Interaction of Biochemical Processes between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Aghagoli G, Gallo Marin B, Soliman LB, Sellke FW. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients: Risk factors, predictors, and complications: a review. J Card Surg. 2020 Jun;35(6):1302–1305. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.14538 Aghagoli G Gallo Marin B Soliman LB Sellke FW . Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients: Risk factors, predictors, and complications: a review . J Card Surg . 2020 Jun ; 35 ( 6 ): 1302 – 1305 . https://doi.org/ 10.1111/jocs.14538 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SM, Almehmadi M, Alqahtani AS, Quaderi S, Mandal S, Hurst JR. Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020 May;15(5):e0233147. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233147 Alqahtani JS Oyelade T Aldhahir AM Alghamdi SM Almehmadi M Alqahtani AS Quaderi S Mandal S Hurst JR . Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis . PLoS One . 2020 May ; 15 ( 5 ): e0233147 . https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0233147 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Banerjee A, Koziol-White C, Panettieri R Jr. p38 MAPK inhibitors, IKK2 inhibitors, and TNFα inhibitors in COPD. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;12(3):287–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2012.01.016 Banerjee A Koziol-White C Panettieri R Jr . p38 MAPK inhibitors, IKK2 inhibitors, and TNFα inhibitors in COPD . Curr Opin Pharmacol . 2012 Jun ; 12 ( 3 ): 287 – 292 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.coph.2012.01.016 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Beigel JH, Nam HH, Adams PL, Krafft A, Ince WL, El-Kamary SS, Sims AC. Advances in respiratory virus therapeutics – a meeting report from the 6th isirv Antiviral Group conference. Antiviral Res. 2019 Jul;167:45-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.006 Beigel JH Nam HH Adams PL Krafft A Ince WL El-Kamary SS Sims AC . Advances in respiratory virus therapeutics – a meeting report from the 6^th isirv Antiviral Group conference . Antiviral Res . 2019 Jul ; 167 : 45 - 67 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.006 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Bhuiyan MN, Ganesh R, Ghosh AK. COVID-19: A 2020 update. Indian J Med Sci. 2020 Aug;72(2):88–94. https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMS_123_2020 Bhuiyan MN Ganesh R Ghosh AK . COVID-19: A 2020 update . Indian J Med Sci . 2020 Aug ; 72 ( 2 ): 88 – 94 . https://doi.org/ 10.25259/IJMS_123_2020 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Blanco-Melo D, Nilsson-Payant BE, Liu WC, Uhl S, Hoagland D, Møller R, Jordan TX, Oishi K, Panis M, Sachs D, et al. Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19. Cell. 2020 May;181(5):1036–1045.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026 Blanco-Melo D Nilsson-Payant BE Liu WC Uhl S Hoagland D Møller R Jordan TX Oishi K Panis M Sachs D . Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19 . Cell . 2020 May ; 181 ( 5 ): 1036 – 1045 .e9. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cunningham AC, Goh HP, Koh D. Treatment of COVID-19: old tricks for new challenges. Crit Care. 2020 Mar;24(1):91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-2818-6 Cunningham AC Goh HP Koh D . Treatment of COVID-19: old tricks for new challenges . Crit Care . 2020 Mar ; 24 ( 1 ): 91 . https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s13054-020-2818-6 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Daamen AR, Bachali P, Owen KA, Kingsmore KM, Hubbard EL, Labonte AC, Robl R, Shrotri S, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of COVID-19 blood, lung, and airway. Sci Rep. 2021 Mar;11(1):7052. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86002-x Daamen AR Bachali P Owen KA Kingsmore KM Hubbard EL Labonte AC Robl R Shrotri S Grammer AC Lipsky PE . Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of COVID-19 blood, lung, and airway . Sci Rep . 2021 Mar ; 11 ( 1 ): 7052 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-021-86002-x Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Deng Q, Hu B, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhou X, Hu W, Cheng Y, Yan J, Ping H, Zhou Q. Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China. Int J Cardiol. 2020 Jul;311:116-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.087 Deng Q Hu B Zhang Y Wang H Zhou X Hu W Cheng Y Yan J Ping H Zhou Q . Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China . Int J Cardiol . 2020 Jul ; 311 : 116 - 121 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.087 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dong L, Hu S, Gao J. Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug Discov Ther. 2020 Feb;14(1):58–60. https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2020.01012 Dong L Hu S Gao J . Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . Drug Discov Ther . 2020 Feb ; 14 ( 1 ): 58 – 60 . https://doi.org/ 10.5582/ddt.2020.01012 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Farha S, Heresi GA. COVID-19 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Early data and many questions. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2020 Dec; 17(12):1528–1530. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202008-1014ED Farha S Heresi GA . COVID-19 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Early data and many questions . Ann Am Thorac Soc . 2020 Dec ; 17 ( 12 ): 1528 – 1530 . https://doi.org/ 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202008-1014ED Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Gholaminejad A, Fathalipour M, Roointan A. Comprehensive analysis of diabetic nephropathy expression profile based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis algorithm. BMC Nephrol. 2021 Jul;22(1):245. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-021-02447-2 Gholaminejad A Fathalipour M Roointan A . Comprehensive analysis of diabetic nephropathy expression profile based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis algorithm . BMC Nephrol . 2021 Jul ; 22 ( 1 ): 245 . https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12882-021-02447-2 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Guo S, Yang P, Jiang X, Li X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Sun B, Zhang Y, Jia Y. Genetic and epigenetic silencing of mircoRNA-506-3p enhances COTL1 oncogene expression to foster non-small lung cancer progression. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan;8(1):644–657. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13501 Guo S Yang P Jiang X Li X Wang Y Zhang X Sun B Zhang Y Jia Y . Genetic and epigenetic silencing of mircoRNA-506-3p enhances COTL1 oncogene expression to foster non-small lung cancer progression . Oncotarget . 2017 Jan ; 8 ( 1 ): 644 – 657 . https://doi.org/ 10.18632/oncotarget.13501 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Heinbockel L, Marwitz S, Schromm AB, Watz H, Kugler C, Ammerpohl O, Schnepf K, Rabe KF, Droemann D, Goldmann T. Identification of novel target genes in human lung tissue involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018 Jul;13:2255-2259. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S161958 Heinbockel L Marwitz S Schromm AB Watz H Kugler C Ammerpohl O Schnepf K Rabe KF Droemann D Goldmann T . Identification of novel target genes in human lung tissue involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis . 2018 Jul ; 13 : 2255 - 2259 . https://doi.org/ 10.2147/COPD.S161958 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, Woods R, Elliott WM, Buzatu L, Cherniack RM, Rogers RM, Sciurba FC, Coxson HO, et al. The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun;350(26):2645–2653. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa032158 Hogg JC Chu F Utokaparch S Woods R Elliott WM Buzatu L Cherniack RM Rogers RM Sciurba FC Coxson HO . The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . N Engl J Med . 2004 Jun ; 350 ( 26 ): 2645 – 2653 . https://doi.org/ 10.1056/NEJMoa032158 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Huang I, Lim MA, Pranata R. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Jul–Aug;14(4):395–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018 Huang I Lim MA Pranata R . Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression . Diabetes Metab Syndr . 2020 Jul–Aug ; 14 ( 4 ): 395 – 403 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Irving AT, Zhang Q, Kong PS, Luko K, Rozario P, Wen M, Zhu F, Zhou P, Ng JHJ, Sobota RM, et al. Interferon regulatory factors IRF1 and IRF7 directly regulate gene expression in bats in response to viral infection. Cell Rep. 2020 Nov;33(5):108345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108345 Irving AT Zhang Q Kong PS Luko K Rozario P Wen M Zhu F Zhou P Ng JHJ Sobota RM . Interferon regulatory factors IRF1 and IRF7 directly regulate gene expression in bats in response to viral infection . Cell Rep . 2020 Nov ; 33 ( 5 ): 108345 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108345 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kaner RJ, Ladetto JV, Singh R, Fukuda N, Matthay MA, Crystal RG. Lung overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene induces pulmonary edema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;22(6):657–664. https://doi.org/10.1165/ajrcmb.22.6.3779 Kaner RJ Ladetto JV Singh R Fukuda N Matthay MA Crystal RG . Lung overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene induces pulmonary edema . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol . 2000 Jun ; 22 ( 6 ): 657 – 664 . https://doi.org/ 10.1165/ajrcmb.22.6.3779 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lazear HM, Schoggins JW, Diamond MS. Shared and distinct functions of type I and type III interferons. Immunity. 2019 Apr;50(4): 907–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.025 Lazear HM Schoggins JW Diamond MS . Shared and distinct functions of type I and type III interferons . Immunity . 2019 Apr ; 50 ( 4 ): 907 – 923 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.025 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Leng L, Cao R, Ma J, Mou D, Zhu Y, Li W, Lv L, Gao D, Zhang S, Gong F, et al. Pathological features of COVID-19-associated lung injury: a preliminary proteomics report based on clinical samples. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020 Oct;5(1):240. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00355-9 Leng L Cao R Ma J Mou D Zhu Y Li W Lv L Gao D Zhang S Gong F . Pathological features of COVID-19-associated lung injury: a preliminary proteomics report based on clinical samples . Signal Transduct Target Ther . 2020 Oct ; 5 ( 1 ): 240 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41392-020-00355-9 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, Shaipanich T, Hackett TL, Singhera GK, Dorscheid DR, Sin DD. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J. 2020 May;55(5):2000688. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00688-2020 Leung JM Yang CX Tam A Shaipanich T Hackett TL Singhera GK Dorscheid DR Sin DD . ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19 . Eur Respir J . 2020 May ; 55 ( 5 ): 2000688 . https://doi.org/ 10.1183/13993003.00688-2020 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Li G, De Clercq E. Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020 Mar;19(3):149–150. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0 Li G De Clercq E . Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) . Nat Rev Drug Discov . 2020 Mar ; 19 ( 3 ): 149 – 150 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014 Dec;15(12):550. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 Love MI Huber W Anders S . Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2 . Genome Biol . 2014 Dec ; 15 ( 12 ): 550 . https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Manne BK, Denorme F, Middleton EA, Portier I, Rowley JW, Stubben C, Petrey AC, Tolley ND, Guo L, Cody M, et al. Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19. Blood. 2020 Sep;136(11):1317–1329. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020007214 Manne BK Denorme F Middleton EA Portier I Rowley JW Stubben C Petrey AC Tolley ND Guo L Cody M . Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19 . Blood . 2020 Sep ; 136 ( 11 ): 1317 – 1329 . https://doi.org/ 10.1182/blood.2020007214 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Marson A, Levine SS, Cole MF, Frampton GM, Brambrink T, Johnstone S, Guenther MG, Johnston WK, Wernig M, Newman J, et al. Connecting microRNA genes to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells. Cell. 2008 Aug;134(3): 521–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.020 Marson A Levine SS Cole MF Frampton GM Brambrink T Johnstone S Guenther MG Johnston WK Wernig M Newman J . Connecting microRNA genes to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells . Cell . 2008 Aug ; 134 ( 3 ): 521 – 533 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.020 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Mishra A, Lal A, Sahu KK, George AA, Martin K, Sargent J. An update on pulmonary hypertension in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). Acta Biomed. 2020 Nov;91(4):e2020155. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i4.10698 Mishra A Lal A Sahu KK George AA Martin K Sargent J . An update on pulmonary hypertension in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) . Acta Biomed . 2020 Nov ; 91 ( 4 ): e2020155 . https://doi.org/ 10.23750/abm.v91i4.10698 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Oh KK, Adnan M, Cho DH. Network pharmacology approach to decipher signaling pathways associated with target proteins of NSAIDs against COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021 May;11(1):9606. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88313-5 Oh KK Adnan M Cho DH . Network pharmacology approach to decipher signaling pathways associated with target proteins of NSAIDs against COVID-19 . Sci Rep . 