The Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of Gambier Catechin (Uncaria gambir Roxb) in Streptococcal Gingivitis: A Review

1 World Health Organization. Goal 3 : Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. WHO SDGS Progress, Targets and Indicators. Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2018. Search in Google Scholar

2 Glick M, Williams DM, Kleinman DV, Vujicic M, Watt RG, Weyant RJ. A new definition for oral health developed by the FDI World Dental Federation opens the door to a universal definition of oral health. Br Dent J. 2016;221(12): 915-17. Search in Google Scholar

3 Peres MA, Macpherson LM, Weyant RJ, Daly B, Venturelli R, Mathur MR, et al. Oral diseases: A global public health challenge. Lancet. 2019;394(10194):249-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8 PMid:31327369 Search in Google Scholar

4 Yang LC, Yu HC, Chang YC. The recent new findings of periodontal systemic connection from Taiwan’s National health insurance research database. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(2):789-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2021.01.006 PMid:33854738 Search in Google Scholar

5 Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Info DATIN Kesehatan Gigi Nasional. Indonesia: Pusdatin Kemenkes RI; 2019. p. 1-6. Search in Google Scholar

6 Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999;4(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.1 PMid:10863370 Search in Google Scholar

7 Gursoy-Mert H, Altan-Koran M, Noyan U, Kadir T, Cologlu S, Yilmaz S. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Er: YAG laser and conventional periodontal treatment in a patient with acute streptococcal gingivitis: A 2-year follow-up. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010;28(6):841-5. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2009.2705 PMid:21142726 Search in Google Scholar

8 Kennedy HF, Morrison D, Tomlinson D, Gibson BE, Bagg J, Gemmell CG. Gingivitis and toothbrushes: Potential roles in viridans streptococcal bacteraemia. J Infect. 2003;46(1):67-70. https://doi.org/10.1053/jinf.2002.1084 PMid:12504614 Search in Google Scholar

9 Dilsiz A, Sevinc S. Therapy of a patient with acute streptococcal gingivitis : Case report and review of the literature. JSM Dent. 2014;2(2):1025. https://doi.org/10.47739/2333-7133/1025 Search in Google Scholar

10 Pambayun R, Hasmeda M, Saputra D, Suhel S. Peningkatan Produksi Dan Perbaikan Kualitas Gambir Toman, Musi Banyu Asin. In: Laporan Kegiatan Program Vucer Multi Years, Kerjasama DITBINLITABMAS DIKTI melalui UNSRI dengan Pemda Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan; 2001. Search in Google Scholar

11 Pambayun R, Murdijati G, Slamet S, Kapti R. Sensitivity of Gram- Positive bacteria to catechin extracted from gambir (Uncaria Gambir). Agritech J Fak Teknol Pertan UGM. 2008; 174-179. Search in Google Scholar

12 Lucida H, Bakhtiar A, Putri WA. Formulation of oral antiseptic preparation from gambir catechin. J Sains Teknol Farm. 2007;12(1):41-47. Search in Google Scholar

13 Amos A. Gambir as an antibacterial agent in mouthwash formulation. J Sains dan Teknol Indones. 2013;11(3):188-192. Search in Google Scholar

14 Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.02.02/MENKES/62/2015 Tentang Panduan Praktik Klinis Bagi Dokter Gigi. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2015. Search in Google Scholar

15 Kashetty M, Kumbhar S, Patil S, Patil P. Oral hygiene status, gingival status, periodontal status, and treatment needs among pregnant and nonpregnant women: A comparative study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018;22(2):164-70. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_319_17 PMid:29769772 Search in Google Scholar

16 Albandar JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases: An overview. Periodontology 2000. 2002;29:7-10. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.290101.x PMid:12102700 Search in Google Scholar

17 König J, Holtfreter B, Kocher T. Periodontal health in Europe: Future trends based on treatment needs and the provision of periodontal services-position paper 1. Eur J Dent Educ. 2010;14(Suppl 1):4-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0579.2010.00620.x PMid: 20415972 Search in Google Scholar

18 Li Y, Lee S, Hujoel P, Su M, Zhang W, Kim J, et al. Prevalence and severity of gingivitis in American adults. Am J Dent. 2010;23(1):9-13. PMid:20437720 Search in Google Scholar

19 Riskesdas. Primary Findings of the 2018 National Health Survey by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesia: Kementrian Kesehat Republik Indones; 2018. Search in Google Scholar

20 Hassan BM, Intan Suhana MM, Farha A. Inflammation of the gums. Malays Fam Physician. 2020;15(1):71-3. PMid:32284812 Search in Google Scholar

21 Pari A, Ilango P, Subbareddy V, Katamreddy V, Parthasarthy H. Gingival diseases in childhood-a review. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2014;8(10):ZE01-04. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/9004.4957 PMid:25478471 Search in Google Scholar

22 Syndergaard B, Al-Sabbagh M, Kryscio RJ, Xi J, Ding X, Ebersole JL, et al. Salivary biomarkers associated with gingivitis and response to therapy. J Periodontol. 2014;85(8):e295-303. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2014.130696 PMid:24502627 Search in Google Scholar

23 Page RC, Schroeder HE. Pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current work. Lab Invest. 1976;34(3):235-49. PMid:765622 Search in Google Scholar

24 Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S44-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12939 PMid:29926492 Search in Google Scholar

25 Amos A. The catechin content of gambir: A primary product of Indonesia’s production centers. J Stand. 2010;12(3):149. https://doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.42.3446 Search in Google Scholar

26 Setyowati H. Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) as natural cosmeceutical agent. Cermin Dalam Kedokteran. 2017;44(3): 222-224. Search in Google Scholar

27 Hilal Y, Engelhardt U. Characterisation of white tea-comparison to green and black tea. J fur Verbraucherschutz Leb. 2007;2(4):414-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-007-0250-3 Search in Google Scholar

28 Musdja MY, Rahman HA, Hasan D. Antioxidant activity of catechins isolate of uncaria gambier Roxb in male rats. Life Int J Health Life Sci. 2018;4(2):34-46. https://doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.42.3446 Search in Google Scholar

29 Armoskaite V, Ramanauskiene K, Maruska A, Razukas A, Dagilyte A, Baranauskas A, et al. The analysis of quality and antioxidant activity of green tea extracts. J Med Plants Res. 2011;5(5):811-6. Search in Google Scholar

30 Rahmaddiansyah R, Hasani S, Zikrah AA, Arisanty D. The effect of gambier catechin isolate on cervical cancer cell death (HeLa Cell Lines). Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022;10(B):1293-7. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8779 Search in Google Scholar

31 Anggraini T, Rini R, Aini L. The extraction of gambier by using ultrasonic assisted at various temperature. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;757(1):012058. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/757/1/012058 Search in Google Scholar

32 Hilmi HL, Rahayu D. Aktivitas farmakologi gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.). Farmaka. 2018;16(2):134-41. Search in Google Scholar

33 Meulenbeld GH, Zuilhof H, Van VeldhuizenA, Van Den Heuvel RH, Hartmans S. Enhanced (+)-catechin transglucosylating activity of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 glucosyltransferase-D due to fructose removal. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999;65(9):4141-7. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.9.4141-4147.1999 PMid:10473427 Search in Google Scholar

34 Ilmiawati C, Nurhayati N, Bambang B. The influence of toothpaste containing gambir catechin (Uncaria gambir Roxb) on the reduction of dental plaque index. Andalas Dent J. 2020;8(2):57-63. Search in Google Scholar

35 Ayuningsih F. Formulation of Toothpaste from Purified Catechin and Antibacterial Activity Test against Streptococcus mutans. Universitas Perintis; 2021. Available from: https://repo.upertis.ac.id/1348/1/draftskripsi-fitriaayuningsih.pdf Search in Google Scholar

36 Bayuarti YD. Study on the Production Process of Gambir Toothpaste as an Antibacterial Agent. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural Institute; 2006. Search in Google Scholar

37 Kozai K, Soto M, Yamaguchi N, Nagasaka N. Gambier as an inhibitor of dental plaque formation. Dent J. 1995;28:95-6. Search in Google Scholar

38 Christianty F, Nurul D, Kemal Y. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Rinsing with 50% and 25% Concentration Brewed Green Tea Solutions in Clinically Inhibiting Dental Plaque Formation on Six Tooth Surfaces: A Clinical Study on Students of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. Universitas Indonesia; 2008. Available from: https://www.lontar.ui.ac.id/detail?id=125157&lokasi=lokal [Last accessed on 2023 Dec18]. Search in Google Scholar

39 Rustanti E, Jannah A, Fasya AG. Antibacterial activity test of catechin compounds from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L. var. Assamica) against Micrococcus luteus bacteria. ALCHEMY. 2013; 2(2):138-149. Search in Google Scholar

40 Susilowati A, Sumarawati T. A study on the long-term effect of rinsing with gambir (Uncaria gambir) infusion on dental plaque formation. J Sains Med. 2012;4(1):58. Search in Google Scholar