Faking the News: Intentional Guided Variation Reflects Cognitive Biases in Transmission Chains Without Recall
Article Category: Research
Publié en ligne: 10 juil. 2018
Pages: 54 - 65
Reçu: 28 mai 2018
Accepté: 30 août 2018
© 2018 Joseph Stubbersfield, Jamshid Tehrani and Emma Flynn, published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Results of the qualitative analysis. The table shows the percentage frequency common additions or changes made to the stories.
Addition/Change |
Frequency in each story (% of stories)
|
Frequency in all stories (%) |
Low-Trees |
Low-Bridge |
High-Pea |
High-Tiger |
MCI content |
50 |
40 |
80 |
40 |
52.5 |
Amusing content |
60 |
60 |
50 |
60 |
57.5 |
Exaggeration |
40 |
50 |
60 |
60 |
52.5 |
‘Pop culture’ |
20 |
40 |
20 |
40 |
30 |
Location change |
20 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
Means and standard deviations of rating scores for each news story before transmission.
Story |
Mean (SD)
|
Emotional |
Plausibility |
Relevance |
Survival |
Social |
Stereotype |
Trees |
3.73(1.35) |
6(1.1) |
2.82(1.25) |
2.73(1.62) |
1.82(1.08) |
1.36(.67) |
Bridge |
3.36(1.57) |
4.91(1.87) |
1.91(1.45) |
1.91(1.22) |
2.36(1.03) |
1.91(.83) |
Pea |
5.55(.82) |
2.82(2.04) |
2.36(1.63) |
4.55(1.29) |
2.91(1.14) |
1.91(.7) |
Tiger |
5.36(.67) |
3.82(1.6) |
1.64(.92) |
3.55(1.44) |
2.45(1.57) |
3.09(1.38) |
Means and standard deviations of rating scores for each news story after transmission.
Story |
Mean (SD)
|
Emotional |
Plausibility |
Relevance |
Survival |
Social |
Stereotype |
Trees |
4.18(1.38) |
2.77(1.85) |
2.18(1.24) |
3.09(1.81) |
2.51(1.45) |
2.09(1.56) |
Bridge |
4.21(1.59) |
2.89(1.83) |
1.91(1.18) |
2.45(1.48) |
3.56(1.63) |
2.39(1.59) |
Pea |
4.76(1.6) |
1.94(1.48) |
1.54(.99) |
3.59(2.04) |
2.66(1.7) |
2.14(1.54) |
Tiger |
4.54(1.45) |
2.20(1.57) |
1.48(.77) |
2.82(1.7) |
2.77(1.52) |
2.78(1.73) |