2021 May ; 11 ( 1 ): 9606 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-021-88313-5 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ovali F. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Newborn. Front Pediatr. 2020 May;8:294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00294 Ovali F . SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Newborn . Front Pediatr . 2020 May ; 8 : 294 . https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fped.2020.00294 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pang J, Xu F, Aondio G, Li Y, Fumagalli A, Lu M, Valmadre G, Wei J, Bian Y, Canesi M, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of bevacizumab in patients with severe Covid-19. Nat Commun. 2021 Feb; 12(1):814. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21085-8 Pang J Xu F Aondio G Li Y Fumagalli A Lu M Valmadre G Wei J Bian Y Canesi M . Efficacy and tolerability of bevacizumab in patients with severe Covid-19 . Nat Commun . 2021 Feb ; 12 ( 1 ): 814 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41467-021-21085-8 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Park J, Lee SH, You SC, Kim J, Yang K. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent use may not be associated with mortality of coronavirus disease 19. Sci Rep. 2021 Mar;11(1):5087. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84539-5 Park J Lee SH You SC Kim J Yang K . Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent use may not be associated with mortality of coronavirus disease 19 . Sci Rep . 2021 Mar ; 11 ( 1 ): 5087 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-021-84539-5 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Reddy NM, Vegiraju S, Irving A, Paun BC, Luzina IG, Atamas SP, Biswal S, Ana NA, Mitzner W, Reddy SP. Targeted deletion of Jun/AP-1 in alveolar epithelial cells causes progressive emphysema and worsens cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. Am J Pathol. 2012 Feb;180(2):562–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.029 Reddy NM Vegiraju S Irving A Paun BC Luzina IG Atamas SP Biswal S Ana NA Mitzner W Reddy SP . Targeted deletion of Jun/AP-1 in alveolar epithelial cells causes progressive emphysema and worsens cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation . Am J Pathol . 2012 Feb ; 180 ( 2 ): 562 – 574 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.029 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rusmini M, Uva P, Amoroso A, Tolomeo M, Cavalli A. How genetics might explain the unusual link between malaria and COVID-19. Front Med. 2021 Apr;8:650231. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.650231 Rusmini M Uva P Amoroso A Tolomeo M Cavalli A . How genetics might explain the unusual link between malaria and COVID-19 . Front Med . 2021 Apr ; 8 : 650231 . https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fmed.2021.650231 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Alabed M, Temsah MH, Al Heialy S, Hamid Q, Halwani R. Airways expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 is lower in children than adults and increases with smoking and COPDMol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2020 May 22;18:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.013 Saheb Sharif-Askari N Saheb Sharif-Askari F Alabed M Temsah MH Al Heialy S Hamid Q Halwani R . Airways expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 is lower in children than adults and increases with smoking and COPD Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev . 2020 May 22 ; 18 : 1 – 6 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.013 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, Amin N, Schwikowski B, Ideker T. Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 2003 Nov;13(11):2498–2504. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.1239303 Shannon P Markiel A Ozier O Baliga NS Wang JT Ramage D Amin N Schwikowski B Ideker T . Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks . Genome Res . 2003 Nov ; 13 ( 11 ): 2498 – 2504 . https://doi.org/ 10.1101/gr.1239303 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Won J, Brown AJ, Montgomery SA, Hogg A, Babusis D, Clarke MO, et al. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun. 2020 Jan;11(1):222. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13940-6 Sheahan TP Sims AC Leist SR Schäfer A Won J Brown AJ Montgomery SA Hogg A Babusis D Clarke MO . Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV . Nat Commun . 