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Association of Maternal Preferred Language with Breastfeeding Attitudes, Intentions, and Knowledge

Lincoln Ferguson
Lincoln Ferguson
, 
Alexandra Chervonsky
Alexandra Chervonsky
, 
Joshua Fogel
Joshua Fogel
 et 
Allan J. Jacobs
Allan J. Jacobs
   | 22 nov. 2023
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Article Category: Original Research
Publié en ligne: 22 nov. 2023
Pages: 209 - 216
Reçu: 03 mars 2023
Accepté: 19 oct. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34763/jmotherandchild.20232701.d-23-00026
Mots clés
© 2023 Lincoln Ferguson et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Comparisons of Sample Characteristics for the 448 Participants.

Variable English M (SD) or # (%) (n=136) Russian M (SD) or # (%) (n=58) Spanish M (SD) or # (%) (n=104) Urdu M (SD) or # (%) (n=42) Uzbek M (SD) or # (%) (n=46) Other M (SD) or # (%) (n=62) p-value
Age (years) [mean] 29.7 (5.76) 32.4 (5.25) 30.1 (6.69) 29.6 (4.66) 29.3 (4.88) 30.0 (4.82) 0.051
Race/ethnicity <0.001
  White 30 (22.2) 25 (44.6) 1 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 11 (25.6) 36 (60.0)
  African-American 38 (28.1) 3 (5.4) 1 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (6.7)
  Hispanic 32 (23.7) 1 (1.8) 81 (81.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.7)
  Asian 25 (18.5) 11 (19.6) 0 (0.0) 37 (88.1) 25 (58.1) 13 (21.7)
  Other 10 (7.4) 16 (28.6) 16 (16.2) 5 (11.9) 7 (16.3) 6 (10.0)
Born in USA (yes) 79 (59.4) 5 (8.6) 4 (3.9) 1 (2.4) 0 (0.0) 3 (4.8) <0.001
Years lived in USA [mean] 20.9 (11.19) 7.2 (7.16) 9.7 (7.34) 12.5 (8.00) 4.7 (3.45) 6.0 (7.44) <0.001
Education <0.001
  Elementary 2 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 32 (33.3) 2 (4.9) 0 (0.0) 2 (3.3)
  Some HS 19 (14.5) 10 (17.5) 32 (33.3) 6 (14.6) 10 (22.2) 6 (9.8)
  Completed HS 38 (19.0) 9 (15.8) 26 (27.1) 11 (26.8) 16 (35.6) 12 (19.7)
  Associate 27 (20.6) 7 (12.3) 2 (2.1) 5 (12.2) 14 (31.1) 11 (18.0)
  Bachelor 24 (18.3) 21 (36.8) 2 (2.1) 13 (31.7) 5 (11.1) 20 (32.8)
  Master/Doctoral 21 (16.0) 10 (17.5) 2 (2.1) 4 (9.8) 0 (0.0) 10 (16.4)
Gravidity [mean] 2.7 (1.69) 3.1 (3.11) 2.9 (1.80) 2.5 (1.45) 3.4 (1.74) 2.1 (1.35) 0.001
Parity [mean] 2.1 (1.51) 2.0 (0.97) 2.3 (1.48) 2.1 (1.30) 2.9 (1.20) 1.7 (1.24) <0.001
Number miscarriages/abortions [mean] 0.7 (1.02) 0.8 (1.16) 0.5 (0.73) 0.5 (0.71) 0.8 (1.14) 0.4 (0.64) 0.27
Recently had baby (yes) 67 (49.6) 32 (57.1) 48 (46.6) 17 (41.5) 36 (78.3) 43 (69.4) <0.001
Breastfed previous child (yes) 69 (53.5) 36 (69.2) 67 (65.0) 21 (53.8) 40 (90.9) 25 (43.9) <0.001
Close relative breastfed child (yes) 108 (81.2) 45 (83.3) 71 (70.3) 31 (75.6) 28 (60.9) 47 (77.0) 0.050

Multivariate Linear Regression Analyses for Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Behavioral Control.

