7 ± 0.435.9 ± 0 . 40.09T4532.3 ± 2.632.80 ± 1.700.49
 T6035.5 ± 0.435.9 ± 0.40.02

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = At 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation

T6030.5 ± 3.832.49 ± 2.190.06
 T7535.5 ± 0.435.9 ± 0.40.01

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = At 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation

T7529.8 ± 4.131.60 ± 2.480.16
 T9035.4 ± 0.435.9 ± 0.40.006

P < 0.05 statistical significance, Pre-in = pre-induction, Post-in = post-induction 2.5 min, T0, 15, 30, …, 120 = At 0, 15, 30, …, 120 min after intubation

T9028.8 ± 4.331.13 ± 2.900.09
 T10535.6 ± 0.4 (n = 8)35.9 ± 0.5 (n = 11)T10529.3 ± 3.531.78 ± 3.29 (n = 11)
 T12035.6 ± 0.4 (n = 8)35.9 ± 0 . 6 (n = 11)T12029.7 ± 4.3 (n = 8)32.62 ± 2.21 (n = 11)

Patient characteristics and preoperative data

Control (n = 15)Ephedrine (n = 15)P
Sex, female/male, n11/412/3>0.999
Age, y33.8 ± 11.330.3 ± 9 . 90.38
BMI21.9 ± 3.221.8 ± 3 . 80.87
Operating room temperature, °C21.1 ± 0.920.8 ± 1 . 20.42
Anesthesia time, min (median [range])145 [95-290]135 [90-405]0.39
At 90 min
 Hypotension, n00–
 IV fluid, mL963 ± 418660 ± 2190.02

P < 0.05 statistical significance

 Blood loss, mL (median [range])20 [5-500]4 0 [5-250]0.41
 Fentanyl, μg (median [range])100 [50-250]100 [50-150]0.38
At 120 min
 Hypotension, n10>0.999
 IV fluid, mL1235 ± 578 (n = 11)762 ± 245 (n = 11)0.02

P < 0.05 statistical significance

 Blood loss, mL (median [range])20 [5-500] (n = 11)50 [5–250] (n = 11)0.52
 Fentanyl, μg (median [range])100 [50–300] (n = 11)100 [50–150] (n = 11)0.22
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