2020 Jan ; 11 ( 1 ): 222 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41467-019-13940-6 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Szklarczyk D, Kirsch R, Koutrouli M, Nastou K, Mehryary F, Hachilif R, Gable AL, Fang T, Doncheva NT, Pyysalo S, Bork P, Jensen LJ, von Mering C. The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 Jan; 51(D1):D638–D646. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac1000 Szklarczyk D Kirsch R Koutrouli M Nastou K Mehryary F Hachilif R Gable AL Fang T Doncheva NT Pyysalo S Bork P Jensen LJ von Mering C . The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest . Nucleic Acids Res . 2023 Jan ; 51 ( D1 ): D638 – D646 . https://doi.org/ 10.1093/nar/gkac1000 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tang X, Luo Y, Song Y, Fan H, Dong S, Liu P, Chen Y. Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 and its possible mechanism. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Sep;12(18):18754–18764. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103732 Tang X Luo Y Song Y Fan H Dong S Liu P Chen Y . Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 and its possible mechanism . Aging (Albany NY) . 2020 Sep ; 12 ( 18 ): 18754 – 18764 . https://doi.org/ 10.18632/aging.103732 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tudoran C, Tudoran M, Lazureanu VE, Marinescu AR, Pop GN, Pescariu AS, Enache A, Cut TG. Evidence of pulmonary hypertension after SARS-CoV-2 infection in subjects without previous significant cardiovascular pathology. J Clin Med. 2021 Jan;10(2):199. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020199 Tudoran C Tudoran M Lazureanu VE Marinescu AR Pop GN Pescariu AS Enache A Cut TG . Evidence of pulmonary hypertension after SARS-CoV-2 infection in subjects without previous significant cardiovascular pathology . J Clin Med . 2021 Jan ; 10 ( 2 ): 199 . https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jcm10020199 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Verma S, Twilley D, Esmear T, Oosthuizen CB, Reid AM, Nel M, Lall N. Anti-SARS-CoV natural products with the potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Front Pharmacol. 2020 Sep;11: 561334. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.561334 Verma S Twilley D Esmear T Oosthuizen CB Reid AM Nel M Lall N . Anti-SARS-CoV natural products with the potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) . Front Pharmacol . 2020 Sep ; 11 : 561334 . https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fphar.2020.561334 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Vicenzi M, Ruscica M, Iodice S, Rota I, Ratti A, Di Cosola R, Corsini A, Bollati V, Aliberti S, Blasi F. The efficacy of the mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist canrenone in COVID-19 patients. J Clin Med. 2020 Sep;9(9):2943. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092943 Vicenzi M Ruscica M Iodice S Rota I Ratti A Di Cosola R Corsini A Bollati V Aliberti S Blasi F . The efficacy of the mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist canrenone in COVID-19 patients . J Clin Med . 2020 Sep ; 9 ( 9 ): 2943 . https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jcm9092943 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wei H, Zhang D, Liu L, Xia W, Li F. Rho signaling pathway enhances proliferation of PASMCs by suppressing nuclear translocation of Smad1 in PAH. Exp Ther Med. 2019 Jan;17(1):71–78. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6942 Wei H Zhang D Liu L Xia W Li F. Rho signaling pathway enhances proliferation of PASMCs by suppressing nuclear translocation of Smad1 in PAH . Exp Ther Med . 2019 Jan ; 17 ( 1 ): 71 – 78 . https://doi.org/ 10.3892/etm.2018.6942 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wen W, Su W, Tang H, Le W, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Liu X, Xie L, Li J, Ye J, et al. Author Correction: immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing. Cell Discov. 2020 Jun;6:41. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-020-00187-5 Wen W Su W Tang H Le W Zhang X Zheng Y Liu X Xie L Li J Ye J . Author Correction: immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing . Cell Discov . 2020 Jun ; 6 : 41 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41421-020-00187-5 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