Variable Attitudes B (SE) p-value Subjective Norms B (SE) p-value Behavioral Control B (SE) p-value
Language
  English Reference Reference Reference
  Russian 2.24 (1.09) 0.04 0.98 (0.77) 0.21 −0.87 (0.63) 0.17
  Spanish 2.19 (1.27) 0.09 1.34 (0.86) 0.12 −0.08 (0.70) 0.91
  Urdu 2.90 (1.45) 0.046 1.21 (0.92) 0.19 0.14 (0.77) 0.86
  Uzbek 4.21 (1.35) 0.002 0.88 (0.92) 0.34 0.22 (0.75) 0.77
  Other 1.49 (1.07) 0.16 1.24 (0.75) 0.10 −1.08 (0.61) 0.08
Age (years) 0.07 (0.07) 0.33 −0.08 (0.04) 0.07 0.02 (0.04) 0.61
Race/ethnicity
  White Reference Reference Reference
  African-American 0.17 (1.16) 0.32 3.09 (0.83) <0.001 1.32 (0.67) 0.05
  Hispanic −0.55 (1.20) 0.65 1.06 (0.83) 0.20 0.05 (0.68) 0.94
  Asian 0.17 (0.97) 0.86 0.87 (0.67) 0.19 −0.15 (0.54) 0.79
  Other 0.25 (1.05) 0.81 1.24 (0.75) 0.81 0.05 (0.60) 0.93
Born in USA (yes) −1.47 (1.30) 0.26 −0.89 (0.87) 0.31 −1.22 (0.71) 0.09
Years lived in USA 0.03 (0.05) 0.55 −0.04 (0.03) 0.19 −0.05 (0.03) 0.09
Education
  Elementary 1.16 (1.62) 0.48 0.75 (1.04) 0.47 1.08 (0.86) 0.21
  Some HS −2.03 (1.21) 0.10 −0.09 (0.81) 0.91 0.65 (0.67) 0.33
  Completed HS −0.92 (1.14) 0.42 −0.45 (0.78) 0.57 0.02 (0.64) 0.98
  Associate −1.84 (1.17) 0.12 −0.07 (0.82) 0.93 0.76 (0.67) 0.26
  Bachelor −1.51 (1.08) 0.16 −0.45 (0.75) 0.55 −0.28 (0.62) 0.65
  Masters/Doctoral Reference Reference
Gravidity −6.47 (2.71) 0.02 −5.69 (1.84) 0.002 −1.82 (1.51) 0.23
Parity 0.30 (0.37) 0.42 0.64 (0.26) 0.01 0.17 (0.21) 0.42
Recently had baby (yes) 0.88 (0.62) 0.16 −0.49 (0.42) 0.24 0.19 (0.35) 0.58
Breastfed previous child (yes) 0.78 (0.73) 0.29 0.92 (0.49) 0.06 1.09 (0.40) 0.01
Close relative breastfed child (yes) 1.55 (0.72) 0.03 2.24 (0.48) <0.001 1.03 (0.39) 0.01
Constant 23.07 (2.34) <0.001 19.23 (1.59) <0.001 17.58 (1.31) <0.001

Univariate Comparisons for Outcomes.

Variable English M (SD) (n=136) Russian M (SD) (n=58) Spanish M (SD) (n=104) Urdu M (SD) (n=42) Uzbek M (SD) (n=46) Other M (SD) (n=62) p-value Post-hoc
Attitudes 23.2 (6.37) 25.3 (4.82) 25.6 (4.33) 26.1 (3.10) 27.0 (4.07) 25.2 (5.24) 0.001 Russian>English (p=0.02)
Spanish>English (p=0.003)
Urdu>English (p=0.01)
Uzbek>English (p<0.001)
Other>English (p=0.02)
Subjective norms 16.6 (4.61) 17.0 (4.77) 19.0 (3.39) 18.6 (3.03) 17.6 (4.52) 18.3 (2.92) <0.001 Spanish>English (p<0.001)
Urdu>English (p=0.01)
Other>English (p=0.01)
Spanish>Russian (p=0.003)
Behavioral control 17.9 (3.14) 17.9 (3.54) 19.0 (2.67) 18.2 (3.56) 19.7 (2.59) 18.0 (3.35) 0.01 Spanish>English (p=0.01)
Uzbek>English (p=0.002)
Spanish>Russian (p=0.046)
Uzbek>Russian (p=0.01)
Uzbek>Urdu (p=0.04)
Uzbek>Other (p=0.01)
Intentions 17.9 (4.99) 18.8 (4.39) 19.3 (3.41) 18.6 (4.07) 17.5 (5.44) 19.1 (3.43) 0.11
IIFAS 61.3 (8.25) 60.0 (6.45) 59.8 (5.74) 60.1 (6.23) 58.8 (6.61) 61.5 (7.26) 0.17
Knowledge correct 6.6 (3.04) 6.1 (2.96) 6.1 (2.17) 7.0 (2.64) 6.5 (2.48) 6.1 (2.74) 0.31
Knowledge unsure 4.4 (3.17) 4.8 (3.10) 4.2 (2.76) 3.8 (3.01) 3.6 (2.44) 4.8 (2.55) 0.16
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