Pointwise completeness and pointwise degeneracy of fractional standard and descriptor linear continuous-time systems with different fractional orders

Descriptor and standard linear continuous-time systems with different fractional orders are investigated. Descriptor systems are analyzed making use of the Drazin matrix inverse. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the pointwise completeness and pointwise degeneracy of descriptor continuous-time linear systems with different fractional orders are derived. It is shown that (i) the descriptor linear continuous-time system with different fractional orders is pointwise complete if and only if the initial and final states belong to the same subspace, (ii) the descriptor linear continuous-time system with different fractional orders is not pointwise degenerated in any nonzero direction for all nonzero initial conditions. Results are reported for the case of two different fractional orders and can be extended to any number of orders.