White K, Loughlin L, Maqbool Z, Nilsen M, McClure J, Dempsie Y, Baker AH, MacLean MR. Serotonin transporter, sex, and hypoxia: microarray analysis in the pulmonary arteries of mice identifies genes with relevance to human PAH. Physiol Genomics. 2011 Apr;43(8):417–437. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00249.2010 White K Loughlin L Maqbool Z Nilsen M McClure J Dempsie Y Baker AH MacLean MR . Serotonin transporter, sex, and hypoxia: microarray analysis in the pulmonary arteries of mice identifies genes with relevance to human PAH . Physiol Genomics . 2011 Apr ; 43 ( 8 ): 417 – 437 . https://doi.org/ 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00249.2010 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020 Apr;323(13):1239–1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648 Wu Z McGoogan JM . Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention . JAMA . 2020 Apr ; 323 ( 13 ): 1239 – 1242 . https://doi.org/ 10.1001/jama.2020.2648 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Xie Z, Bailey A, Kuleshov MV, Clarke DJ, Evangelista JE, Jenkins SL, Lachmann A, Wojciechowicz ML, Kropiwnicki E, Jagodnik KM, et al. Gene set knowledge discovery with enrichr. Curr Protoc. 2021 Mar;1(3):e90. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.90 Xie Z Bailey A Kuleshov MV Clarke DJ Evangelista JE Jenkins SL Lachmann A Wojciechowicz ML Kropiwnicki E Jagodnik KM . Gene set knowledge discovery with enrichr . Curr Protoc . 2021 Mar ; 1 ( 3 ): e90 . https://doi.org/ 10.1002/cpz1.90 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yan R, Zhang F, Rao X, Lv Z, Li J, Zhang L, Liang S, Li Y, Ren F, Zheng C, et al. Richer fusion network for breast cancer classification based on multimodal data. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2021 Apr;21(Suppl 1):134. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01340-6 Yan R Zhang F Rao X Lv Z Li J Zhang L Liang S Li Y Ren F Zheng C . Richer fusion network for breast cancer classification based on multimodal data . BMC Med Inform Decis Mak . 2021 Apr ; 21 ( Suppl 1 ): 134 . https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12911-020-01340-6 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yi K, Rong Y, Wang C, Huang L, Wang F. COVID-19: advance in laboratory diagnostic strategy and technology. Mol Cell Biochem. 2021 Mar;476(3):1421–1438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-020-04004-1 Yi K Rong Y Wang C Huang L Wang F . COVID-19: advance in laboratory diagnostic strategy and technology . Mol Cell Biochem . 2021 Mar ; 476 ( 3 ): 1421 – 1438 . https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11010-020-04004-1 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yoo M, Shin J, Kim J, Ryall KA, Lee K, Lee S, Jeon M, Kang J, Tan AC. DSigDB: drug signatures database for gene set analysis. Bioinformatics. 2015 Sep;31(18):3069–3071. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv313 Yoo M Shin J Kim J Ryall KA Lee K Lee S Jeon M Kang J Tan AC . DSigDB: drug signatures database for gene set analysis . Bioinformatics . 2015 Sep ; 31 ( 18 ): 3069 – 3071 . https://doi.org/ 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv313 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Zhang F, Gan R, Zhen Z, Hu X, Li X, Zhou F, Liu Y, Chen C, Xie S, Zhang B, et al. Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe versus mild individuals. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020a Aug;5(1):156. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00263-y Zhang F Gan R Zhen Z Hu X Li X Zhou F Liu Y Chen C Xie S Zhang B . Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe versus mild individuals . Signal Transduct Target Ther . 2020a Aug ; 5 ( 1 ): 156 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41392-020-00263-y Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Zhang J, Dong J, Martin M, He M, Gongol B, Marin TL, Chen L, Shi X, Yin Y, Shang F, et al. AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in endothelium mitigates pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Aug; 198(4):509–520. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201712-2570OC Zhang J Dong J Martin M He M Gongol B Marin TL Chen L Shi X Yin Y Shang F . AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in endothelium mitigates pulmonary hypertension . Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2018 Aug ; 198 ( 4 ): 509 – 520 . https://doi.org/ 10.1164/rccm.201712-2570OC Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Zhang T, Kawaguchi N, Tsuji K, Hayama E, Furutani Y, Sugiyama H, Nakanishi T. Silibinin upregulates CXCR4 expression in cultured bone marrow cells (BMCs) especially in pulmonary arterial hypertension rat model. Cells. 2020b May;9(5): 1276. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051276 Zhang T Kawaguchi N Tsuji K Hayama E Furutani Y Sugiyama H Nakanishi T . Silibinin upregulates CXCR4 expression in cultured bone marrow cells (BMCs) especially in pulmonary arterial hypertension rat model . Cells . 2020b May ; 9 ( 5 ): 1276 . https://doi.org/ 10.3390/cells9051276 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar